Desenvolvimento de uma proposta de educação sexual para adolescentes

O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi descrever a experiência de construção e aplicação de uma proposta pedagógica no campo da educação sexual, fundamentada em algumas premissas contidas na concepção de Paulo Freire, visando atender adolescentes de uma comunidade carente do interior paulista. A partir dos questionamentos iniciais levantados pelos jovens foram realizados quatro encontros focando questões sobre sexualidade, anatomia e fisiologia humana, métodos anticoncepcionais e DST/Aids. Com a realização desse trabalho, os jovens tiveram oportunidade de participar de um processo educativo que possibilitou, pelo resgate de suas próprias experiências e crenças, a reflexão sobre sua autonomia na vivência de uma sexualidade saudável, respeitando a si próprio e ao outro.

Profesores frente a estudiantes: las dos orillas de la educación bimodal

Desde hace 6 años el grupo de investigación E-Virtual de laUniversidad de Medellín viene trabajando en la implementaciónde asignaturas bimodales en la Institución. En el 2009, con elapoyo de MEN, se implementó la modalidad a distancia conmetodología virtual en el modelo pedagógico de la Universidad.Estas nuevas experiencias llevaron al Grupo a cuestionarsesobre las características pedagógicas y didácticas a teneren cuenta cuando se combinan la educación presencial y lavirtual. Para ello se indagó con profesores y estudiantes sobresu percepción al respecto. Para la recolección de informaciónse combinaron técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, que hanarrojado interesantes resultados, entre ellos proceso deinducción, interacciones comunicativas, Objetos Virtuales deAprendizaje y uso de la plataforma virtual.En este artículo se darán a conocer algunos resultados de lainvestigación, cuáles han sido los aspectos positivos de estaexperiencia y cuáles son las áreas a mejorar.

O ensino e aprendizagem da programação de computadores no ensino a distância : uma proposta de instanciação do modelo pedagógico virtual da Universidade Aberta

Hoje em dia o ensino e aprendizagem a distância online de nível universitário é, em grande medida, baseado em estratégias de aprendizagem colaborativa, onde, além de aprender sozinho, os estudantes também participam de ações colaborativas dentro de uma classe virtual. O nível de interação do estudante online representa um fator fundamental para o sucesso do processo de ensino-aprendizagem pois é a base da partilha de informação e construção do conhecimento entre estudantes e professores, enquanto todas as ações e atividades integram um modelo pedagógico comum. Existem muitas diferenças e desafios nas áreas de ensino em termos de instanciação do modelo pedagógico e adoção das estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem, como por exemplo, entre as áreas das ciências sociais e das engenharias. Uma área que atrai especial atenção como um todo é a das ciências da computação (CS), e de forma específica, a da programação de computadores. A programação de computadores exige, em primeiro lugar, o desenvolvimento de um bom raciocínio lógico e uma estratégia de resolução segundo uma abordagem “dividir para conquistar”, onde os principais problemas são divididos em problemas menores que são resolvidos individualmente. A programação exige também uma combinação entre o trabalho individual e em grupo, com elevados níveis de revisão e depuração do código fonte em desenvolvimento. O ensino online de programação de computadores é constituído por estes aspectos, exigindo um elevado grau de interação entre estudantes e entre estudantes e professor. Neste capítulo, vamos discutir e apresentar a nossa experiência no ensino online da programação de computadores com base no modelo pedagógico virtual da Universidade Aberta, e propor a sua instanciação e extensão específica para incluir novas estratégias de aprendizagem colaborativa e uma abordagem construtivista para o processo global de aprendizagem.

Una reflexión necesaria: posibilidad de la construcción de un modelo pedagógico en la educación superior

The current article presents a series of considerations regarding the significance of establishing a pedagogic model in University level education, as well as its main characteristics, this with the purpose of guiding educational processes towards new and critical perspectives. The article is based on the results of an investigation performed by a team of professionals at the Universidad Nacional.

