Modelo para análise estratégica de indústrias baseadas em ciência

Este artigo apresenta um modelo para análise estratégica de indústrias em processo de capacitação tecnológica, baseadas em ciência e sediadas em países em desenvolvimento. O modelo é baseado em cinco elementos principais: regime tecnológico, estrutura mercadológica, processo organizacional, conhecimentos e recursos disponíveis, e papel do governo. Ele pode ser aplicado tanto no nível da indústria como no nível da empresa, e visa apoiar o alinhamento das estratégias de inovação à estratégia geral da empresa. Aplicado à indústria brasileira de vacinas, o modelo permitiu evidenciar limitações no regime tecnológico e nos processos organizacionais dos produtores brasileiros, bem como identificar oportunidades de crescimento mercadológico.

Dimensões da imitação entre empresas: um estudo na indústria de transformação brasileira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as dimensões do construto imitação entre empresas e propor um procedimento operacional para sua mensuração nos setores empresariais. A imitação foi conceituada como cópia de competências. Sua operacionalização foi feita pela facilidade de compreendê-las. Colheram-se as percepções de 112 gestores de 14 setores da economia brasileira no Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se a base de dados da Federação da Indústria do estado de São Paulo (Fiesp). As dimensões subjacentes ao construto foram identificadas pela análise fatorial exploratória. Os resultados indicam que a imitação em um setor tende a ser maior quanto menos se realizam atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), menor é a importância do grau de escolaridade nos processos produtivos, mais baixo é o conteúdo tecnológico dos produtos e processos e menos relevante é a montagem dos produtos

Colaboração em inovação: parceiros ou concorrentes?

Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da Empresa

A co-evolução dos elementos do sistema setorial de inovação do setor automotivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Coevolução dos elementos do sistema setorial de inovação do setor automotivo

Esta obra parte do pressuposto de que os processos de mudança tecnológica dependem não só das iniciativas de inovação promovidas pelas empresas, mas de diversos outros fatores que as sustentam. E por terem um caráter sistêmico, esses fatores coevoluem com o ambiente em que estão inseridos. A partir dessa visão, o economista Lourenço Galvão Diniz Faria analisa as dimensões do Sistema Setorial de Inovação (SSI) do setor automotivo - a demanda, o regime tecnológico e a base de conhecimento, os atores e as instituições envolvidas. Por meio de uma análise multidimensional, o autor busca compreender de que forma essas dimensões se relacionam entre si e definem os movimentos de todo o sistema. São apresentadas questões teóricas em torno dos processos de inovação e sua importância para a competitividade das empresas e o crescimento econômico. Também se discute o conceito de sistemas de inovação. No capítulo final do livro, o autor aplica a metodologia do SSI ao setor automotivo nos últimos dez anos, possibilitando uma visão sobre as diversas mudanças pelas quais o sistema vem passando, como a incorporação da microeletrônica aos automóveis, o investimento em alternativas de propulsão e as alterações na relação entre montadoras e determinados tipos de fornecedores, o que tem levado a um regime de coparticipação no desenvolvimento dos veículos. O livro demonstra, enfim, o significativo crescimento da complexidade e do dinamismo do SSI na fabricação de automóveis

Variabilidade do regime de monções sobre o Brasil: o clima presente e projeções para um cenário com 2xCO2 usando o modelo MIROC

Este trabalho investiga a variabilidade do Sistema de Monções da América do Sul (SMAS) sobre o Brasil com particular interesse na região do cerrado brasileiro. O início, final e total de precipitação durante as monções de verão são examinados utilizando estimativas de precipitação por satélite (pêntadas) do Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) entre 1979-2004. Analogamente, as características do regime de monção simuladas pelo modelo climático global acoplado MIROC (Model for interdisciplinary Research on Climate) do IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change) são examinadas em dois cenários distintos: o clima do século XX (1981-2000) e o clima em uma condição com o dobro da concentração atual de CO2 (2xCO2) na atmosfera (2061-2080). Mostra-se que a variabilidade espacial do início da monção de verão sobre o cerrado na simulação do clima do século XX pelo MIROC corresponde bem às observações. Além disso, há indicação de uma mudança das caudas da distribuição sazonal da precipitação no Cerrado para um cenário com 2xCO2, comparativamente com o clima presente. Este resultado sugere uma mudança na probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos extremos (secos ou úmidos) em um cenário com 2xCO2 sobre o cerrado, o que de acordo com o MIROC, indica uma maior exposição da região às conseqüências de possíveis mudanças climáticas resultantes do aumento de gases de efeito estufa.

