Submission to the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government: Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas

The Institute of Public Health in Ireland is an all-island body which aims to improve health in Ireland by working to combat health inequalities and influence public policies in favour of health. The Institute promotes co-operation in research, training, information and policy in order to contribute to policies which tackle inequalities in health.   Over the past ten years the Institute has worked closely with the Department of Health and Children and the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety in Northern Ireland to build capacity for public health across the island of Ireland.   The Institute takes the view that health is determined by policies, plans and programmes in many sectors outside the health sector as well as being dependent on access to and availability of first class health services. The importance of other sectors is encapsulated in a social determinants of health perspective which recognises that health is largely shaped and influenced by the physical, social, economic and cultural environments in which people live, work and play. Figure 1 illustrates these multi-dimensional impacts on health and also serves to highlight the clear and inextricable links between health and sustainable development. Factors that impact on long-term sustainability will thus also impact on health.

Prime Property Institutions for a Subprime Era: Exploring Innovative Models of Residential Development and Finance

This paper breaks new ground toward contractual and institutional innovation in models of homeownership, equity building, and mortgage enforcement. Inspired by recent developments in the affordable housing sector and in other types of public financing schemes, this paper suggests extending institutional and financial strategies such as timeand place-based division of property rights, conditional subsidies, and credit mediation to alleviate the systemic risks of mortgage foreclosure. Alongside a for-profit shared equity scheme that would be led by local governments, we also outline a private market shared equity model, one of bootstrapping home buying with purchase options.

Competing and Conflicting Land Uses at the Rural-Urban Interface: Understanding the Impacts of Residential Development on Agricultural Landscapes

Rural communities are currently undergoing rapid restructuring as globalization impacts the future viability of many small towns. Agricultural regions throughout Canada, in particular, Niagara-on-the-Lake, are forced to adapt to changes within the industry. In addition to these challenges, sprawling residential developments from nearby urban centres are changing the dynamic of this town, resulting in conflicts between the residential and agricultural land uses. This thesis explores these conflicts from the perspective of the residents and the farmers. It was found that the initial sources of conflict related to noise-generating farm activities are no longer a concern, while the use of pesticide have become a source of contention among the residents. The farmers, alternately, were found to be proactive and strived to limit the potential for conflict with adjacent residents. Lastly, it was determined that planning legislation aggravates land use conflicts within Niagara-on-the-Lake and need to better address these land use conflicts.

A tapestry of land uses and land covers typify our study site. Here, a commercial farm surrounds a new residential development.

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DBI-0620409 and #DEB-9910514. This image is made available for non-commercial or educational use only.

Partnerships in sustainable urban development : experiences from Sweden and Finland

This thesis examines partnerships in sustainable urban development projects. Achievement of urban development requires the involvement of several parties. The cooperation of the actors of sustainable urban development is achieved by forming partnerships. The purpose of this study is to find solutions and best practices for the management of partnerships in sustainable residential development projects by examining partnerships and their success factors in sustainable urban development. The impact of the roles, responsibilities and interactions of actors taking part in the processes of creating sustainable urban development in outcomes of these development projects and thus on the overall success of accomplishing sustainable development raises the question of how to manage these collaborations. In order to be able to find the best ways of organizing sustainable urban development projects, it is crucial to have the knowledge of how the interactions between all the parties involved in the development can be managed successfully to give the best outcomes. The main research question of this study is: What are the characteristics of successful partnerships in sustainable urban development projects? In order to answer this question, the success factors in partnerships between actors of sustainable urban development are analyzed. In addition, challenges related to these partnerships are examined to get a more comprehensive view of the features of these collaborative ventures and the obstacles that have to be overcome to ensure the successfulness of cooperation. The research approach is multiple case study comprising four cases. The empirical data has been gathered through theme interviews from four different sustainable residential district projects in Sweden and Finland. A comparative analysis of the cases is performed, based on which seven success factors of partnerships in sustainable urban development supported by the prevailing theories are formulated. In addition, challenges faced by projects regarding the partnerships are discussed.

UK Zero Carbon Homes 2016 - Exemplary Development

In October 2008 UK government announced very ambitious commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of at least 34% by 2020 and by 80% by 2050 against a 1990 baseline. Consequently the government declares that new homes should be built to high environmental standards which means that from 2016 new homes will have to be built to a Zero Carbon standard. The paper sets out to present UK zero carbon residential development achieving the highest, Level 6 of Code for Sustainable Homes standard. Comprehensive information is provided about various environmental aspects of the housing development. Special attention is given to energy efficiency features of the houses and low carbon district heating solution which include biomass boiler, heat pumps, solar collectors and photovoltaic panels. The paper presents also challenges which designers and builders had to face delivering houses of the future.

PPG13 and the residential developer

This paper reviews the evidence in favour of the compact city and considers whether it is a viable policy option. Environmentalists, acadenics and politicians have all expressed strong support for the compact city as a basis for sustainable development. A review of the literature broadly confirms the claims made on its behalf, in particular that it is energy efficient and that it plays a crucial role in preventing rural land loss. It is further shown i) that there is nothing inevitable about the established pattern of urban dispersal, and ii) that although urban land is charaterised by a number of contstraints on development,it could in principle satisfy much of the projected demand for housing. Yet urban sprawl continues. Some of the reasons for this in the case of residential development are examined by comparing the residential development process with the principles of sustainable development. The general conclusion of the paper is that proposals for urban containment are likely to be strongly resisted by housebuilders.

