Precedent-free fault isolation in a diesel engine EGR valve system

In this paper, a framework for isolating unprecedented faults for an EGR valve system is presented. Using normal behavior data generated by a high fidelity engine simulation, the recently introduced Growing Structure Multiple Model System (GSMMS) is used to construct models of normal behavior for an EGR valve system and its various subsystems. Using the GSMMS models as a foundation, anomalous behavior of the entire system is then detected as statistically significant departures of the most recent modeling residuals from the modeling residuals during normal behavior. By reconnecting anomaly detectors to the constituent subsystems, the anomaly can be isolated without the need for prior training using faulty data. Furthermore, faults that were previously encountered (and modeled) are recognized using the same approach as the anomaly detectors.

Precedent-free fault isolation in a diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation system

In this paper, a recently introduced model-based method for precedent-free fault detection and isolation (FDI) is modified to deal with multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) systems and is applied to an automotive engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. Using normal behavior data generated by a high fidelity engine simulation, the growing structure multiple model system (GSMMS) approach is used to construct dynamic models of normal behavior for the EGR system and its constituent subsystems. Using the GSMMS models as a foundation, anomalous behavior is detected whenever statistically significant departures of the most recent modeling residuals away from the modeling residuals displayed during normal behavior are observed. By reconnecting the anomaly detectors (ADs) to the constituent subsystems, EGR valve, cooler, and valve controller faults are isolated without the need for prior training using data corresponding to particular faulty system behaviors.

Reason is too large : analogy and precedent in law

Hunter argues that cognitive science models of human thinking explain how analogical reasoning and precedential reasoning operate in law. He offers an explanation of why various legal theories are so limited and calls for greater attention to what is actually happening when lawyers and judges reason, by analogy, with precedent.

Argentine convertibility: is it a relevant precedent for the dollarization process in Ecuador?

Includes bibliography

Legal Change: Integrating Selective Litigation, Judicial Preferences, and Precedent

The claim that the common law displays an economic logic is a centerpiece of the positive economic theory of law. A key question in this literature is whether this outcome is due to the conscious efforts of judges, or the result of invisible hand processes. This paper develops a model in which to two effects combine to determine the direction of legal change. The main conclusions are, first, that judicial bias can prevent the law from evolving toward efficiency if the fraction of judges biased against the efficient rule is large enough; and second, that precedent affects the rate of legal change but not its direction.

The UK's EU Vote: The 1975 Precedent and Today's Negotiations. Bruegel Policy Contribution Issue 2015/08, June 2015

Highlights • The United Kingdom's European Union Referendum Bill, introduced in the House of Commons on 28 May 2015, legislates for the holding of a referendum before 31 December 2017 on the UK’s continued EU membership. UK prime minister David Cameron is opening negotiations with other EU member states to try to obtain an EU reform deal that better suits UK interests. Both the negotiations and the outcome of the referendum pose major challenges for the UK and the EU. • It will not be the first time that a UK government has staged a referendum following a renegotiation of its terms of EU membership. The first such referendum took place on 5 June 1975 after nearly a year of renegotiations, and the ‘yes’ won with 67.2 percent of the vote. Notwithstanding obvious differences, the conduct of today’s renegotiations should bear in mind this precedent, and in particular consider (a) how much the UK government can get out of the negotiations, in particular with respect to potential Treaty changes; (b) why political marketing is central to the referendum’s outcome; (c) how the UK administration’s internal divisions risk derailing the negotiations; and (d) why the negotiations risk antagonising even the UK’s best allies.

Discussions of the law of libels as at present received, in which its authenticity is examined; with incidental observations on the legal effects of precedent and authority.

Mode of access: Internet.

Nouveau traite de la maladie venerienne : et de tous les accidens qui la precedent et qui l'accompagnent, avec la plus seure & la plus facile methode de les guerir /

Mode of access: Internet.

Traite des operations de la chirurgie : dans lequel on explique mechaniquement les causes des maladies qui les precedent, fondees sur la structure de la partie; leurs signes & leurs simptomes, & dans lequel on a introduit plusieurs nouvelles remarques apres chaque operation, & un Traite des playes avec la methode de les bien panser /

Mode of access: Internet.

La langue : on connoistra en quoy consiste l'utilité de cet ouvrage, par la lecture des avertissemens qui le precedent

Mode of access: Internet.

An historical essay on the real character and amount of precedent of the revolution of 1688:

Appendixes: no. I. Copy of a letter from Col. Ambrose Norton [Nov. 1688]--no. II. Speech of Denzill Holmes, in 1660, to King Charles II.--no. III. Opinions of Mackintosh and Hallam upon the debates in The Convention parliament, 1689.--no. IV-V. Opinions of Mr. Fox, and of Locke.--no. VI. Of Lord Russell, and Algernon Sidney.--no. VII. The Oxford decree.