Melting Regime of the Anionic Phospholipid DMPG: New Lamellar Phase and Porous Bilayer Model

Aqueous dispersions of the anionic phospholipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) at pH above the apparent pK of DMPG and concentrations in the interval 70-300 mM have been investigated by small (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized optical microscopy. The order. disorder transition of the hydrocarbon chains occurs along an interval of about 10 degrees C (between T(m)(on) similar to 20 degrees C and T(m)(off) similar to 30 degrees C). Such melting regime was previously characterized at lower concentrations, up to 70 mM DMPG, when sample transparency was correlated with the presence of pores across the bilayer. At higher concentrations considered here, the melting regime persists but is not transparent. Defined SAXS peaks appear and a new lamellar phase L(p) with pores is proposed to exist above 70 mM DMPG, starting at similar to 23 degrees C (similar to 3 degrees C above T(m)(on)) and losing correlation after T(m)(off). A new model for describing the X-ray scattering of bilayers with pores, presented here, is able to explain the broad band attributed to in-plane correlation between pores. The majority of cell membranes have a net negative charge, and the opening of pores across the membrane tuned by ionic strength, temperature, and lipid composition is likely to have biological relevance.

The mass media destabilizes the cultural homogenous regime in Axelrod`s model

An important feature of Axelrod`s model for culture dissemination or social influence is the emergence of many multicultural absorbing states, despite the fact that the local rules that specify the agents interactions are explicitly designed to decrease the cultural differences between agents. Here we re-examine the problem of introducing an external, global interaction-the mass media-in the rules of Axelrod`s model: in addition to their nearest neighbors, each agent has a certain probability p to interact with a virtual neighbor whose cultural features are fixed from the outset. Most surprisingly, this apparently homogenizing effect actually increases the cultural diversity of the population. We show that, contrary to previous claims in the literature, even a vanishingly small value of p is sufficient to destabilize the homogeneous regime for very large lattice sizes.

REPETRO - Regime Aduaneiro Especial de Importação e Exportação de Bens Destinados à Pesquisa e Lavra de Petróleo e Gás: análise dos entraves e propostas de soluções

REPETRO, the special tax regime for importing and exporting goods for the exploration and drilling of oil and gas, aims at bringing foreign assets to Brazil enjoying a suspension or even an exemption of taxes, so that Brazilian industry may profit from about 8 billion American dollars in investments. The creation of normative devices as well as the management of the REPETRO model are under the exclusive responsibility of the Brazilian Internal Revenue Services. REPETRO was created in 1999 and is composed of the following customs treatments: importation of goods with suspension of taxes by use of the drawback special regime, suspension mode for national exporting industry; exportation with fictitious exit for the national industry; temporary admission of goods or assets used in oil exploration and production, attending to the needs of both the national and foreign market. Considering the inability of the Brazilian government in restructuring its foreign trade model so that a strong investment in technology could provide for the sector¿s needs, we must ask how we can change REPETRO to help the various companies in the oil business? The issue is very important for one of our main economic activities, though not enough studied. The energy sector has a strategic importance for the development and the economic independence of any country. The winds of globalization lead Brazil to open its economy in the last decade and the national policy for exploration and drilling (E&D) was altered. The government created a new agency dedicated to market control and energy policies, the National Agency for Oil and Biofuels (ANP). With the opening of the market, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras, the Brazilian giant, lost the monopoly of the oil business. The P-50 Platform, with a capacity for 180,000 barrels per day, was imported based on REPETRO. When it began operating on April 21st, 2006, Brazil achieved self-sufficiency in oil production. The present work intends to estimate the main variables affecting the importation and exportation of goods and assets for E&D, showing how REPETRO works. We also intend to look at the results yielded by the REPETRO model for the development of the production of oil and gas in Brazil, as well as show proposals for its modernization. It has been established that even though since its implementation the REPETRO model has brought fiscal advantages through the reduction of tax costs relating to foreign commerce operations and the incentive of investments in the E&D area with the increase in the national oil production there remain the following limitations: lack of preparation and of knowledge of the model; lack of adjustement of the model to the reality of actitity of E&D of oil and gas; taxes over the pre-operational stage or investment in oil production stage; non-allowance of full access by the national industry to the supply of goods and products relating to the industrialization of goods allowed by REPETRO; other fiscal and administrative difficulties. We conclude that the REPETRO model is important for the development of the area of E&D of oil and gas, but not completely effective. It is necessary to change it or create a new model based on a new perspective of the customs treatment of the activities of exploration and production, minimizing administrative procedures relating to the operations of exportation and importation.

