Industrial solution business – transition from product to solution offering

The business logic in the manufacturing industry has changed in the 21st century. In the current industrial market, manufacturers are driven to provide more comprehensive offerings that go beyond the traditional product-orientation by providing capacity and availability for their customers. From incidental merchandise, services have become the core of manufacturers’ offerings with long-lasting service agreements over the life-cycles of their products. This change is driven both by the need of providers to grow and gain competitive advantage and by increased customer demand caused by customers’ outsourcing trends. The three key drivers for manufacturers’ service strategies are outsourcing trends, saturation of the installed base, and commoditization in product markets. Thus, manufacturers focus on providing industrial solutions which are delivered through relational processes with customers by using solution-driven business models. In the management of marketing activities, this can be regarded as closer customer relationships, service-dominant business logic, and collaboration in solving customers’ problems. However, there are few studies on comprehensive conceptualizations of a solution offering that include different elements and their roles, especially in the context of capital goods industry. Also the transition process needs further studies in a real life context. This study explores the transition process of an industrial company from product to solution business and, as an aid to managing the solution business, explicates the structure and management of an industrial solution offering. There are two themes, the industrial transition process and industrial solution offering. Regarding the industrial transition process, the aim is to understand the supplier view on the process and its execution and to determine the challenges related to the transition process. The industrial solution offering is discussed by its elements and characteristics, as well as management. Furthermore, a special type of build-own-operate-transfer business model is presented and its suitability in the industrial context analyzed. The study includes findings achieved by qualitative methods and from four case companies. Based on the results, it is tentatively suggested that in the industrial solution business, the transition from product to solution business is not a linear project but an evolving process that varies according to customer needs, which suggests that companies need to possess an ability to develop new business models for different customer needs. The industrial solution offering is dynamic as it evolves in collaboration according to the prevailing and latent customer needs, which suggest restructuring of the organization from a product-centric to a customer-centric one. Furthermore, based on the findings, the concept of industrial solutions is defined as an ongoing relational process to satisfy a customer’s particular business or operational requirements, and the concept of industrial solution offering as an entity comprising the customized goods, services, collaboration, and finance needed to fulfill the industrial solution. Finally, the study offers several managerial implications for industrial managers involved in the transition and management of the solution business and its offering.

Modélisation systémique d’une pratique infirmière d’interface en contexte de vulnérabilité sociale

Dans les services de première ligne des Centres de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS) au Québec, les infirmières sont des acteurs clés des programmes destinés à des populations vulnérables. Ces programmes créent des opportunités pour les infirmières de développer une pratique à l’interface du CSSS et des ressources de la communauté afin d’agir pour réduire la vulnérabilité sociale. Des infirmières commencent d’ailleurs à se mobiliser au-delà de leurs frontières disciplinaires, organisationnelles et sectorielles pour s’engager dans l’environnement de personnes vulnérables, ce que nous désignons ici comme pratique infirmière d’interface. Aucune étude n’a toutefois été repérée en regard de cette pratique infirmière en émergence. Fondée sur une perspective constructiviste et systémique, de même qu’une analyse des conceptions de théoriciennes infirmières sur la pratique, notre recherche doctorale avait pour but de modéliser la pratique infirmière d’interface en contexte de vulnérabilité sociale. Elle a également constitué un cas à partir duquel contribuer aux savoirs théoriques sur le concept de pratique en sciences infirmières. Une étude qualitative exploratoire a été entreprise dans trois CSSS d’une région urbaine. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés avec quinze infirmières. La pratique d’interface de deux infirmières a ensuite fait l’objet d’une année d’observation directe et participante, ce qui a permis de procéder à des entretiens informels avec des gestionnaires ainsi que des membres des équipes interprofessionnelles et communautaires. Une analyse de documents programmatiques et gouvernementaux a complété notre description du contexte de la pratique d’interface. Une analyse thématique amorcée en cours de collecte de données ainsi que la méthode de modélisation systémique de Le Moigne ont permis de soutenir la démarche interprétative et de rendre compte des résultats. Quatre thèmes inter-reliés qualifient la pratique infirmière d’interface. Le premier met en évidence une finalité d’autonomie qui se traduit comme exigence de conformité sociale à l’endroit des personnes vulnérables. Le second porte sur des processus d’engagement relationnels des infirmières pour créer des liens et mettre en relation la clientèle et les acteurs du milieu. Le troisième thème est celui de l’action stratégique de l’infirmière. Enfin, le quatrième fait état d’un espace contradictoire à l’intérieur duquel se déroule la pratique d’interface, lequel comporte un processus de (re)configuration identitaire pour les infirmières. Une réflexion approfondie sur nos résultats, appuyée sur des savoirs disciplinaires en sciences infirmières et en sciences sociales, souligne des dimensions essentielles à considérer pour poursuivre le développement du concept de pratique en sciences infirmières. Spécifiquement, notre thèse permet de réfléchir les concepts centraux de soin et d’environnement en sciences infirmières, en plus d’expliciter le caractère fondamental de deux autres composantes à intégrer dans nos conceptions disciplinaires de la pratique, soit les savoirs et les projets. Cette thèse démontre la pertinence de contribuer à la création d’un « réseau de savoirs » avec d’autres disciplines pour soutenir notre capacité de théoriser la pratique et de renforcer l’intervention en contexte de vulnérabilité sociale.

