Parasitismo natural de ovos de triatomíneos por Telenomus fariai lima, 1927 no laboratório

Em novembro/89 verificou-se que o insetário do Centro de Estudos Emmanuel Dias - Bambuí/MG apresentava alta infestação pelo micro himenóptero Telenomus fariai. Em 529 ovos de Panstrongylus megistus e Triatoma vitticeps examinados, 375 (70,9%) apresentavam 1043 exemplares de T. fariai, sendo 955 (91,4%) fêmeas e 90 (8,6%) machos. A seguir, verificou-se também oparasitismo de ovos de Triatoma infestans, e ausência de infestação de ovos de Rhodnius neglectus. As médias de parasitóide por ovo observadas foram de 7,9 em P. megistus; 8,7 em T. vitticeps e 10 em T. infestans. A importância do relato deve-se à possibilidade da infestação de colônias mantidas para fins de pesquisa a partir da introdução em insetários de ovos procedentes do campo, com o estabelecimento de altas taxas de infestação e acentuado declínio da criação. O isolamento e a eliminação dos parasitóides pelo manejo dos ovos parasitados e vedação dos frascos do insetário com tecido de malha estreita (em tomo de 0,25mm) mostraram-se eficientes no controle do T. fariai.

Parasitismo natural de Bradybaema similaris (Férussac, 1821) por Postharmostomum gallinum Witenberg, 1923

Um total de 4.298 exemplares de Bradybaena similaris foram coletados na zona rural do município do Rio de Janeiro e nos municípios de Paracambi e Itaguai, RJ, entre outubro de 1983 e setembro de 1986. Destes caramujos, 2.005 apresentaram metacercárias livres na cavidade pericádica. As prevalências médias anuais foram de: 42,89% (primeiro ano), 43,42% (segundo ano) e 55,86% (terceiro ano). As metacercárias foram identificadas, através de infecções experimentais em pintos, como sendo de Posttharmostomum gallinum. A pouca variação de tamanho entre as metacercárias de um mesmo hospedeiro indica que não existe um recrutamento contínuo do parasito. Análise estatística mostrou que não existe correlação entre o tamanho do caramujo e o número de metacercárias presentes na cavidade pericárdica, e que a mortalidade dos caramujos, observada em laboratório, era devido à infecção parasitária.

Parasitismo natural de bufalinos em Botucatu, SP, Brasil: III. Dinâmica do parasitismo gastro-intestinal em vacas e suas crias

Gastro-intestinal parasitism of 24 buffalo cows before parturition, and post-parturition, their infection and that of their respective calves during the following 30 weeks were studied. Willis, Hoffmann and whenever possible, the modified Gordon & Whitlock techniques were used for fecal examinations. Toxocara vitulorum eggs were the earliest forms encountered in calves feces, as follows: during the 1st week after birth, 58.33% of the calves were positive, and in the 4th week, 100% of these animals were positive. Eggs of Strongyloides sp were in the 1st week after birth in two of the calves and in the 5th week, all for them were positive. The next parasites to appear were the Coccidia of which oocysts were detected in the feces of two calves in the 2nd week after birth, and 58.33% of the calves were positive for these in the 3rd week, and in the 6th week, all calves shed oocysts in their feces. On the other hand, eggs of Strongylids were the last forms to appear in calves feces. However, despite their sporadic appearance in the feces, eggs of these parasites were observed continuously from the 11th week onwards, and at this point, the percentage of positive samples began to increase to reach its peak. Relatively to adult animals, eggs of T. vitulorum were observed in the feces of 11 cows, one or twice at most; eggs of Strongyloides sp were seen only once in the feces of four buffalo cows and eggs of Strongylids in 21 out of 24 cows. Oocysts of Coccidia were observed in 16 cows. Mechanisms of infestation of calves with these parasites are discussed.

Parasitismo natural em moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) no semiárido do sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil

Parasitoides são importantes agentes de controle natural de tefritídeos, e os conhecimentos sobre as relações tritróficas podem subsidiar o manejo destas pragas. Este trabalho objetivou estimar índices de parasitismo em moscas-das-frutas, em 21 espécies vegetais, e identificar as espécies de parasitoides associados, nas condições do semiárido do sudoeste da Bahia. Oito hospedeiros apresentaram infestação por Anastrepha spp. e, destes, em quatro, ocorreu parasitismo superior a 20,0%, sendo: 20,8% (Ziziphus joazeiro L.); 21,3% (Spondias tuberosa L.); 32,4% (Spondias purpurea L.) e 57,1% (Malpighia emarginata L.). Os parasitoides coletados pertencem à família Braconidae, sendo 89% de Doryctobracon areolatus e 11% de Asobara anastrephae.

Parasitismo natural de ovos do curuquerê-do-algodoeiro por Trichogramma pretiosum em diferentes estágios fenológicos de variedades de algodoeiros em Ipameri, GO

The cotton can be damaged by many pests, standing out among them cotton leafworm, responsible for major losses in production, if not controlled properly. A group of natural enemies is the most studied of the family Trichogrammatidae, mainly species of the genus Trichogramma, because of its importance in biological control at the initial stage of development of their hosts. In order to study the natural egg parasitism of Alabama argillacea (Hubner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in different phenological stages of transgenic and conventional varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the region of Ipameri, GO, it was carried out this experiment from december 2007 to april 2008, in the UEG, State of Goias. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments consisting of the conventional varieties DeltaOPAL, FMX 966, FMX 993, FMX 910 and NuOPAL transgenic variety, in four replications. In the beginning of oviposition of the A. argillacea it was started the 27 old days plant and the parasitism increased as the availability of eggs of the host, regardless of variety. It was found that the varieties over the vegetative cycle did not show statistical differences on the preference for oviposition by the moth neither on the parasitism. The level of parasitism of eggs of A. argillacea by T. pretiosum varied depending on the density of eggs on plants, not in terms of varieties and phenological stages.

