Impact of online channel use on customer revenues and costs to serve:considering product portfolios and self-selection

Developing a strategy for online channels requires knowledge of the effects of customers' online use on their revenue and cost to serve, which ultimately influence customer profitability. The authors theoretically discuss and empirically examine these effects. An empirical study of retail banking customers reveals that online use improves customer profitability by increasing customer revenue and decreasing cost to serve. Moreover, the revenue effects of online use are substantially larger than the cost-to-serve effects, although the effects of online use on customer revenue and cost to serve vary by product portfolio. Self-selection effects also emerge and can be even greater than online use effects. Ignoring self-selection effects thus can lead to poor managerial decision-making.

Complexity Optimization in Product Development with Modularization

A company’s competence to manage its product portfolio complexity is becoming critically important in the rapidly changing business environment. The continuous evolvement of customer needs, the competitive market environment and internal product development lead to increasing complexity in product portfolios. The companies that manage the complexity in product development are more profitable in the long run. The complexity derives from product development and management processes where the new product variant development is not managed efficiently. Complexity is managed with modularization which is a method that divides the product structure into modules. In modularization, it is essential to take into account the trade-off between the perceived customer value and the module or component commonality across the products. Another goal is to enable the product configuration to be more flexible. The benefits are achieved through optimizing complexity in module offering and deriving the new product variants more flexibly and accurately. The developed modularization process includes the process steps for preparation, mapping the current situation, the creation of a modular strategy and implementing the strategy. Also the organization and support systems have to be adapted to follow-up targets and to execute modularization in practice.

Decision making in the product portfolio: methods adopted by Brazil?s innovative companies

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Yrityksen arvoa lisäävä tuotekehitys Case Ovako Imatra

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tapaustutkimuksen avulla analysoida case yrityksen tuotekehitystoiminnan menestyksen kulmakivet ja edellytykset yrityksen arvon lisäämiseksi. Case osa toteutettiin kolmen toisiaan tukevan aineiston avulla. Tiedonkeruumenetelminä olivat haastattelu, kyselytutkimussekä yrityksessä toteutettujen projektien analysointi. Tutkielman teoriaosan ensimmäisessä vaiheessa analysoitiin tuotekehityksen avaintekijöitä. Käsittelyn lähtökohtana toimi kolme tuotekehityksen perustekijää: tuotestrategia, kehitysprosessi ja saatavilla olevat resurssit. Teoriaosuudessa analysoitiin myös tuotekehitystoiminnan menestyksen mittaamista. Kolmas osa kirjallisuusosuudessa on tuotekehitykseen olennaisesti kuuluva riskien tunnistaminen ja hallinta. Tutkielman empiirisessä osiossa nostettiin esiin kohdeyrityksen tuotekehitystoiminnan tärkeimmät tekijät. Tulokseksi saatiin, että asiakasyhteistyö, tuotteen laadun varmistava projektin toteutus sekä resurssien määrä määrittävät pitkälti tuotekehitystoiminnan tason yrityksessä. Näiden tekijöiden onnistuneella yhteensovittamisella yritys pystyy säilyttämään kilpailuasemansa. Pitkän aikavälin arvoa lisäävä tuotekehitystoiminta edellyttää edellä olleiden tekijöiden ohella myös panostusta innovatiivisuuteen, riskinhallintanäkökulman huomioimiseen projektien valinnassa sekä tuotetun arvon mittaamiseen. Kilpailuedun saavuttaminen uusilla innovatiivisilla tuotteilla, joustavuuden lisääminen projekteihin sekä oppiminen toteutetuista hankkeista ovat avaintekijöitä tulevaisuuden menestykselle

The Dynamic Customer Portfolio Method in Customer Relationship Management

Tutkielman tavoitteena on määritellä keskeiset ja sopivat asiakasportfoliomallit ja asiakasmatriisit asiakassuhteen määrittämiseen. Tutkimus keskittyy asiakassuhteen arvottamiseen ja avainasiakkaiden määrittämiseen kohdeyrityksessä. Keskeisimmät ja sopivimmat asiakasportfliomallit huomioidaan asiakkaiden arvioinnissa. Tutkielman teoriaosassa esitellään tunnetuimmat ja käytetyimmät asiakasportfoliomallit ja matriisit alan kirjallisuuden perusteella. Tämän lisäksi asiakasportfoliomalleihin yhdistetään näkökulmia suhdemarkkinoinnin, asiakkuuksien johtamisen ja tuoteportfolioiden teorioista. Keskeisimmät kirjallisuuden lähteet ovat johtamisen ja markkinoinnin alalta. Tutkielman empiriaosassa esitellään kohdeyritys ja sen tämän hetkinen asiakassuhteiden johtamiskäytäntö. Lisäksi tehdään parannusehdotuksia kohdeyrityksen nykyiseen asiakassuhteiden arvottamismenetelmään jotta asiakassuhteiden arvon laskeminen vastaisi mahdollisimman hyvin kohdeyrityksen nykyisiä tarpeita. Asiakassuhteen arvon määrittämiseksi käytetään myös fokusryhmähaastattelua. Avainasiakkaat määritellään ja tilannetta havainnollistetaan sijoittamalla avainasiakkaat asiakasportfolioon.

