Reparation or retribution: an investigation into regulatory compliance in planning

It is an axiom of good planning practice that procedure is informed by up-to-date research. Consequently, it is surprising to discover that there remains a dearth of specialised planning-enforcement literature relating to theory and implementation. In this paper an evaluation is given of the effectiveness of planning enforcement in Britain by reviewing existing legislative mechanisms and strategies employed by officials. Theoretical perspectives are drawn upon to suggest how the system might be improved through attention to the structural factors underpinning it.

Inhuman and Degrading Punishment, Dignity, and the Limits of Retribution

The recent judgment of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in Vinter and others v United Kingdom provides a much needed clarification of the parameters of the prohibition on inhuman and degrading punishment under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) as it applies to whole life orders of imprisonment under mandatory life sentences – essentially, life imprisonment without parole. The Grand Chamber’s judgment refines Strasbourg doctrine on life imprisonment and the prospect of release and illuminates key principles concerning inhuman and degrading punishment under Article 3 of the ECHR. This article considers the judgment’s profound significance in relation to both human rights and penology.

Time and retribution

Retributivists believe that punishment can be deserved, and that deserved punishment is intrinsically good. They also believe that certain crimes deserve certain quantities of punishment. On the plausible assumption that the overall amount of any given punishment is a function of its severity and duration, we might think that retributivists (qua retributivists) would be indifferent as to whether a punishment were long and light or short and sharp, provided the offender gets the overall amount of punishment he deserves. In this paper I argue against this, showing that retributivists should actually prefer shorter and more severe punishments to longer, gentler options. I show this by focusing on, and developing a series of interpretations of, the retributivist claim that not punishing the guilty is bad, focussing on the relationship between that badness and time. I then show that each interpretation leads to a preference for shorter over longer punishment.

"Swift and effective retribution" : the U.S. Sixth Fleet and the confrontation with Qaddafi /

Shipping list no.: 97-0159-P.

Divine penology : the philosophy of retribution and the doctrine of future punishment considered in the light of reason, science, revelation, and redemption /

Mode of access: Internet.

Three essays : On the intermediate state of the dead; The resurrection from the dead; and On the Greek terms rendered judge, judgment, condemned, condemnation, damned, damnation, etc. in the New Testament; with remarks on Mr. Hudson's letters in vindication of a future retribution, addressed to Mr. Hosea Ballou /

Mode of access: Internet.

A series of letters addressed to Rev. Hosea Ballou of Boston : being a vindication of the doctrine of a future retribution against principal arguments used by him, Mr. Balfour, and others /

Mode of access: Internet.

Familiar letters to a brother : on the final restoration of all mankind to holiness and happiness, through a righteous judgment, and an equitable retribution /

Mode of access: Internet.

An examination of the doctrine of future retribution : on the principles of morals, analogy and the Scriptures / by Hosea Ballou.

Includes index.

A system of temporal retribution, vindicated by various considerations drawn from scripture and observation microform /

Reproduction of original in: Acadia University. Library.

Future punishment : comprising four parochial sermons : with an introduction on the scriptural doctrine of retribution and an essay on prayers for the dead /

Bibliographical footnotes.

Familiar letters to a brother; in two series: on the final restoration of all mankind to holiness and happiness; through a righteous judgment and an equitable retribution.

Mode of access: Internet.

Below the ‘tip of the iceberg’: extra-legal responses to workplace sexual harassment

Despite longstanding and explicit legal frameworks for preventing and responding to sexual harassment, only a small proportion of those sexually harassed use legal avenues of redress to seek justice. In contrast to legal cases which constitute the ‘tip of the iceberg’, this study examines extra-legal strategies — the less visible but more frequent, ‘everyday’, formal and informal organizational practices. We report on a national prevalence survey conducted by the Australian Human Rights Commission which examined how ‘targets’ use formal organizational grievance mechanisms, and/or other informal methods to redress, resist or avoid workplace sexual harassment. The findings revealed that the majority of targets do not formally report it because of fear of retribution or that nothing will be done, but they sometimes use apparently proactive or assertive alternative strategies, such as seeking informal assistance and ‘dealing with the problem themselves’. These responses occur in the context of extra-legal facets of organizational life which affect the extent to which sexual harassment and other unfavorable and discriminatory acts are tolerated.

Roll the dice, rational agent : should extra-curial punishment mitigate an offender's sentence?

It was rugby league State of Origin night 2008 and a group of adults had descended upon a house in Eagleby, Brisbane to have some drinks and to celebrate the game. At 11pm that evening, Shane Thomas Davidson entered the bedroom of the homeowner’s 10-year-old son, TC. Davidson approached the bed and began to massage the boy’s penis under his clothing, which caused TC to wake. Davidson stated, ‘Show me how big your willy is and I’ll show you how big mine is’. TC refused the request and after a small period of time, left the bedroom and told his father what had happened...