Software to productive and reproductive control of goats: PROCAPRI

PROCAPRI is a software to productive and reproductive control of goats developed with the aim of assisting the goat producers in their decisions, to make a representative data set of Brazilian goats production and providing research information. It has five modules: Administration, Association, UNESP, Maintenance, and Utilities. It has been available since October 1994, and it has been amply used, with 157 copies distributed until April 1998 in Brazil and other countries.

Negotiating collective and individual agency : a qualitative study of young women's reproductive health in rural India

The societal changes in India and the available variety of reproductive health services call for evidence to inform health systems how to satisfy young women's reproductive health needs. Inspired by Foucault's power idiom and Bandura's agency framework, we explore young women's opportunities to practice reproductive agency in the context of collective social expectations. We carried out in-depth interviews with 19 young women in rural Rajasthan. Our findings highlight how changes in notions of agency across generations enable young women's reproductive intentions and desires, and call for effective means of reproductive control. However, the taboo around sex without the intention to reproduce made contraceptive use unfeasible. Instead, abortions were the preferred method for reproductive control. In conclusion, safe abortion is key, along with the need to address the taboo around sex to enable use of "modern" contraception. This approach could prevent unintended pregnancies and expand young women's agency.

Clínica de ruminantes

O presente relatório surge na sequência da realização do estágio curricular na coo-perativa Fomento Extremeño Ovino Sociedad Agraria de Transformación no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária na Universidade de Évora. Este relatório apresenta-se dividido em duas partes. Na primeira são descritas as atividades desenvolvi-das no controlo reprodutivo, profilaxia médica e clínica médica. A segunda parte é cons-tituída por uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tétano em ovinos, patologia que tem especial importância nesta espécie devido aos procedimentos realizados no maneio ainda muito tradicionais, e no final são apresentados dois casos clínicos e a sua respetiva discussão à luz do estado de arte; Ruminants clinics Abstract: This report follows up on the completion of the internship at the Fomento Extre-meño Ovino Sociedad Agraria de Transformación as part of the Master Degree in Vete-rinary Medicine at the University of Évora. Thereby the present repor is divided into two parts. The first part describes the activities performed in reproductive control, medical prophylaxis and medical clinic. The second part is composed by a bibliographical review about tetanus in sheeps, a pathology that has special importance in this species due to animal management procedures performed wich are still very tradicional. Lastly, this re-port presents two clínical cases and its respective discussion according to presente knowledge.

A penectomia como técnica de controlo reprodutivo da espécie invasora Trachemys scripta em contexto zoológico

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Chemical identity and connections of medial preoptic area neurons expressing melanin-concentrating hormone during lactation

Lactation is an energy-demanding process characterized by massive food and water consumption, cessation of the reproductive cycle and induction of maternal behavior. During lactation, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) mRNA and peptide expression are increased in the medial preoptic area (MPO) and in the anterior paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Here we show that MCH neurons in the MPO coexpress the GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD-67 mRNA. We also show that MCH neurons in the MPO of female rats are innervated by neuropeptides that control energy homeostasis including agouti-related protein (AgRP), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Most of these inputs originate from the arcuate nucleus neurons. Additionally, using injections of retrograde tracers we found that CART neurons in the ventral premammillary nucleus also innervate the MPO. We then assessed the projections of the female MPO using injections of anterograde tracers. The MPO densely innervates hypothalamic nuclei related to reproductive control including the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial nucleus (VMHvl) and the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV). We found that the density of MCH-ir fibers is increased in the VMHvl and PMV during lactation. Our findings suggest that the expression of MCH in the MPO may be induced by changing levels of neuropeptides involved in metabolic control. These MCH/GABA neurons may, in turn, participate in the suppression of cyclic reproductive function and/or sexual behavior during lactation through projections to reproductive control sites. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Ventral Premammillary Nucleus Links Fasting-Induced Changes in Leptin Levels and Coordinated Luteinizing Hormone Secretion

Physiological conditions of low leptin levels like those observed during negative energy balance are usually characterized by the suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and fertility. Leptin administration restores LH levels and reproductive function. Leptin action on LH secretion is thought to be mediated by the brain. However, the neuronal population that mediates this effect is still undefined. The hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) neurons express a dense concentration of leptin receptors and project to brain areas related to reproductive control. Therefore, we hypothesized that the PMV is well located to mediate leptin action on LH secretion. To test our hypothesis, we performed bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the PMV in adult female rats. PMV-lesioned animals displayed a clear disruption of the estrous cycle, remaining in anestrus for 15-20 d. After apparent recovery of cyclicity, animals perfused in the afternoon of proestrus showed decreased Fos immunoreactivity in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and in gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons. PMV-lesioned animals also displayed decreased estrogen and LH secretion on proestrus. Lesions caused no changes in mean food intake and body weight up to 7 weeks after surgery. We further tested the ability of leptin to induce LH secretion in PMV-lesioned fasted animals. We found that complete lesions of the PMV precluded leptin stimulation of LH secretion on fasting. Our findings demonstrate that the PMV is a key site linking changing levels of leptin and coordinated control of reproduction.

Avaliação clínica pelo escore de Apgar modificado, concentração de lactato e glicemia em neonatos da espécie ovina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Procapri: Programa de gerenciamento de rebanhos caprinos - versão 2.0

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sobre a produção de Novas Rainhas e o acasalamento em Synoeca surinama (Vespidae; Polistinae: Epiponini)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Consolidation of international guidelines for the management of canine populations in urban areas and proposal of performance indicators

Consolidation of international guidelines for the management of canine populations in urban areas and proposal of performance indicators The objective of this study is to propose a generic program for the management of urban canine populations with suggestion of performance indicators. The following international guidelines on canine population management were revised and consolidated: World Health Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health, World Society for the Protection of Animals, International Companion Animal Management Coalition, and the Food and Agriculture Organization. Management programs should cover: situation diagnosis, including estimates of population size; social participation with involvement of various sectors in the planning and execution of strategies; educational actions to promote humane values, animal welfare, community health, and responsible ownership (through purchase or adoption); environmental and waste management to eliminate sources of food and shelter; registration and identification of animals; animal health care, reproductive control; prevention and control of zoonoses; control of animal commerce; management of animal behavior and adequate solutions for abandoned animals; and laws regulating responsible ownership, prevention of abandonment and zoonoses. To monitor these actions, four groups of indicators are suggested: animal population indicators, human/animal interaction indicators, public service indicators, and zoonosis indicators. The management of stray canine populations requires political, sanitary, ethologic, ecologic, and humanitarian strategies that are socially acceptable and environmentally sustainable. Such measures must also include the control of zoonoses such as rabies and leishmaniasis, considering the concept of "one health," which benefits both the animals and people in the community.

Estudo da implementação de rotinas de controlo reprodutivo em fêmeas bovinas Holstein frísia para optimização de alguns índices reprodutivos numa exploração leiteira da Ilha Terceira (Açores)

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária