Disrupting frontal eye-field activity impairs memory recall

A large body of research demonstrated that participants preferably look back to the encoding location when retrieving visual information from memory. However, the role of this 'looking back to nothing' is still debated. The goal of the present study was to extend this line of research by examining whether an important area in the cortical representation of the oculomotor system, the frontal eye field (FEF), is involved in memory retrieval. To interfere with the activity of the FEF, we used inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). Before stimulation was applied, participants encoded a complex scene and performed a short-term (immediately after encoding) or long-term (after 24 h) recall task, just after cTBS over the right FEF or sham stimulation. cTBS did not affect overall performance, but stimulation and statement type (object vs. location) interacted. cTBS over the right FEF tended to impair object recall sensitivity, whereas there was no effect on location recall sensitivity. These findings suggest that the FEF is involved in retrieving object information from scene memory, supporting the hypothesis that the oculomotor system contributes to memory recall.

Uma proposta de material didático baseado nas espécies de Vochysiaceae existentes em uma trilha no cerrado de Bauru - SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Methods for field detection of resistance to temephos in simuliids. Larval esterase level and topical application of the insecticide to adults

Two practical field methods for indirect detection of simuliid populations resistant to temephos are proposed. The first is based on high esterase activity in resistant larvae and involves adaptations of a filter paper test in which faintly stained spots indicate susceptible populations and strongly stained ones reveal populations resistant to temephos. The second is based on the resistance to the larvicide when adults are topically exposed, and involves the use of diagnostic doses obtained by the comparison between the LD50 for susceptible and resistant populations. The relevance of such methods is discussed in order to help resistance detection in Simulium pertinax Kollar control programmes.

Implicações gerenciais para o sentido do trabalho

O trabalho constitui elo de ligação entre indivíduo organização; ambos se buscam se escolhem para efetivação de uma realização prática, concreta. entre o indivíduo seu trabalho encontra-se figura do gerente. Grande parte do tempo pessoal dedicada vida profissional. Se tempo no trabalho aumenta, tempo que trabalho deve prover significado também aumenta. não se trata de uma relação meramente quantitativa. Sua renovação se faz necessária diariamente de forma qualitativa. fundamental que tempo no trabalho seja bem utilizado, tenha um propósito contribua para contínuo crescimento não para limitação do indivíduo ao longo do tempo. Se aumento da quantidade de produtos produzidos se constituía no principal desafio do início do século XX, hoje dirigentes passam ter como principal meta fazer com que os conhecimentos existentes na organização se tornem produtivos. tipo de produto que se almeja mais intelectual, de maior valor agregado, demanda maior envolvimento do empregado. Acreditamos que uma das formas para conseguir envolvimento seja através da capacidade do trabalho de prover significado. Gerentes não podem criar sentido para indivíduo, mas podem intervir na organização do trabalho quando necessário. estudo apresenta implicações gerenciais partir do grupo pesquisado: os sentidos os dessentidos do trabalho e as ações gerenciais para administração desta percepção. pesquisa de campo foi realizada através da utilização de questionário fechado efetuada com profissionais retirados de programas de pós-graduação com ênfase em Administração (MBAs). Após coleta dos dados no campo, os dados foram tabulados por meio de parâmetros estatísticos baseados na freqüência. Os indivíduos pesquisados anseiam por eficiência resultados e, partir da clareza das direções gerenciais, espera-se esclarecimento do objetivo de suas atividades. Percebe-se importância da qualidade da relação gerente-subordinado para sentido do trabalho. Há grande demanda pelas habilidades de comunicação do gerente (direções, utilidade do trabalho, feedback). desejo de segurança no trabalho inclui parte financeira mas não exclui emocional, que se manifesta pelo desejo do trabalho em equipe. preocupação da invasão do labor no mundo do trabalho, referenciando os conceitos propostos por Arendt, se manifesta pela rejeição rotinização das atividades e ausência de liberdade de criação. anseio pelo exercício da criatividade, em última instância, reflete necessidade primordial de um trabalho intrinsecamente satisfatório.

