Stability analysis of a general family of nonlinear positive discrete time-delay systems

In this paper, we propose a new approach to analyse the stability of a general family of nonlinear positive discrete time-delay systems. First, we introduce a new class of nonlinear positive discrete time-delay systems, which generalises some existing discrete time-delay systems. Second, through a new technique that relies on the comparison and mathematical induction method, we establish explicit criteria for stability and instability of the systems. Three numerical examples are given to illustrate the feasibility of the obtained results.

Componentwise ultimate bounds for positive discrete time-delay systems perturbed by interval disturbances

This paper presents a method to derive componentwise ultimate upper bounds and componentwise ultimate lower bounds for linear positive systems with time-varying delays and bounded disturbances. The disturbance vector is assumed to vary within a known interval whose lower bound may be different from zero. We first derive a sufficient condition for the existence of componentwise ultimate bounds. This condition is given in terms of the spectral radius of the system matrices which is easy to check and allows us to compute directly both the smallest componentwise ultimate upper bound and the largest componentwise ultimate lower bound. Then, by using the comparison method, we extend the obtained result to a class of nonlinear time-delay systems which has linear positive bounds. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.

Design of reduced-order positive linear functional observers for positive time-delay systems

This brief considers a new problem of designing reduced-order positive linear functional observers for positive time-delay systems. The order of the designed functional observers is equal to the dimension of the functional state vector to be estimated. The designed functional observers always nonnegative at any time and they converge asymptotically to the true functional state vector. Moreover, conditions for the existence of such positive linear functional observers are formulated in terms of linear programming (LP). Numerical examples and simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

An explicit criterion for finite-time stability of linear nonautonomous systems with delays

In this paper, the problem of finite-time stability of linear nonautonomous systems with time-varying delays is considered. Using a novel approach based on some techniques developed for linear positive systems, we derive new explicit conditions in terms of matrix inequalities ensuring that the state trajectories of the system do not exceed a certain threshold over a pre-specified finite time interval. These conditions are shown to be relaxed for the Lyapunov asymptotic stability. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.

Accelerated leap methods for simulating discrete stochastic chemical kinetics

Biologists are increasingly conscious of the critical role that noise plays in cellular functions such as genetic regulation, often in connection with fluctuations in small numbers of key regulatory molecules. This has inspired the development of models that capture this fundamentally discrete and stochastic nature of cellular biology - most notably the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA). The SSA simulates a temporally homogeneous, discrete-state, continuous-time Markov process, and of course the corresponding probabilities and numbers of each molecular species must all remain positive. While accurately serving this purpose, the SSA can be computationally inefficient due to very small time stepping so faster approximations such as the Poisson and Binomial τ-leap methods have been suggested. This work places these leap methods in the context of numerical methods for the solution of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Poisson noise. This allows analogues of Euler-Maruyuma, Milstein and even higher order methods to be developed through the Itô-Taylor expansions as well as similar derivative-free Runge-Kutta approaches. Numerical results demonstrate that these novel methods compare favourably with existing techniques for simulating biochemical reactions by more accurately capturing crucial properties such as the mean and variance than existing methods.

I. Spectroscopic evidence for slow vibrational relaxation in excited electronic states of diatomics in rare gas solids. II. Static crystal field effects in the electronic spectra of isotopically mixed benzene crystals

Part I

Studies of vibrational relaxation in excited electronic states of simple diatomic molecules trapped in solid rare-gas matrices at low temperatures are reported. The relaxation is investigated by monitoring the emission intensity from vibrational levels of the excited electronic state to vibrational levels of the ground electronic state. The emission was in all cases excited by bombardment of the doped rare-gas solid with X-rays.

The diatomics studied and the band systems seen are: N₂, Vegard-Kaplan and Second Positive systems; O₂, Herzberg system; OH and OD, A ²Σ⁺ - X²II_i system. The latter has been investigated only in solid Ne, where both emission and absorption spectra were recorded; observed fine structure has been partly interpreted in terms of slightly perturbed rotational motion in the solid. For N₂, OH, and OD emission occurred from v' > 0, establishing a vibrational relaxation time in the excited electronic state of the order, of longer than, the electronic radiative lifetime. The relative emission intensity and decay times for different v' progressions in the Vegard-Kaplan system are found to depend on the rare-gas host and the N₂ concentration, but are independent of temperature in the range 1.7°K to 30°K.

