Poverty in perception : a study of the twentieth-century prime ministers of Australia and New Zealand

Australia and New Zealand, as English-speaking nations with dominant white populations, present an ethnic anomaly not only in South East Asia, but also in the Southern Hemisphere. Colonised by predominantly workingclass British immigrants from the late eighteenth century, an ethnic and cultural connection grew between these two countries even though their indigenous populations and ecological environments were otherwise very different. Building a new life in Australia and New Zealand, the colonists shared similar historic perceptions of poverty – perceptions from their homelands that they did not want to see replicated in their new adopted countries. Dreams of a better life shaped their aspirations, self-identity and nationalistic outlook. By the twentieth century, national independence and self-government had replaced British colonial rule. The inveterate occurrence of poverty in Australia and New Zealand had created new local perspectives and different perceptions of, and about, poverty. This study analyses what relationship existed between the political directions adopted by the twentieth-century prime ministers of Australia and New Zealand and their perceptions of poverty. Using the existential phenomenological theory and methodology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the study adds to the body of knowledge about poverty in Australia and New Zealand by revealing the structure and origin of the poverty perceptions of the twentieth-century prime ministers.

William Ewart Gladstone, prime minister of England. A political and literary biography.

Mode of access: Internet.

Menu - Dinner given by the Prime Minister of Canada The Right Honourable Brian Mulroney

A menu from a dinner given by The Right Honourable Brian Mulroney and Mrs. Mila Mulroney during a visit by the Prime Minister of the Italian Republic, Giulio Andreotti. The dinner was held March 8, 1992 at The Westin Harbour Castle in Toronto and features Inniskillin wines.

Proceedings at the unveiling of the statute of John Sandfield Macdonald, first prime minister of Ontario in the Queen's park, Toronto, November 16th, 1909.

Mode of access: Internet.

William Ewart Gladstone, prime minister of England, a political and literary biography.

Mode of access: Internet.

Life of William Pitt : late prime minister of Great Britain,

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoirs of Maximillian de Bethune, Duke of Sully, Prime Minister of Henry the Great ... : to which is annexed the Trial of Francis Ravaillac, for the murder of Henry the Great.

Includes index.

A narrative of the conversion and death of Count Struensee : formerly Prime Minister of Denmark /

"Works recently published by C. & J. Rivington": [2] p. at end.

Memoirs of Maximilian de Bethune : Duke of Sully, Prime Minister of Henry the Great : to which is annexed The trial of Francis Ravaillac for the murder of Henry the Great /

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoirs of Maximilian de Bethune, Duke of Sully, Prime Minister of Henry the Great : to which is annexed, The trial of Francis Ravaillac, for the murder of Henry the Great /

Includes bibliographical references.

Correspondence of Sir John Macdonald; selections from the correspondence of the Right Honourable Sir John Alexander Macdonald,G. C. B., first prime minister of the Dominion of Canada,

Mode of access: Internet.

Distance and Proximity in Service to the Empire: Ulster and New Zealand between the Wars

This essay uses the concepts of ‘distance’ and ‘proximity’ to investigate and assess perceptions of community, nation and empire in inter-war New Zealand and Ulster (as well as Ireland and Northern Ireland) within a British imperial context, and explores the extent to which service of the empire (for example in the First World War) promoted both notions of imperial unity and local autonomy. It focuses on how these perceptions were articulated in the inter-war years during visits to Northern Ireland by three New Zealand premiers – Massey, Forbes and Coates – and to New Zealand by the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, Lord Craigavon. It discusses the significant ways in which distance from their ‘home base’ and proximity to expatriate communities (in Craigavon's case) and Irish unionists and nationalists (in the case of the New Zealand premiers) inflected public statements during their visits. By examining these inter-war visits and investigating the rhetoric used and the cultural demonstrations associated with them, the factors of both distance and proximity can be used to evaluate similarities and difference across two parts of the empire. Thus, we can throw some light on the nature and dynamics of British imperial identity in the early twentieth century.