Post-industrial 2.0 – Social Web as the second coming of the post-industrial society

This study presents a review of theories of the so-called post-industrial society, and proposes that the concept of post-industrial society can be used to understand the recent developments of the World Wide Web, often described as Web 2.0 or social Web. The study combines theories ranging from post-war management science and cultural studies to software development, and tries to build a holistic view of the development of the post-industrial society, and especially the Internet. The discourse on the emergence of a post-industrial society after the World Wars has addressed the ways in which the growing importance of information, and innovations in digital communications technology, are changing our society. It is furthermore deeply connected with the discourse on the postmodern society, which emphasizes cultural fragmentation, intertextuality, and pluralism. The Internet age is characterized by increasing masses of information that are managed through various technologies. While 1990s Internet technologies often used the network as a traditional broadcasting channel with added interactivity, Web 2.0 technologies are specifically designed to utilize the network model by facilitating communication between various services and devices, and analyzing the relationships between users and objects in order to produce intelligent insight. The wide adoption of the Internet, and recently of Internet-enabled mobile devices, is furthermore continuously producing new ways of communicating, consuming, and producing. Applications of the social Web, such as social media or social networking services, are permanently changing our traditional social, cultural, and economic practices. The study first presents an overview of the post-industrial society, the Internet, and the concept of Web 2.0. Then the concept of social Web is described with an analysis of the term social media, the brief histories of the interactive Web and social networking services, and a description of the concept ―long tail‖, used to represent the masses of information available in the Web that do not receive mainstream attention. Finally, methods for retrieving and filtering information, modeling social and cultural relationships, and communicating with customers, are presented.

A new cultural cleavage in post-modern society

The attitudes towards gender and homosexuality tend to be linked at the micro level (individuals), which explains the political saliency of this newly emerging cleavage. At the macro level (country), the main finding is that the value orientations towards gender and homosexuality are strongly embedded in the basic cultural or civilisation differences among countries. As developing countries modernise and enter post-modernity, they will also experience the gender cleavage, especially when they adhere to an individualistic culture. Cultural cleavages in the post-modern society, whether in rich or developing countries, can only be properly researched by the survey method. It opens up a large area for both micro and macro analyses in the social sciences.

Esperanzas y retos de la educación en una sociedad post-industrial.

Se reproducen las palabras del secretario norteamericano de Sanidad, Educación y Seguros Sociales, señor Helliot L. Richardson, pronunciadas en el Seminario Internacional sobre prospectiva de la Educación. Destaca como una de las labores del Seminario la de identificar las fuerzas que están moldeando el futuro de la educación y, a su vez, el propio futuro será moldeado por la educación; las personas tendrán que tener altos niveles de conocimientos para comprender y más para dirigir la sociedad; escuelas, institutos y universidades tendrán cada vez más importancia no sólo como instituciones educativas, sino como instituciones sociales; hacer que los programas de educación sean coherentes con las inquietudes sociales generales.

Transformações no mercado de trabalho exigidas aos estagiários e recém-formados em empresas com características da sociedade pós-industrial

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar até que ponto as transformações do mercado de trabalho, à luz da sociedade pós-industrial, interferem nas competências exigidas aos recém-formados e estagiários pelas empresas, quando da captação de seus recursos humanos, através do estudo de caso do CIEE - Centro de Integração Empresa-Escola. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar as principais características da Sociedade PósIndustrial e suas influências nas transformações do mercado de trabalho; levantar as interferências dessas influências na captação de recursos humanos pelas empresas; identificar as principais competências pessoais e profissionais requeridas pelas empresas em sua política de recrutamento e seleção de candidatos; investigar se os programas de estágios e de recém-formados são utilizados pelas empresas conveniadas ao CIEE como captação de seus futuros profissionais. Buscou-se no referencial teórico estudar e analisar as características da sociedade, desde o período pré-industrial até o pós-industrial, delimitadas por Daniel Bell apud De Masi (1999:49). Através de subcapítulos foram selecionadas as características que poderiam corroborar na identificação da influência dessas transformações de forma a aprofundá-las com outros autores, como: as instituições básicas; os recursos principais; a estrutura profissional; o local típico; e o fator de mobilidade. No referencial teórico investigaram-se, ainda, alguns elementos da "sociedade centrada no mercado" tratada por alguns teóricos. Através das demandas de vagas do CIEE para estagiários e recém-formados identificou-se elementos da sociedade pós-industrial para confrontá-los com as competências exigidas. A metodologia utilizada foi quanto aos fins, estudo de caso, descritiva e explicativa, analisando as demandas das competências exigidas dos profissionais, estagiários, recém-formados através das empresas conveniadas ao CIEE. Quanto aos meios, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e telematizada, bem como uma pesquisa de campo para coleta de dados através de questionários e de entrevistas individuais aplicados ao público atendido pelo CIEE. O universo da pesquisa foi de empresas privadas e de grande porte. A amostra foi selecionada a partir da estratificação em sete regiões metropolitanas do Brasil, onde também encontram-se unidades do CIEE, cujas cidades apresentam o maior percentual de emprego formal no país, tendo como fonte a Geografia de Mercado. A amostra foi por acessibilidade e por tipicidade, em função do caso CIEE, totalizando 400 pessoas entrevistadas. O trabalho obteve como resultado a identificação de elementos das transformações do mercado de trabalho, à luz da sociedade pós-industrial, tal como o previsto por Bell apud De Masi, evidenciando que as empresas estão contratando estagiários e recém-formados com o mesmo nível de exigência quando da contratação de profissionais. As habilidades comportamentais (atitudes) identificadas neste estudo denotam uma forte tendência das empresas, à luz da razão substantiva, de exigir de seus recursos humanos competências tais como: iniciativa, criatividade, dinamismo, bom relacionamento interpessoal e facilidade para trabalhar em equipe, sendo pré-requisitos complementares à formação acadêmica.

