Notas sobre o uso de documentos judiciais como fonte de pesquisa histórica

Este artigo visa a apresentar algumas considerações acerca do uso dos arquivos da justiça criminal (processos-crime) e da documentação policial como fonte histórica. Apresentamos argumentos de alguns pesquisadores que se debruçaram sobre o tema, a partir de perspectivas teórico-metodológicas variadas. É também objetivo do presente trabalho analisar as idiossincrasias discursivas no momento da produção originária dos documentos judiciais, além de indicar algumas peculiaridades do uso dos documentos policiais.

La canzone sociale in Italia e in Francia tra protesta, nazione e rivoluzione (1830-1870)

La tesi di ricerca si propone di esaminare due tipologie della canzone sociale nel XIX secolo, ed in particolare attorno al 1848. Lo studio del canto nei contesti presi in esame (l’Italia e la Francia) viene analizzato attraverso due piste di ricerca parallele tra loro. Da una parte si è utilizzato il concetto di sociabilité per conoscere i luoghi di produzione e di diffusione del canto (l’importanza della strada, dell’osteria, delle goguette parigine, degli chansonniers des rues e dei cantastorie) e le circostanze di utilizzazione della canzone (la canzone in quanto forma d’espressione orale ma anche come scrittura murale, foglio volante e volantino). Dall’altra l’analisi si è focalizzata sui contenuti dei testi musicali per mette in luce le differenti tematiche, le immagini linguistiche e le figure retoriche cantate dall’artigiano-operaio per far emergere le differenze dell’idea di nazione tra i due contesti presi in esame. L’attenzione posta alla comparazione condurrà all’evidenziazione di punti di contatto tra le due nazioni. Il canto, infatti, costituisce un terreno privilegiato per comprendere l’immagine dell’“altro”: quale immagine possedevano i lavoratori francesi dell’Italia risorgimentale? E gli artigiani italiani come percepivano la nazione francese? Il canto viene analizzato non solamente come un “testo” ma anche come una “pratica sociale”. Queste operazioni permetteranno di sondare più in profondità la funzione sociale svolta dalla canzone all’interno della cultura popolare e la sua importanza in quanto forma d’espressione e vettore di politicizzazione. La duplice utilizzazione del canto, in quanto “testo” e “pratica”, consente di inserire la ricerca all’interno di un filone storiografico che dalla storia sociale si muove a quella culturale. La canzone sociale rappresenta un fertile terreno di ricerca, non solamente all’interno di un singolo territorio nazionale, ma possiede un prezioso valore euristico in funzione comparativa.

Les filles publiques sous la Terreur; d'après les rapports de la police secrète, des documents nouveaux et des pièces inédites tirées des Archives nationales.

Bibliographical footnotes.

The motivation and structure of corrupt police networks : theorising the dark side of the ‘thin blue line’

In recent times considerable research attention has been directed to understanding dark networks, especially criminal and terrorist networks. Dark networks are those in which member motivations are self rather than public interested, achievements come at the cost of other individuals, groups or societies and, in addition, their activities are both ‘covert and illegal’ (Raab & Milward, 2003: 415). This ‘darkness’ has implications for the way in which these networks are structured, the strategies adopted and their recruitment methods. Such entities exhibit distinctive operating characteristics including most notably the tension between creating an efficient network structure while retaining the ability to hide from public view while avoiding catastrophic collapse should one member cooperate with authorities (Bouchard 2007). While theoretical emphasis has been on criminal and terrorist networks, recent work has demonstrated that corrupt police networks exhibit some distinctive characteristics. In particular, these entities operate within the shadows of a host organisation - the Police Force and distort the functioning of the ‘Thin Blue Line’ as the interface between the law abiding citizenry and the criminal society. Drawing on data derived from the Queensland Fitzgerald Commission of Enquiry into Police Misconduct and related documents, this paper examines the motivations, structural properties and operational practices of corrupt police networks and compares and contrasts these with other dark networks with ‘bright’ public service networks. The paper confirms the structural differences between dark corrupt police networks and bright networks and suggests. However, structural embeddedness alone is found to be an insufficient theoretical explanation for member involvement in networks and that a set of elements combine to impact decision-making. Although offering important insights into network participation, the paper’s findings are especially pertinent in identifying additional points of intervention for police corruption networks.

Le Franc-tireur : mensuel dans la mesure du possible et par la grâce de la police du Maréchal ["puis" organe des Mouvements unis de résistance. Edition Zone-Sud]

1942/04.

Le Franc-tireur : mensuel dans la mesure du possible et par la grâce de la police du Maréchal ["puis" organe des Mouvements unis de résistance. Edition Zone-Sud]

1942/01.

Manuscrits de la bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. Archives de la Bastille. DEUXIÈME SECTION — PRISONNIERS DOSSIERS INDIVIDUELS ET DOCUMENTS BIOGRAPHIQUES (1). AFFAIRE DU DUC ET DE LA DUCHESSE DU MAINE. Correspondance contre les intérêts de l'État avec la cour d'Espagne, par l'entremise du prince de Cellamare, ambassadeur d'Espagne à Paris, et complot contre le Régent, pour les droits à la couronne de France, des princes légitimés, en cas d'extinction de la maison royale, et pour rétablir le duc du Maine dans le pouvoir que le testament de Louis XIV lui avait donné. Dossiers particuliers et notes.

Contient : Dossiers particuliers de Boisdavy, de l'abbé Brigault, de Dadvisard, de La Jonquière, de l'abbé Lecamus et de l'abbé Thouvenin, comprenant leur correspondance des années 1716-1719 ; Notes prises par Duval, secrétaire de la Lieutenance de police, et ses commis, et par les commissaires des papiers de la B. nommés en 1789, sur les dossiers de l'affaire du duc du Maine

The impact of a police crackdown on a street drug scene : evidence from the street

This article documents the impact of a police crackdown on a street heroin market in a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, as perceived by individuals involved in the market. While our data suggest that ‘Operation Clean Heart’ achieved its objective of reducing the visible aspects of this street drug scene, they also imply that the drug market rapidly adapted to its new conditions and that the impact of the operation was essentially superficial and temporary. In addition, we contend that the operation had numerous (unintended) negative consequences, some of which are potentially harmful to public health. Negative outcomes implied by our data included the partial displacement of the drug scene to nearby metropolitan areas; the discouragement of safe injecting practice and safe needle and syringe disposal; and more frequent occurrences of violence and fraud. These outcomes may outweigh the perceived positive impacts, which were achieved at significant public expense. We conclude that police crackdowns are inappropriate responses to illicit drug problems; instead, in line with longstanding Australian policy, approaches which incorporate and balance demand reduction, supply reduction and harm reduction principles should be followed.