Tuoteportfolion hallinnointiprosessin erityispiirteet lääketeollisuusyrityksessä – tapaustutkimus

Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten lääketeollisuusyritys toteuttaa tuoteportfolioidensa hallinnointia ja miten tämän caseyrityksen portfolioprosessi vastaa kirjallisuuden näkemystä tuoteportfolion hallinnoinnista. Tutkimusongelmaa lähestyttiin tapaustutkimuksella caseyrityksen portfolioprosessista, ja tätä prosessia verrattiin kirjallisuuden näkemykseen aiheesta. Empiiristä aineistoa kerättiin pääosin teema- ja lomakehaastatteluilla caseyrityksen projektin avainhenkilöiltä. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin portfolioprosessin olevan vaiheittainen toimintamalli, jonka tavoitteena on hankkia mahdollisimman kannattava tuotevalikoima. Caseyrityksen portfolioprosessi vastasi pääosin aiheen teorian kuvaamaa mallia, mutta prosessia ja etenkin karsintakriteereitä monipuolistamalla voidaan tulevaisuudessa saavuttaa parempia tuloksia. Lääketeollisuudella toimialana on tiettyjä ominaispiirteitä, mutta nämä eivät suoraan näy varsinaisessa portfolioprosessissa. Kuitenkin esimerkiksi erityyppisten liiketoimintayksiköiden tarpeet olisi syytä huomioida tuoteportfolion hallinnointiprosessissa.

Gestão de portfólio de produtos: práticas adotadas por uma empresa de base tecnológica de médio porte localizada na cidade de São Carlos, SP

In the context of the product development process (PDP), portfolio management plays an important role by determing the set of products that a company uses to compete. Due to its characteristics, performing continuous technological forecasting activities for developing and transferring technologies to their products through the PDP, this tends to make portfolio management a complex activity for products at these companies. This paper’s objective was to identify practices for product portfolio management in a medium-sized technology-based firm located in São Carlos, SP. Qualitative research was used and it was operationalized through a case study. Among the main results, it was noted that decisions on product portfolio depend mainly on the perception of senior management and the financial analyzes constitute the main method used for supporting the decision.

A methodology for the generation and evaluation of biorefinery process chains, in order to identify the most promising biorefineries for the EU

The topic of bioenergy, biofuels and bioproducts remains at the top of the current political and research agenda. Identification of the optimum processing routes for biomass, in terms of efficiency, cost, environment and socio-economics is vital as concern grows over the remaining fossil fuel resources, climate change and energy security. It is known that the only renewable way of producing conventional hydrocarbon fuels and organic chemicals is from biomass, but the problem remains of identifying the best product mix and the most efficient way of processing biomass to products. The aim is to move Europe towards a biobased economy and it is widely accepted that biorefineries are key to this development. A methodology was required for the generation and evaluation of biorefinery process chains for converting biomass into one or more valuable products that properly considers performance, cost, environment, socio-economics and other factors that influence the commercial viability of a process. In this thesis a methodology to achieve this objective is described. The completed methodology includes process chain generation, process modelling and subsequent analysis and comparison of results in order to evaluate alternative process routes. A modular structure was chosen to allow greater flexibility and allowing the user to generate a large number of different biorefinery configurations The significance of the approach is that the methodology is defined and is thus rigorous and consistent and may be readily re-examined if circumstances change. There was the requirement for consistency in structure and use, particularly for multiple analyses. It was important that analyses could be quickly and easily carried out to consider, for example, different scales, configurations and product portfolios and so that previous outcomes could be readily reconsidered. The result of the completed methodology is the identification of the most promising biorefinery chains from those considered as part of the European Biosynergy Project.