Le partage des connaissances en développement international : influence des processus relationnels sur les résultats et incidences sur le renforcement des capacités.

Le Canada consacre chaque année des milliards en aide internationale. Selon le Ministère des affaires étrangères, commerce et développement, l’aide déployée en 2013 s’est chiffrée à plus de 5,48 milliards de dollars. Dans chaque projet mis en œuvre dans les pays en développement, des ressources humaines donnent de leur temps et s’efforcent de contribuer au renforcement des capacités des organisations locales. Ces projets sont des initiatives de coopération technique ou renferment des composantes de coopération technique; les personnes qui y sont affectées doivent accomplir de multiples tâches, dont celle d’agent de partage de connaissances. Cette thèse explore ce phénomène en apportant un éclairage sur les processus relationnels sous-jacents aux échanges entre les personnes liées à ces initiatives, soient les conseillers volontaires expatriés et les membres des équipes locales qui accueillent de telles initiatives. Elle tend à appuyer l’influence marquée des relations interpersonnelles sur les résultats de partage de connaissances, sauf que la confiance, à elle seule, ne suffit pas pour atteindre des objectifs de développement durable. L’analyse des cas, s’appuyant principalement sur des entrevues semi-dirigées effectuées à Haïti et au Sénégal, nous permet d’affirmer l’importance de s’attarder à la capacité d’assimilation dynamique des parties au partage, mais également aux rôles des gestionnaires des organismes partenaires locaux dans leur engagement à réaliser des mandats visant le partage de connaissances.

Perspektiv på ålder i vardagslivets interaktioner

Perspective on age in everyday interactions The aim of the article is to discuss how ethnomethodology and (symbolic) interactionism may contribute to sociological studies on age in everyday interactions. A theoretical framework on age, ‘age-as-accomplished’, inspired by ethnomethodology and symbolic interactionist approach has been proposed by Laz (1998; 2003). Our comparison of these approaches show, that the perspectives are incompatible, for example with regard to the definitions of culture, interaction and meaning. As such issues are not discussed by Laz, the theoretical framework is lacking in transparency and clarity. Ultimately the definition of ‘age as accomplished’ is not congruent with the notions of meaning and interpretation as used by Laz. In some respects the perspectives may though be complementary and valuable in age studies, for example the detailed study of situated norms in ethnomethodology, as well as some new developments within (symbolic) interactionist perspectives focusing on social status, and issues of subordination and superordination as relational processes.