Scale model research for room acoustics purposes

In the field of Room Acoustics it is common using scale models to study a room. Through this method it is possible to predict its behavior, which may be very useful to detect and correct any problem prior to build it, saving many resources. Nowadays this method has been relegated to a secondary position due to the peak of simulation software, which makes possible studying rooms in a cheap, flexible and simple way, as well as it is potentially less time consuming. Nevertheless, the scale model method is still under study, as it may give some additional information. This project intends to focus in pedagogic possibilities of the scale model method. This method offers the student the opportunity of study and grasp some of the most important phenomena in Room Acoustics, in a more intuitive way than just a software simulation. Furthermore most of the existing software in this field is aimed to the technician working in the lab, as efficiently as possible, not to the student trying to understand and learn something. Here, the facilities and resources of Syddansk Universitet regarding this matter will be studied and evaluated, as well as the procedure for the experiments, paying special attention not only to its reliability and accuracy, but also to its didactic possibilities. Besides, if possible, any improvement that could help to enhance any of the listed aspects will be suggested. En el ámbito de la Acústica Arquitectónica es común el uso de modelos a escala para estudiar un recinto determinado. Mediante esta técnica es posible por ejemplo predecir el comportamiento del recinto y detectar problemas antes de su construcción, con el consecuente ahorro de recursos. Actualmente el uso de modelos a escala está desplazado a un segundo plano por el uso de software simulación, debido a la sencillez y flexibilidad que puede aportar la simulación por ordenador, así como a la economía de tiempo y recursos que supone. Sin embargo sigue siendo objeto de estudio, dado que puede aportar información muy valiosa para el ingeniero. Este proyecto se centra en las posibilidades pedagógicas de dicho método. El uso de modelos a escala brinda la oportunidad a los estudiantes de estudiar y comprender algunos de los fenómenos más importantes en la Acústica Arquitectónica de una forma más directa e intuitiva que una simulación por ordenador. Se pretende estudiar y evaluar los medios al alcance de los estudiantes en la Syddansk Universitet, así como los métodos usados, atendiendo no sólo a su precisión y fiabilidad, si no a su potencial pedagógico. Así mismo, si es posible, se propondrán cambios que puedan suponer una mejora en cualquiera de estos aspectos. Así el proyecto se divide en varias secciones claramente diferenciadas. En el apartado Background and Theoretical Basis se introduce el tema del estudio y simulación de recintos acústicos. Se explica su importancia y utilidad, y se comenta la situación actual de estas técnicas, abordando diferentes métodos usados así como sus bases teóricas y principales ventajas e inconvenientes. Bajo el apartado de Project se analizan diferentes factores relacionados con el problema. Se estudian los recursos a disposición del alumno, desde el software y hardware implicados hasta el equipo de medida y otros recursos necesarios para la realización de las prácticas. Es en esta parte donde se centra la parte más importante del trabajo, consistente en la medición y comprobación de las características más relevantes del equipo implicado. Haciendo posible así confirmar su validez y precisión, tanto desde el punto de vista técnico como pedagógico, así como estableciendo los límites dentro de los que se puede considerar fiable el modelo. Al final de este apartado se aborda la influencia de la absorción del aire en altas frecuencias, y la variación en los coeficientes de absorción y dispersión de los materiales respecto de la frecuencia. Por último se realiza una verificación subjetiva del sistema completo, debido a que por limitaciones técnicas no ha sido posible evaluar el montaje en el rango equivalente a toda la banda audible, y que los métodos estudiados tienen como meta última asegurar una buena percepción por parte del oyente en el recinto dado. Dentro del apartado Conclusions se hace un breve resumen de las conclusiones extraídas anteriormente, y se valora el rendimiento y utilidad general del modelo, que a pesar de algunos problemas de precisión y repetibilidad lógicos debido a los medios usados, es válido para ilustrar los fenómenos físicos que se quieren enseñar al alumno. En la sección de Future Work se proponen diferentes vías de trabajo para futuros proyectos en la Syddansk Universitet que podrían ser útiles confirmar el trabajo realizado en este proyecto, mejorar la precisión y fiabilidad del montaje o enriquecer las posibilidades pedagógicas de las prácticas relacionadas. Por último se encuentra, tras el apartado de referencias, los anexos con tablas y gráficas relativas a las medidas realizadas en diferentes partes del trabajo. También se puede encontrar información y material relacionado con el proyecto en el CD adjunto.

Modelling and control of refrigeration systems: an account of a pedagogic experiment in a post-secondary technical course

Comunicação apresentada no CYTEF 2016/VIII Congresso Ibérico | VI Congresso Ibero-Americano de Ciências e Técnicas do Frio, 3-6 maio 2016, Coimbra, Portugal

Integrated Proteomics Identified Up-regulated Focal Adhesion-mediated Proteins In Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma In An Orthotopic Murine Model.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis will yield important advances in diagnostics, prognostics, effective treatment, and outcome of oral cancer. Hence, in this study we have investigated the proteomic and peptidomic profiles by combining an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mass spectrometry-based proteomics and biological network analysis. Our results indicated the up-regulation of proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and cell-cell junction assembly events and their expression was validated in human OSCC tissues. In addition, the functional relevance of talin-1 in OSCC adhesion, migration and invasion was demonstrated. Taken together, this study identified specific processes deregulated in oral cancer and provided novel refined OSCC-targeting molecules.

Electronic And Structural Study Of Pt-modified Au Vicinal Surfaces: A Model System For Pt-au Catalysts.

Two single crystalline surfaces of Au vicinal to the (111) plane were modified with Pt and studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in ultra-high vacuum environment. The vicinal surfaces studied are Au(332) and Au(887) and different Pt coverage (θPt) were deposited on each surface. From STM images we determine that Pt deposits on both surfaces as nanoislands with heights ranging from 1 ML to 3 ML depending on θPt. On both surfaces the early growth of Pt ad-islands occurs at the lower part of the step edge, with Pt ad-atoms being incorporated into the steps in some cases. XPS results indicate that partial alloying of Pt occurs at the interface at room temperature and at all coverage, as suggested by the negative chemical shift of Pt 4f core line, indicating an upward shift of the d-band center of the alloyed Pt. Also, the existence of a segregated Pt phase especially at higher coverage is detected by XPS. Sample annealing indicates that the temperature rise promotes a further incorporation of Pt atoms into the Au substrate as supported by STM and XPS results. Additionally, the catalytic activity of different PtAu systems reported in the literature for some electrochemical reactions is discussed considering our findings.

The Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activator Bay 60-2770 Potently Relaxes The Pulmonary Artery On Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Rabbit Model.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with pulmonary hypertension which is often difficult to manage, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we have used a rabbit model of CDH to evaluate the effects of BAY 60-2770 on the in vitro reactivity of left pulmonary artery. CDH was performed in New Zealand rabbit fetuses (n = 10 per group) and compared to controls. Measurements of body, total and left lung weights (BW, TLW, LLW) were done. Pulmonary artery rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (10 μM), after which cumulative concentration-response curves to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; NO donor), tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitor) and BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator) were obtained as well as the levels of NO (NO3/NO2). LLW, TLW and LBR were decreased in CDH (p < 0.05). In left pulmonary artery, the potency (pEC50) for GTN was markedly lower in CDH (8.25 ± 0.02 versus 9.27 ± 0.03; p < 0.01). In contrast, the potency for BAY 60-2770 was markedly greater in CDH (11.7 ± 0.03 versus 10.5 ± 0.06; p < 0.01). The NO2/NO3 levels were 62 % higher in CDH (p < 0.05). BAY 60-2770 exhibits a greater potency to relax the pulmonary artery in CDH, indicating a potential use for pulmonary hypertension in this disease.

Bay 41-2272, A Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, Relaxes Isolated Human Ureter In A Standardized In Vitro Model.

To characterize the relaxation induced by BAY 41-2272 in human ureteral segments. Ureter specimens (n = 17) from multiple organ human deceased donors (mean age 40 ± 3.2 years, male/female ratio 2:1) were used to characterize the relaxing response of BAY 41-2272. Immunohistochemical analysis for endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase stimulator (sGC) and type 5 phosphodiesterase was also performed. The potency values were determined as the negative log of the molar to produce 50% of the maximal relaxation in potassium chloride-precontracted specimens. The unpaired Student t test was used for the comparisons. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vessel endothelia and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in urothelium and nerve structures. sGC was expressed in the smooth muscle and urothelium layer, and type 5 phosphodiesterase was present in the smooth muscle only. BAY 41-2272 (0.001-100 μM) relaxed the isolated ureter in a concentration dependent manner, with a potency and maximal relaxation value of 5.82 ± 0.14 and 84% ± 5%, respectively. The addition of nitric oxide synthase and sGC inhibitors reduced the maximal relaxation values by 21% and 45%, respectively. However, the presence of sildenafil (100 nM) significantly potentiated (6.47 ± 0.10, P <.05) this response. Neither glibenclamide or tetraethylammonium nor ureteral urothelium removal influenced the relaxation response by BAY 41-2272. BAY 41-2272 relaxes the human isolated ureter in a concentration-dependent manner, mainly by activating the sGC enzyme in smooth muscle cells rather than in the urothelium, although a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-independent mechanism might have a role. The potassium channels do not seem to be involved.

Atomic Charge Transfer-counter Polarization Effects Determine Infrared Ch Intensities Of Hydrocarbons: A Quantum Theory Of Atoms In Molecules Model.

Atomic charge transfer-counter polarization effects determine most of the infrared fundamental CH intensities of simple hydrocarbons, methane, ethylene, ethane, propyne, cyclopropane and allene. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules/charge-charge flux-dipole flux model predicted the values of 30 CH intensities ranging from 0 to 123 km mol(-1) with a root mean square (rms) error of only 4.2 km mol(-1) without including a specific equilibrium atomic charge term. Sums of the contributions from terms involving charge flux and/or dipole flux averaged 20.3 km mol(-1), about ten times larger than the average charge contribution of 2.0 km mol(-1). The only notable exceptions are the CH stretching and bending intensities of acetylene and two of the propyne vibrations for hydrogens bound to sp hybridized carbon atoms. Calculations were carried out at four quantum levels, MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p), MP2/cc-pVTZ, QCISD/6-311++G(3d,3p) and QCISD/cc-pVTZ. The results calculated at the QCISD level are the most accurate among the four with root mean square errors of 4.7 and 5.0 km mol(-1) for the 6-311++G(3d,3p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets. These values are close to the estimated aggregate experimental error of the hydrocarbon intensities, 4.0 km mol(-1). The atomic charge transfer-counter polarization effect is much larger than the charge effect for the results of all four quantum levels. Charge transfer-counter polarization effects are expected to also be important in vibrations of more polar molecules for which equilibrium charge contributions can be large.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Adipose Tissue Attached To Suture Material Enhance The Closure Of Enterocutaneous Fistulas In A Rat Model.

Surgical treatment for enterocutaneous fistulas (EF) frequently fails. Cell therapy may represent a new approach to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high proliferative and differentiation capacity. This study aimed to investigate whether MSCs could adhere to suture filament (SF), promoting better EF healing. MSCs, 1 × 10(6), from adipose tissue (ATMSCs) were adhered to a Polyvicryl SF by adding a specific fibrin glue formulation. Adhesion was confirmed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A cecal fistula was created in 22 Wistar rats by incising the cecum and suturing the opening to the surgical wound subcutaneously with four separate stitches. The animals were randomly allocated to three groups: control (CG)-five animals, EF performed; injection (IG)-eight animals 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs injected around EF borders; and suture filament (SG): nine animals, sutured with 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs attached to the filaments with fibrin glue. Fistulas were photographed on the operation day and every 3 days until the 21st day and analyzed by two observers using ImageJ Software. Confocal and SEM results demonstrated ATMSCs adhered to SF (ATMSCs-SF). The average reduction size of the fistula area at 21st day was greater for the SG group (90.34%, P < 0.05) than the IG (71.80%) and CG (46.54%) groups. ATMSCs adhered to SF maintain viability and proliferative capacity. EF submitted to ATMSCs-SF procedure showed greater recovery and healing. This approach might be a new and effective tool for EF treatment.

Changes In Motor Behavior During Pregnancy In Rats: The Basis For A Possible Animal Model Of Restless Legs Syndrome.

Pregnant women have a 2-3 fold higher probability of developing restless legs syndrome (RLS - sleep-related movement disorders) than general population. This study aims to evaluate the behavior and locomotion of rats during pregnancy in order to verify if part of these animals exhibit some RLS-like features. We used 14 female 80-day-old Wistar rats that weighed between 200 and 250 g. The rats were distributed into control (CTRL) and pregnant (PN) groups. After a baseline evaluation of their behavior and locomotor activity in an open-field environment, the PN group was inducted into pregnancy, and their behavior and locomotor activity were evaluated on days 3, 10 and 19 of pregnancy and in the post-lactation period in parallel with the CTRL group. The serum iron and transferrin levels in the CTRL and PN groups were analyzed in blood collected after euthanasia by decapitation. There were no significant differences in the total ambulation, grooming events, fecal boli or urine pools between the CTRL and PN groups. However, the PN group exhibited fewer rearing events, increased grooming time and reduced immobilization time than the CTRL group (ANOVA, p<0.05). These results suggest that pregnant rats show behavioral and locomotor alterations similar to those observed in animal models of RLS, demonstrating to be a possible animal model of this sleep disorder.

Urothelial Carcinogen Resistance Driven By Stronger Toll-like Receptor 2 (tlr2) And Uroplakin Iii (up Iii) Defense Mechanisms: A New Model.

The objective of the study was to illustrate the applicability and significance of the novel Lewis urothelial cancer model compared to the classic Fisher 344. Fischer 344 and Lewis females rats, 7 weeks old, were intravesical instilled N-methyl-N-nitrosourea 1.5 mg/kg every other week for a total of four doses. After 15 weeks, animals were sacrificed and bladders analyzed: histopathology (tumor grade and stage), immunohistochemistry (apoptotic and proliferative indices) and blotting (Toll-like receptor 2-TLR2, Uroplakin III-UP III and C-Myc). Control groups received placebo. There were macroscopic neoplastic lesions in 20 % of Lewis strain and 70 % of Fischer 344 strain. Lewis showed hyperplasia in 50 % of animals, normal bladders in 50 %. All Fischer 344 had lesions, 20 % papillary hyperplasia, 30 % dysplasia, 40 % neoplasia and 10 % squamous metaplasia. Proliferative and apoptotic indices were significantly lower in the Lewis strain (p < 0.01). The TLR2 and UP III protein levels were significantly higher in Lewis compared to Fischer 344 strain (70.8 and 46.5 % vs. 49.5 and 16.9 %, respectively). In contrast, C-Myc protein levels were significantly higher in Fischer 344 (22.5 %) compared to Lewis strain (13.7 %). The innovative Lewis carcinogen resistance urothelial model represents a new strategy for translational research. Preservation of TLR2 and UP III defense mechanisms might drive diverse urothelial phenotypes during carcinogenesis in differently susceptible individuals.