Developing temporary manufacturing facilities for residential building: a case of the modern flying factory

The building industry is often berated for its short comings in meeting up with the demand for the provision of new housing. Addressing the need for new housing stock is a challenge that has led to debates among professional bodies, the construction sector, housing industry and government. The introduction of new manufacturing technologies is often offered as a solution, but the challenges of increasing the amount of off-site construction in residential building are well known and well-rehearsed. The modern flying factory (MFF) is a concept that involves the manufacture of specific components or modules in temporary off- or near- site locations using relatively simple and quick to set up and dismantle technologies and processes. The aim is to produce short batches and hence achieve some of the benefits of off-site manufacture on a much smaller scale than in dedicated factory environments. A case study of a modern flying factory being set up to produce pre-assembled utility cupboards for a large residential development in London is presented, involving participant observation and informal interviews with key actors on the design and operationalising of the process. The case reveals that although there are costs, efficiency and health and safety benefits to using MFF approaches, there are also challenges to overcome over the time required to set up and establish the process for relatively short runs, and in evaluating whether the MFF or traditional site based production is most effective for particular aspects of projects.

Rural Development Trends and Land Use Policy in Colorado: Contributors to Habitat Fragmentation?

Fragmentation of wildlife habitat is a primary driver of global species decline. A major contributor to habitat fragmentation in the United States is rural residential development. Rural development in Colorado is occurring at rates far greater than the national average. Additionally, the lack of state-level planning control coupled with a lack of comprehensive, effective planning tools at the local level creates conditions that contribute to habitat fragmentation in many rural counties. Greater oversight and involvement in land use planning is needed by the state level to assist county governments. This study provides five recommendations to strengthen Colorado state land use policy in order to reduce habitat fragmentation.

Perustajaosakkaan velvollisuudet ja liiketoiminta asuntotuotannossa

Tutkimus selvittää asuntorakentamista asuntokauppalain 2 luvun mukaisissa asuntorakentamisprojekteissa. Tutkimuksen kohteena ovat asunto osakeyhtiömuotoisen asuntorakentamisen prosessin ja lainsäädännön tarkasteleminen perustajaosakkaan näkökulmasta, sekä perustajaosakkaan liiketoimintamallit. Lisaksi tutkielma sisältää kansainvälistä vertailua lainsäädännön osalta. Kansainvälinen vertailu keskittyy asuntorakentamisen lainsäädännön eroavaisuuksiin Suomen ja naapurimaiden välillä. Tutkimuksen liiketoimintamalleissa tutustutaan pääsääntöisesti Skanska Oy konsernin toimintaan asuntotuotannossa. Tutkimuksesta selviää, että asuntorakentamisessa perustajaosakas tarvitsee monipuolista lain tuntemusta. Asuntorakentamisprosessi on monta ulottuvuutta sisältävä prosessi, jossa ostajan edut ovat suojattava lain vaatimissa määrin. Lisaksi asunnon ostajat saavat valvoa kollektiivisesti etujaan suhteessa perustajaosakkaaseen. Kansainvälinen vertailu osoittaa Suomen lainsäädännön olevan ostajan suojassa merkittävästi vahvempi, kuin erityisesti itäisten naapurimaidemme lainsäädäntö.

L’intégration du milieu naturel dans l’aménagement de quartiers de banlieue : le cas du Faubourg de la Pointe-aux-Prairies, Montréal

Les nombreux exemples réussis où l’aménagement du territoire intègre des milieux naturels nous ont amenée à nous questionner sur les techniques d’intégration des milieux naturels et les outils de planification disponibles au Québec. La présente recherche porte sur le volet environnemental du projet résidentiel le Faubourg de la Pointe-aux-Prairies à Montréal (FPP) situé dans l’Arrondissement Pointe-aux-Trembles/Rivière-des-Prairies/Montréal est. Un premier objectif relié aux résultats nous a permis d’analyser le taux de succès du quartier FPP à intégrer efficacement des préoccupations environnementales concernant la mise en valeur des milieux naturels. En nous basant sur le taux de conservation, l’intégrité écologique et les témoignages des intervenants de la Ville de Montréal, nous avons déterminé que le plan d’aménagement du projet présente un bilan environnemental mitigé. Un second objectif relié aux processus nous a permis de déterminer si les outils sollicités pendant la conception et la mise en œuvre du projet ont facilité l’intégration des milieux naturels. En nous basant sur les outils d’encadrement et proactifs utilisés tout au long de la mise en oeuvre, nous avons déterminé que ceux-ci sont inadaptés à certaines situations. La non intégration des milieux protégés dans les outils de planification, la destruction des milieux aquatiques avec l’accord du Ministère de l’environnement (MDDEP), le manque de vérification des ententes lors de l’attribution des certificats d’autorisation, l'absence de protection des milieux naturels terrestres et la difficulté d’évaluer les bénéfices économiques de l’intégration de la nature ont été les défis majeurs observés.