A transitividade em textos da propaganda política eleitoral gratuita televisionada: uma abordagem funcional

O corpus analisado neste trabalho é composto de cinqüenta textos de discursos proferidos no HPEG televisionado das eleições de 2002 no Estado do Pará. A pesquisa tem como base a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional, proposta por Halliday (1994), e o estudo sobre o Estilo Comunicativo do HPEG estudado por Albuquerque (1999). A proposta deste trabalho é investigar as escolhas léxico-gramaticais veiculadas nos discursos políticos para observar como o falante constrói as suas experiências de mundo nesses textos ao fazer suas escolhas no sistema de transitividade e de que maneira os tipos de mensagens do Estilo Comunicativo do HPEG se revelam na materialidade do texto. Comprovou-se que os políticos constroem as suas experiências de mundo mais por meio dos processos do ‘fazer’ e do ‘ser’. Essas escolhas são usadas como estratégias de persuasão, posto que, expressam a plataforma de trabalho do candidato e as ações já desenvolvidas em prol da comunidade. Elas também indicam as qualidades e capacidades do candidato, com o propósito de construir uma imagem que agrade ao eleitor.

Exploring sustainability through stakeholders' perspectives and hybrid water in the Swiss alps

Can the concept of water as a socio-natural hybrid and the analysis of different users’ perceptions of water advance the study of water sustainability? In this article, I explore this question by empirically studying sustainability values and challenges, as well as distinct types of water as identified by members of five water user groups in a case study region in the Swiss Alps. Linking the concept of water as a socio-natural hybrid with the different water users’ perspectives provided valuable insights into the complex relations between material, cultural, and discursive practices. In particular, it provided a clearer picture of existing water sustainability challenges and the factors and processes that hinder more sustainable outcomes. However, by focusing on relational processes and individual stakeholder perspectives, only a limited knowledge could be created regarding a) what a more sustainable water future would look like and b) how current unsustainable practices can be effectively transformed into more sustainable ones. I conclude by arguing that the concept of water as a socio-natural hybrid provides an interesting analytical tool for investigating sustainability questions; however, if it is to contribute to water sustainability, it needs to be integrated into a broader transdisciplinary research perspective that understands science as part of a deliberative and reflective process of knowledge co-production and social learning between all actor groups involved.

ACONSELHAMENTO PASTORAL E A LEITURA POPULAR DA BÍBLIA: UM DIÁLOGO COM O PENSAMENTO DE CARLOS MESTERS

O presente trabalho aborda as contribuições da Leitura Popular da Bíblia (LPB), na perspectiva de Carlos Mesters, para os processos de cuidado no Aconselhamento Pastoral (AP). Ao repensar criticamente os modelos de Aconselhamento Pastoral (AP), a partir dos principais autores publicados no Brasil sobre o tema, verifica-se que o como fazer do aconselhamento pastoral é fundamental. Da mesma forma que refletir o como usar a Bíblia nos processos de cuidado e auxílio no aconselhamento deveria estar diretamente relacionado ao saber escutar e discernir a necessidade do outro. Sendo assim, é proveitoso integrar à reflexão e prática do cuidado pastoral, enquanto aconselhamento, as perspectivas da espiritualidade e das ciências do comportamento humano com a metodologia da LPB. A LPB empresta seu modo hermenêutico de ver, julgar e agir e aproveita a pedagogia de Paulo Freire nos processos relacionais entre aconselhador/a e aconselhando/a. Este trabalho pretende assim propor uma leitura de mundo que parta da vida vivida levando em consideração a idade, etnia, situação socioeconômica, estado civil, gênero, etc., no sentido de proporcionar saúde integral ao ser humano. Este tipo de leitura articulada com as contribuições da LPB pode promover melhor as habilidades para a escuta que reconheça as relações no Aconselhamento Pastoral como um processo pedagógico e libertador entre aconselhador/a e aconselhando/a. Processo em que a leitura contextualizada, integral e libertadora da Bíblia e ciências humanas iluminam o caminho para uma vida mais humanizadora.