Technology is Set to Change Real Estate Forever

Major developments in the technological environment can become commonplace very quickly. They are now impacting upon a broad range of information-based service sectors, as high growth Internet-based firms, such as Google, Amazon, Facebook and Airbnb, and financial technology (Fintech) start-ups expand their product portfolios into new markets. Real estate is one of the information-based service sectors that is currently being impacted by this new type of competitor and the broad range of disruptive digital technologies that have emerged. Due to the vast troves of data that these Internet firms have at their disposal and their asset-light (cloud-based) structures, they are able to offer highly-targeted products at much lower costs than conventional brick-and-mortar companies.

Change & flexibility: the role of serviced office space in corporate real estate portfolios and office markets

With the increasing pace of change, organisations have sought new real estate solutions which provide greater flexibility. What appears to be required is not flexibility for all uses but appropriate flexibility for the volatile, risky and temporal part of a business. This is the essence of the idea behind the split between the core and periphery portfolio. The serviced office has emerged to fill the need for absolute flexibility. This market is very diverse in terms of the product, services and target market. It has grown and gained credibility with occupiers and more recently with the property investment market. Occupiers similarly use this space in a variety of ways. Some solely occupy serviced space while others use it to complement their more permanent space. It therefore appears that the market is fulfilling the role of providing periphery space for at least some of the occupiers. In all instances the key to this space is a focus on financial and tenurial flexibility which is not provided by other types of business space offered.

How brand portfolios have changed:a study of grocery suppliers brands from 1994 to 2004

This study examines the changes in brand structures based on a repeat audit of brand portfolios by leading grocery product suppliers. It compares results from content analyses of four hundred leading suppliers' brands sold to Tesco and Sainsbury's in 1994 and 2004. The brand structures used have changed although not uniformly in extent or direction. There is now more complexity in the way brand names are used. An extended typology of brand structures is incorporated. Propositions drawn from latest thinking on the use of brand portfolios are compared with the findings implications discussed.

The impact of portfolio diversification on trading rule profits:some evidence for UK share portfolios

This paper demonstrates how the autocorrelation structure of UK portfolio returns is linked to dynamic interrelationships among the component securities of that portfolio. Moreover, portfolio return autocorrelation is shown to be an increasing function of the number of securities in the portfolio. Since the security interrelationships seemed to be more a product of their history of non-synchronous trading than of systematic industry-related phenomena, it should not be possible to exploit the high levels of return persistence using trading rules. We show that rules designed to exploit this portfolio autocorrelation structure do not produce economic profits.

Applying Platform Design to Improve Product-Service Systems Collaborative Development

Part 3: Product-Service Systems

Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Activities Of Methanolic Extract From A Neglected Agricultural Product: Corn Cobs.

Neglected agricultural products (NAPs) are defined as discarded material in agricultural production. Corn cobs are a major waste of agriculture maize. Here, a methanolic extract from corn cobs (MEC) was obtained. MEC contains phenolic compounds, protein, carbohydrates (1.4:0.001:0.001). We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of MEC. Furthermore, its antiproliferative property against tumor cells was assessed through MTT assays and proteins related to apoptosis in tumor cells were examined by western blot. MEC showed no hydroxyl radical scavenger capacity, but it showed antioxidant activity in Total Antioxidant Capacity and DPPH scavenger ability assays. MEC showed higher Reducing Power than ascorbic acid and exhibited high Superoxide Scavenging activity. In tumor cell culture, MEC increased catalase, metallothionein and superoxide dismutase expression in accordance with the antioxidant tests. In vivo antioxidant test, MEC restored SOD and CAT, decreased malondialdehyde activities and showed high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity in animals treated with CCl4. Furthermore, MEC decreased HeLa cells viability by apoptosis due an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3 active. Protein kinase C expression increased was also detected in treated tumor cells. Thus, our findings pointed out the biotechnological potential of corn cobs as a source of molecules with pharmacological activity.

Systematic Management of Variability in UML-based Software Product Lines

This paper presents SMarty, a variability management approach for UML-based software product lines (PL). SMarty is supported by a UML profile, the SMartyProfile, and a process for managing variabilities, the SMartyProcess. SMartyProfile aims at representing variabilities, variation points, and variants in UML models by applying a set of stereotypes. SMartyProcess consists of a set of activities that is systematically executed to trace, identify, and control variabilities in a PL based on SMarty. It also identifies variability implementation mechanisms and analyzes specific product configurations. In addition, a more comprehensive application of SMarty is presented using SEI's Arcade Game Maker PL. An evaluation of SMarty and related work are discussed.