La importancia del análisis jurídico del hecho administrativo, como forma de manifestación de la voluntad pública

LaAdministración Pública manifiesta su voluntad de diferentes maneras conocidas como Acto Administrativo, Actos de Simple Administración, Hecho Administrativo, Contrato Administrativo, Acto Normativo; todas estas formas de manifestación de voluntad son parte de la rama del Derecho Administrativo, las cuales han sido estudiadas por diversos doctrinarios; en este caso en concreto el estudio de esta monografía se centra en el Hecho Administrativoque no es más que toda actividad material traducida en actuaciones técnicas o físicas que son ejecutadas por medio de quien representa a la Administración Pública. En la primera parte de este proyecto monográfico el objetivo es recoger las diversas formas de manifestación de voluntad de la Administración Pública, para poder estudiarlas y analizarlas según la doctrina, y dentro de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. Para así, una vez identificadas cada una de estas figuras, proceder al estudio del Hecho Administrativo. Una vez estudiado e identificado al Hecho Administrativo en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico; analizaremos su importancia dentro del campo práctico del Derecho Administrativo, para lo que nos remitiremos a un caso en la vía administrativa, como lo es la muerte de la hija de la ex ministra Guadalupe Larriva; y a un caso en la vía jurisdiccional, en que el señor Iván Vásquez demanda a la Federación Deportiva del Azuay, la impugnación de un Hecho Administrativo.

Prática de ensino supervisionado no 1.º e 2.º ciclo do ensino básico: contributo das atividades práticas e experimentais em ciências para o aumento da motivação dos alunos

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1º e 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Brazil's global aspirations and their implications for the relationship with Argentina in the framework of MERCOSUR

Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais

Testing the predictive adaptive response in a host-parasite system

1. Harsh environmental conditions experienced during development can reduce the performance of the same individuals in adulthood. However, the 'predictive adaptive response' hypothesis postulates that if individuals adapt their phenotype during development to the environments where they are likely to live in the future, individuals exposed to harsh conditions in early life perform better when encountering the same harsh conditions in adulthood compared to those never exposed to these conditions before. 2. Using the common vole (Microtus arvalis) as study organism, we tested how exposure to flea parasitism during the juvenile stage affects the physiology (haematocrit, resistance to oxidative stress, resting metabolism, spleen mass, and testosterone), morphology (body mass, testis mass) and motor performance (open field activity and swimming speed) of the same individuals when infested with fleas in adulthood. According to the 'predictive adaptive response' hypothesis, we predicted that voles parasitized at the adult stage would perform better if they had already been parasitized with fleas at the juvenile stage. 3. We found that voles exposed to fleas in adulthood had a higher metabolic rate if already exposed to fleas when juvenile, compared to voles free of fleas when juvenile and voles free of fleas in adulthood. Independently of juvenile parasitism, adult parasitism impaired adult haematocrit and motor performances. Independently of adult parasitism, juvenile parasitism slowed down crawling speed in adult female voles. 4. Our results suggest that juvenile parasitism has long-term effects that do not protect from the detrimental effects of adult parasitism. On the contrary, experiencing parasitism in early-life incurs additional costs upon adult parasitism measured in terms of higher energy expenditure, rather than inducing an adaptive shift in the developmental trajectory. 5. Hence, our study provides experimental evidence for long term costs of parasitism. We found no support for a predictive adaptive response in this host-parasite system.

Performance of Randomly Oriented, Fiber-Reinforced Roadway Soils, HR-211, 1982

Several primary techniques have been developed through which soil aggregate road material properties may be improved. Such techniques basically involve a mechanism of creating a continuous matrix system of soil and/or aggregate particles, interlocked through the use of some additive such as portland cement, lime, or bituminous products. Details by which soils are stabilized vary greatly, but they are dependent on the type of stabilizing agent and nature of the soil, though the overall approach to stabilization has the common feature that improvement is achieved by some mechanism(s) forcing individual particles to adhere to one another. This process creates a more rigid material, most often capable of resisting the influx of water during freezing, loss of strength due to high moisture content and particle dispersion during thawing, and loss of strength due to migration of fines and/or water by capillarity and pumping. The study reported herein, took a new and relatively different approach to strengthening of soils, i.e., improvement of roadway soils and/or soil-aggregate materials by structural reinforcement with randomly oriented fibers. The purpose of the study was to conduct a laboratory and field investigation into the potential of improving (a) soil-aggregate surfaced and subgrade materials, including those that are frost-prone and/or highly moisture susceptible, and (b) localized base course materials, by uniting such materials through fibrous reinforcement. The envisioned objective of the project was the development of a simple construction technique(s) that could be (a) applied on a selective basis to specific areas having a history of poor performance, or (b) used for improvement of potential base materials prior to surfacing. Little background information on such purpose and objective was available. Though the envisioned process had similarities to fibrous reinforced concrete, and to fibrous reinforced resin composites, the process was devoid of a cementitious binder matrix and thus highly dependent on the cohesive and frictional interlocking processes of a soil and/or aggregate with the fibrous reinforcement; a condition not unlike the introduction of reinforcing bars into a concrete sand/aggregate mixture without benefit of portland cement. Thus the study was also directed to answering some fundamental questions: (1) would the technique work; (2) what type or types of fibers are effective; (3) are workable fibers commercially available; and (4) can such fibers be effectively incorporated with conventional construction equipment, and employed in practical field applications? The approach to obtaining answers to these questions, was guided by the philosophy that an understanding of basic fundamentals was essential to developing a body of engineering knowledge, that would serve as the basis for eventual development of design procedures with fibrous products for the applications previously noted.

