HG 216.35-216.45

Brown, coarse grained sample. Clasts range from small to medium in size and sub-angular to angular. Patched of clay rich domains can be seen throughout the sample. Rotation with and without a central grain can be seen throughout the sample. Edge-to-edge grain crushing and grain stacking can be seen throughout the sample.

HG 244.40-244.55-B Thin Section

Coarse grained sample with sub-angular to sub-rounded clasts ranging from small-large in size. Rotation structures, grain crushing and lineations were seen throughout the sample.

HG 305.15-305.30

Dark grey sediment with medium to small sized grains. The grains are sub-angular in shape. Rotation structures and grain crushing are the most common microstructures seen. Dark organic material and lineations can also be seen.

HG 370.55-370.70 b

Light brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to large. The clast shape ranges from sub-rounded to rounded. Rotation structures and grain crushing is abundant. Some lineations can also be seen.

KRM 1403B

Brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to medium in size. Clast shape ranges from sub-angular to rounded. Grain crushing and rotation structures are abundant in this sample. Some lineations and necking structures can also be seen. This sample also contains areas of lighter brown sediment in patches throughout.

Mo05

Brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to medium in size. Clast shape ranges from angular to rounded. Rotation structures and grain crushing can be seen throughout the sample. Lineations and minor amounts of grain stacking can also be seen.

Determining rotational direction of rotation structures using prolate shaped grains within till

Micromorphology is used to analyze a wide range of sediments. Many microstructures have, as yet, not been analyzed. Rotation structures are the least understood of microstructures: their origin and development forms the basis of this thesis. Direction of rotational movement helps understand formative deformational and depositional processes. Twenty-eight rotation structures were analyzed through two methods of data extraction: (a) angle of grain rotation measured from Nikon NIS software, and (b) visual analyses of grain orientation, neighbouring grainstacks, lineations, and obstructions. Data indicates antithetic rotation is promoted by lubrication, accounting for 79% of counter-clockwise rotation structures while 21 % had clockwise rotation. Rotation structures are formed due to velocity gradients in sediment. Subglacial sediments are sheared due to overlying ice mass stresses. The grains in the sediment are differentially deformed. Research suggests rotation structures are formed under ductile conditions under low shear, low water content, and grain numbers inducing grain-to-grain interaction.

HG 367.80-367.90

Dark grey sediment with clasts that range from small to medium. The clasts are mainly sub-rounded. Lineations are abundant with minor amounts of rotation structures and comet structures. Grain crushing can also be seen throughout the sample.

HG 176.10-176.20

Dark brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to large in size. Clast shape ranges from angular to sub-rounded. Lineations and rotation structures can commonly be seen throughout the sample. Comet structures, grain crushing, and fractured grains can also be seen in minor amounts.

MB-3-2

Brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to large in size. The clast shape ranges from angular to sub-rounded. Rotation structures are the most commonly seen micro-structure in this sample. Necking structures, comet structures, grain crushing and lineations can also be seen in minor amounts throughout the sample.

W-TYRE-003

Brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to large in size. The clast shape varies between angular and rounded. Rotation structures and necking structures are abundant throughout this sample. Rotation structures can be seen with and without a central grain. Comet structures, grain crushing, and lineations can also be seen in minor amounts.

ZW-1

Brown sediment with grains ranging from small to large in size. Grains range from sub-angular to sub-rounded in shape. Rotation structures and necking structures can commonly be seen in this sample. It also contains some lineations and comet structures. Grain crushing/stacking can also be seen in minor amounts.

RRC-1

Brown sediment with clasts ranging from small to large in size. Clast shape ranges from angular to sub-rounded. Lineations and rotation structures can be commonly seen throughout the sample. Minor amounts of comet structures, grain crushing and grain stacking can also be seen.

HG 186.15-186.25 Thin Section

Coarse grained sample with multiple fine grained domains. Clasts range from small to medium and sub-angular to sub-rounded. Mainly contains grain crushing (with grains crushed into one another) and short distance lineations. A few rotation structures are seen and fine grained sand domains can also be seen.

HG 186.9-187.0 D.E.

Coarse grained sediment with a few fine grained matrices. Brown sediment with small to medium sized clasts. Clasts range from sub-angular to sub-rounded. Organic material present. It contains rotation structures throughout as well as edge-to-edge grain crushing. Fine grained clay domains are present and lineations can also be seen. Minor amounts of grain stacking can also be seen.