Aggressive Behaviour of Different Social and Demographic Groups in Post-Totalitarian Society

The project looked at aggressiveness in different age and social groups of modern post-totalitarian society, beginning with the hypotheses that the greatest risk groups are teenagers and the unemployed, and that there is a link between aggression and the level of meaningfulness of life. The groups studied comprised about 200 persons from urban areas of eastern Ukraine, including schoolchildren, students, white collar workers, self-employed persons, the unemployed and pensioners. Workers in industry were not included as this group has virtually disappeared in Ukraine at present since most enterprises have ceased to work and most workers have moved into the groups of the unemployed or self-employed. Participants were divided into age groups of 13-14, 16-17, 18-22, 24-45, 46-60 and over 60, with each group including approximately equal number of men and women. Research methods included Buss-Darky techniques, the "hand test" (E. Wagner), the "non-existent animal" technique, a Rozenzweig picture frustration study, purpose-in-life tests and an interview. The Buss-Darky test showed that schoolchildren have the highest level of aggression, followed by students. These groups have high indexes in virtually all types of aggression, including its open form. The self-employed have relatively lower indexes, although they are more likely to manifest it openly, while such open manifestations are less likely among white-collar workers, pensioners and the unemployed. The least aggressive were the unemployed and pensioners, although the latter had a relatively high level of hostility. In terms of age, aggression was shown to decrease with age, which Ms. Ivanova attributes to the still imperfect control mechanisms of teenagers and their less mature personalities. Among the younger groups girls showed a slightly higher level of aggression, although this situation was reversed among older people. The risk groups inclined to manifest open forms of aggressiveness can therefore be seen to be teenagers and students. Other tests used show aggressiveness as a feature of the current state, rather than as an inherent feature and the results obtained were somewhat different. In the interviews, all adults referred to the increased aggressiveness in society and most stated that they themselves had become more aggressive and bad-tempered. The ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment was also investigated and schoolchildren turned out to have the lowest adaptation index and the unemployed the highest. MS. Ivanova attributes that latter, rather surprising, result to the fact that the constant frustrations facing the unemployed force them to actively seek ways and means of adapting in order to survive. The final aspect considered was the possible connection between human aggressiveness and the meaningfulness of life. Here the groups with the most meaningful lives were the self-employed and pensioners. The latter result, again rather surprising, was attributed to the desire of people who have already lived the greater part of their lives to place more weight on what they have already done, in order to prove to themselves that they have not lived in vain. The hypothesis that aggressiveness is conversely related to the meaningfulness of life was only partially confirmed. In the two extreme cases (schoolchildren and pensioners) this was indeed the case, but the remaining groups did not show any such connection. From the data obtained, Ms. Ivanova concluded that life in modern post-totalitarian society does indeed foster a rise in people's aggressiveness, and this was supported by the fact that indexes of aggressiveness proved to be higher than the norm. Her original hypothesis as to the groups in society most at risk from open aggression confirmed in the case of teenagers but not of the unemployed, who had relatively low aggressiveness indexes and the highest degree of adaptation.

Visions of the Spanish Revolution: identities and conflicts in post-welfare societies

This is a case study that analyzes photographic documents of the social protest in Spain between 2011 and 2013. The analysis is qualitative and considers the use of space, the visual expression of the messages and the orientation toward the causes or effects of political, economic and social changes. Visual sociology allows us to appreciate, in the case of the Spanish Revolution, a dynamic of “reflexivity” unrecognizable from other research approaches. Two successive waves of social mobilization in response to two different shocks can be appreciated. The first is given by political corruption, unemployment and the threat to consumer society. The second shock is caused by the savage cuts in the Welfare State. Social mobilization is expressed differently in each phase, and the forms taken by the protests show how the class structure in post industrial society shapes the reactions to the crisis of the Welfare State.