Yleistajuinen johdatus ekologisiin menetelmiin

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Behavioral characteristics of the offspring of adolescent rats

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that, during adulthood, the offspring of adolescent rats differ in emotionality, learning and memory from the offspring of adult rats. The behavior of the offspring of adolescent (age, 50-55 days) and adult rats (age, 90-95 days) was tested in the open field, activity cage, and passive and active avoidance apparatus. The latencies during training and testing in the passive avoidance apparatus of the offspring of adolescent parents were shorter than the latencies of control offspring (P<0.001 on both training and testing days). Offspring of adolescent parents showed shorter latency time in acquisition trials during active avoidance testing compared to control offspring (P<0.001). They also showed a higher number of active avoidance responses in the last four blocks of acquisition (P<0.001) and first two blocks of extinction trials (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The offspring of adolescent parents showed higher latency on the first day of testing in the open field (P<0.01) and a lower latency on the third day of testing (P<0.01). They also showed higher activity during all three days of testing (1st and 2nd day: P<0.01; 3rd day: P<0.05). The spontaneous activity of the offspring of adolescent parents in the activity cage was higher in the last three intervals of testing (P<0.001). In summary, the offspring of adolescent parents were less anxious and tended to be more active. The results of two learning and memory tests were opposite, but could be explained by a higher exploratory drive of the offspring of adolescent parents. This was probably due to chronic malnutrition stress and the disturbed mother-infant relationship in the litters of adolescent mothers.

Show me your brain! Stories of interdisciplinary knowledge creation in practice. Experiences and observations from Aalto Design Factory, Finland.

This dissertation centres on the themes of knowledge creation, interdisciplinarity and knowledge work. My research approaches interdisciplinary knowledge creation (IKC) as practical situated activity. I argue that by approaching IKC from the practice-based perspective makes it possible to “deconstruct” how knowledge creation actually happens, and demystify its strong intellectual, mentalistic and expertise-based connotations. I have rendered the work of the observed knowledge workers into something ordinary, accessible and routinized. Consequently this has made it possible to grasp the pragmatic challenges as well the concrete drivers of such activity. Thus the effective way of organizing such activities becomes a question of organizing and leading effective everyday practices. To achieve that end, I have conducted ethnographic research of one explicitly interdisciplinary space within higher education, Aalto Design Factory in Helsinki, Finland, where I observed how students from different disciplines collaborated in new product development projects. I argue that IKC is a multi-dimensional construct that intertwines a particular way of doing; a way of experiencing; a way of embodied being; and a way of reflecting on the very doing itself. This places emphasis not only the practices themselves, but also on the way the individual experiences the practices, as this directly affects how the individual practices. My findings suggest that in order to effectively organize and execute knowledge creation activities organizations need to better accept and manage the emergent diversity and complexity inherent in such activities. In order to accomplish this, I highlight the importance of understanding and using a variety of (material) objects, the centrality of mundane everyday practices, the acceptance of contradictions and negotiations well as the role of management that is involved and engaged. To succeed in interdisciplinary knowledge creation is to lead not only by example, but also by being very much present in the very everyday practices that make it happen.

COMP6049 Approaching Surveys - Purpose, Paradigms Protocols and Pragmatics

An introduction for students intending to design and conduct a survey. This is the prelude to a practical group activity.

Topographic and thermal mapping of volcanic terrain using AVTIS ground-based 94-GHz dual-mode radar/radiometric imager

The All-Weather Volcano Topography Imaging Sensor remote sensing instrument is a custom-built millimeter-wave (MMW) sensor that has been developed as a practical field tool for remote sensing of volcanic terrain at active lava domes. The portable instrument combines active and passive MMW measurements to record topographic and thermal data in almost all weather conditions from ground-based survey points. We describe how the instrument is deployed in the field, the quality of the primary ranging and radiometric measurements, and the postprocessing techniques used to derive the geophysical products of the target terrain, surface temperature, and reflectivity. By comparison of changing topography, we estimate the volume change and the lava extrusion rate. Validation of the MMW radiometry is also presented by quantitative comparison with coincident infrared thermal imagery.