Part II

Static crystal field effects on the absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra of isotopically mixed benzene crystals were investigated. Evidence is presented which demonstrate that in the crystal the ground, lowest excited singlet, and lowest triplet states of the guest deviate from hexagonal symmetry. The deviation appears largest in the lowest triplet state and may be due to an intrinsic instability of the ³B_1u state. High resolution absorption and phospho- rescence spectra are reported and analyzed in terms of site-splitting of degenerate vibrations and orientational effects. The guest phosphorescence lifetime for various benzene isotopes in C₆D₆ and sym-C₆H₃D₃ hosts is presented and discussed.

Contraction and observer design on cones

We consider the problem of positive observer design for positive systems defined on solid cones in Banach spaces. The design is based on the Hilbert metric and convergence properties are analyzed in the light of the Birkhoff theorem. Two main applications are discussed: positive observers for systems defined in the positive orthant, and positive observers on the cone of positive semi-definite matrices with a view on quantum systems. © 2011 IEEE.

Organizações : Uma perspectiva positiva

Nos últimos anos tem ganho expressão nos estudos organizacionais uma nova corrente denominada “estudos organizacionais positivos”. Esta, projecta sobre as organizações um olhar positivo, focando o que está bem e pode ser melhorado, em vez de se basear no modelo da “doença”, que se centra sobre o que está mal e tem de ser mudado. Este artigo faz uma defesa da linha positiva e dos seus possíveis impactos no comportamento organizacional e na gestão.

On Bounded Strictly Positive Operators of Closed Range and Some Applications to Asymptotic Hyperstability of Dynamic Systems

The problem discussed is the stability of two input-output feedforward and feedback relations, under an integral-type constraint defining an admissible class of feedback controllers. Sufficiency-type conditions are given for the positive, bounded and of closed range feed-forward operator to be strictly positive and then boundedly invertible, with its existing inverse being also a strictly positive operator. The general formalism is first established and the linked to properties of some typical contractive and pseudocontractive mappings while some real-world applications and links of the above formalism to asymptotic hyperstability of dynamic systems are discussed later on.

Investigations on Stochastic Storage Systems with Positive Service Time

In this thesis the queueing-inventory models considered are analyzed as continuous time Markov chains in which we use the tools such as matrix analytic methods. We obtain the steady-state distributions of various queueing-inventory models in product form under the assumption that no customer joins the system when the inventory level is zero. This is despite the strong correlation between the number of customers joining the system and the inventory level during lead time. The resulting quasi-birth-anddeath (QBD) processes are solved explicitly by matrix geometric methods

Robust strictly positive real synthesis of polynomial segments for discrete time systems

By using the result of robust strictly positive real synthesis of polynomial segments for continuous time systems, it is proved that, for any two n-th order polynomials a(z) and b(z), the Schur stability of their convex combination is necessary and sufficient for the existence of an n-th order polynomial c(z) such that c(z)/a(z) and c(z)/b(z) are both strictly positive real. We also provide the construction method of c(z). Illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness of this method.

LMI-based algorithm for strictly positive real systems with static output feedback

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

OUTPUT CONTROL WITH DYNAMIC COMPENSATORS AND STRICTLY POSITIVE REAL SYSTEMS

We present new results on the output control of uncertain dynamical systems. The design method uses dynamical compensators to turn the compensated plant into a strictly positive real system, and then chooses the control law-for example, a sliding mode control. This result is compared with another result from the literature which uses static compensators. An example is presented where the control with dynamic compensation works while a static compensation does not.

CONTROL OF UNCERTAIN DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS USING STRICTLY POSITIVE REAL SYSTEMS

This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions to turn a linear time-invariant system with p outputs, m inputs, p greater-than-or-equal-to m and using only inputs and outputs measurements into a Strictly Positive Real (SPR).Two results are presented. In the first, the system compensation is made by two static compensators, one of which forward feeds the outputs and the second back feeds the outputs of the nominal system.The second result presents conditions for the Walcott and Zak variable structure observer-controller synthesis. In this problem, if the nominal system is given by {A,B,C}, then the compensated system is given by {A+GC,B,FC} where F and G are the constant compensation matrices. These results are useful in the control system with uncertainties.