O efeito do regime hidrológico do semiárido na composição de espécies durante dominância de cianobactérias em um reservatório tropical

The potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies are spread across the globe, resulting in the loss of water quality and adverse effects on human health. In arid and semiarid regions, the hydrologic regime characterized by an annual cycle of drought and rain, change the volume and the retention time of the reservoir. Such changes affect the limnological characteristics and causing changes in composition and biomass community of cyanobacteria. The reservoir Cruzeta (Zmax = 8.7 m) is a eutrophic water supply source located in the semiarid tropical (Northeast Brazil). Raised the hypothesis that the hydrological regime of semi-arid tropical is a determining factor in the availability of resources in eutrophic water sources, which influences the composition of dominant species of cyanobacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in biomass and species composition of cyanobacteria for two annual hydrological cycles and evaluate factors drivers. The study was divided into five distinct periods (dry 2010, rain 2011, dry 2011, rain 2012, dry 2012). The dominant group found in all periods was Cyanobacteria (99% of total biomass), which contributed to the low diversity. The filamentous species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was present at both points in almost every study. The colonial species Microcystis panniformis and Sphaerocavum brasiliensis dominated only in periods with lower volumes of water. The diatoms contribute more to the biomass during the period of severe drought. The point near the dam (P1) had phytoplankton biomass larger than the point near the tributary (P2). The dominant species of colonial cyanobacteria lasted until the overflow in P1, and P2 this dominance was until the first rains. The redundancy analysis indicated that physical factors such as light availability and water level were the main factors driving the seasonal succession of phytoplankton. The composition of phytoplankton in spring was alternated by species of filamentous cyanobacteria in conditions of poor stability of the water column, such as Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and colonial species under conditions of high stability of the water column, such as Microcystis panniformis and Sphaerocavum brasiliensis. The extremes of torrential rains and severe droughts, governed by the hydrological regime of the semi-arid region led to the availability of resources in the watershed, directing the spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton in the reservoir Cruzeta

Respostas morfogênicas e estruturais de gramíneas tropicais em regime de corte no nordeste brasileiro

The production of forage grasses is directly related to the morphogenesis. The knowledge of the morphogenetic and structural variables of forage plants is important for determining appropriate conditions of grazing livestock to ensure efficient and sustainable. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural responses of three genera of grasses, Brachiaria, Panicum and Cenchrus in a cutting regime. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications and six treatments. After each section were evaluated for forage production, appearance and elongation rates of leaves and stem, phyllochron, final leaf length, number of living leaves, leaf lifespan, leaf senescence rate, tiller density and tiller dynamics. On forage yield the highest values were obtained in cultivars Xaraes, Piata and Massai. The tiller density was higher for cv Massai. It is concluded that the cultivars of Panicum and Brachiaria had a higher tillering dynamics in increasing the turnover rate of tissues that are indicators of forage production, assuming that the cultivars of these genera are predisposed to use forage in the Northeast

Multifractal regime transition in a modified minority game model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Photorefractive two-wave mixing phase coupling measurement in a self-stabilized recording regime

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O regime global da propriedade intelectual e a questão do desenvolvimento: o poder dos países em desenvolvimento no campo multilateral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Temperature and thermal regime effects on the specific dynamic action of Bothrops alternatus (Serpentes, Viperidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)