Using relational algebra on the specification of real world ETL processes

Modeling Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) processes of a Data Warehousing System has always been a challenge. The heterogeneity of the sources, the quality of the data obtained and the conciliation process are some of the issues that must be addressed in the design phase of this critical component. Commercial ETL tools often provide proprietary diagrammatic components and modeling languages that are not standard, thus not providing the ideal separation between a modeling platform and an execution platform. This separation in conjunction with the use of standard notations and languages is critical in a system that tends to evolve through time and which cannot be undermined by a normally expensive tool that becomes an unsatisfactory component. In this paper we demonstrate the application of Relational Algebra as a modeling language of an ETL system as an effort to standardize operations and provide a basis for uncommon ETL execution platforms.

A linear relational DEA model to evaluate two-stage processes with shared inputs

Two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency models identify the efficient frontier of a two-stage production process. In some two-stage processes, the inputs to the first stage are shared by the second stage, known as shared inputs. This paper proposes a new relational linear DEA model for dealing with measuring the efficiency score of two-stage processes with shared inputs under constant returns-to-scale assumption. Two case studies of banking industry and university operations are taken as two examples to illustrate the potential applications of the proposed approach.

Relational learning in children with deafness and cochlear implants

This four-experiment series sought to evaluate the potential of children with neurosensory deafness and cochlear implants to exhibit auditory-visual and visual-visual stimulus equivalence relations within a matching-to-sample format. Twelve children who became deaf prior to acquiring language (prelingual) and four who became deaf afterwards (postlingual) were studied. All children learned auditory-visual conditional discriminations and nearly all showed emergent equivalence relations. Naming tests, conducted with a subset of the: children, showed no consistent relationship to the equivalence-test outcomes.. This study makes several contributions: to the literature on stimulus equivalence. First; it demonstrates that both pre- and postlingually deaf children-can: acquire auditory-visual equivalence-relations after cochlear implantation, thus demonstrating symbolic functioning. Second, it directs attention to a population that may be especially interesting for researchers seeking to analyze the relationship. between speaker and listener repertoires. Third, it demonstrates the feasibility of conducting experimental studies of stimulus control processes within the limitations of a hospital, which these children must visit routinely for the maintenance of their cochlear implants.

Stimulus competition in affective and relational learning

Evaluative learning theory states that affective learning, the acquisition of likes and dislikes, is qualitatively different from relational learning, the learning of predictive relationships among stimuli. Three experiments tested the prediction derived from evaluative learning theory that relational learning, but not affective learning, is affected by stimulus competition by comparing performance during two conditional stimuli, one trained in a superconditioning procedure and the other in a blocking procedure. Ratings of unconditional stimulus expectancy and electrodermal responses indicated stimulus competition in relational learning. Evidence for stimulus competition in affective learning was provided by verbal ratings of conditional stimulus pleasantness and by measures of blink startle modulation. Taken together, the present experiments demonstrate stimulus competition in relational and affective learning, a result inconsistent with evaluative learning theory. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

Young children's performance on the balance scale: The influence of relational complexity

Three experiments investigated the effect of complexity on children's understanding of a beam balance. In nonconflict problems, weights or distances varied, while the other was held constant. In conflict items, both weight and distance varied, and items were of three kinds: weight dominant, distance dominant, or balance (in which neither was dominant). In Experiment 1, 2-year-old children succeeded on nonconflict-weight and nonconflict-distance problems. This result was replicated in Experiment 2, but performance on conflict items did not exceed chance. In Experiment 3, 3- and 4-year-olds succeeded on all except conflict balance problems, while 5- and 6-year-olds succeeded on all problem types. The results were interpreted in terms of relational complexity theory. Children aged 2 to 4 years succeeded on problems that entailed binary relations, but 5- and 6-year-olds also succeeded on problems that entailed ternary relations. Ternary relations tasks from other domains-transitivity and class inclusion-accounted for 93% of the age-related variance in balance scale scores. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).