Parasitismo natural de bufalinos em Botucatu, SP, Brasil: III. Dinâmica do parasitismo gastro-intestinal em vacas e suas crias

Gastro-intestinal parasitism of 24 buffalo cows before parturition, and post-parturition, their infection and that of their respective calves during the following 30 weeks were studied. Willis, Hoffmann and whenever possible, the modified Gordon & Whitlock techniques were used for fecal examinations. Toxocara vitulorum eggs were the earliest forms encountered in calves feces, as follows: during the 1st week after birth, 58.33% of the calves were positive, and in the 4th week, 100% of these animals were positive. Eggs of Strongyloides sp were in the 1st week after birth in two of the calves and in the 5th week, all for them were positive. The next parasites to appear were the Coccidia of which oocysts were detected in the feces of two calves in the 2nd week after birth, and 58.33% of the calves were positive for these in the 3rd week, and in the 6th week, all calves shed oocysts in their feces. on the other hand, eggs of Strongylids were the last forms to appear in calves feces. However, despite their sporadic appearance in the feces, eggs of these parasites were observed continuously from the 11th week onwards, and at this point, the percentage of positive samples began to increase to reach its peak. Relatively to adult animals, eggs of T. vitulorum were observed in the feces of 11 cows, one or twice at most; eggs of Strongyloides sp were seen only once in the feces of four buffalo cows and eggs of Strongylids in 21 out of 24 cows. Oocysts of Coccidia were observed in 16 cows. Mechanisms of infestation of calves with these parasites are discussed.

Parasitismo natural de ovos de Alabama argillacea Hüb. e Heliothis virescens Fab. (Lep.: Noctuidae) por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) em algodoeiros no Mato Grosso do Sul

Os experimentos foram conduzidos em culturas comerciais de algodoeiros na região de Dourados no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, durante a safra 1996/97. Observaram-se os seguintes aspectos do parasitismo natural em ovos de Alabama argillacea Hübner e Heliothis virescens Fabricius por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley: índice de parasitismo, razão sexual e número de adultos emergidos por ovo. Realizou-se coleta semanal de ovos dos lepidópteros e sua incubação em laboratório. Aos 31 dias após a emergência das plantas (DAE), não se observou parasitismo nos ovos de A. argillacea. Porém, a partir de 58 dias (DAE), acima de 60% dos ovos estavam parasitados por T. pretiosum, atingindo em algumas avaliações quase 100%. Apesar da baixa ocorrência de ovos de H. virescens, esses também apresentaram elevado índice de parasitismo por T. pretiosum. O número de fêmeas emergidas dos ovos parasitados geralmente foi maior do que o de machos. Fêmeas representaram em torno de 60% do total de adultos emergidos na maioria das coletas efetuadas. O número de adultos emergidos por ovo de A. argillacea e H. virescens foi ao redor de dois. Na região de Dourados, portanto, o parasitismo natural em ovos de A. argillacea e H. virescens por T. pretiosum é elevado, mesmo com as freqüentes aplicações de inseticidas.

Distribuição vertical e temporal de ovos de Alabama argillacea e de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e parasitismo natural por Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Oviposição de Alabama argillacea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em cultivares de algodoeiro e parasitismo natural de ovos por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) na região de Chapadão do Sul, MS

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Infestação e parasitismo natural de ninfas de Bemisia tabaci biótipo b (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em soja-hortaliça e elaboração de chave de identificação de Encarsia spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Parasitismo natural em ovos de Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) em lavouras de soja da região de Dourados-MS.

2015

Dinâmica populacional de ovos e lagartas e parasitismo de ovos de Curuquerê-do-algodoeiro por Trichogramma pretiosum em cultivares convencionais e transgênica de algodoeiro

The introduction of new cotton cultivars in the Midwest region of Brazil resulted in a significant increase in productivity, but the use of inappropriate farming techniques brought many problems to field, as the higher incidence of pests, diseases and weeds. The aim of this work was to study the population dynamics of eggs and larvae of cotton leafworm and natural egg parasitism of the pest by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at different phenological stages of conventional and transgenic cultivars (Bollgard I) of cotton was carried out this experiment from December 2007 to April 2008 in Ipameri, Goias State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with five trataments and four replications. The treatments consisting of the conventional cotton cultivars DeltaOPAL, FMX 966, FMX 993, FMX 910 and the cultivar transgenic NuOPAL. Allabama argillacea Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) oviposited on all cultivars, not presented differences in relation to oviposition preference. Compared to the average number of eggs of A. argillacea parasitized by T. pretiosum, there were no differences between cultivars. In conventional cultivars, small, medium and large larvae occurred from 34 days after plant emergence until the end of the cycle, while in the transgenic cultivar were found only small caterpillars. Cultivar NuOPAL control cotton leafworm since the first larval stage, and does not interfere in egg parasitism by T. pretiosum compared with other cultivars.

Dinâmica populacional de Alabama argillacea (Hueb.), parasitismo de ovos por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley e ocorrência de predadores na cultura do algodoeiro, em Ipameri, GO

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Métodos para avaliar a liberação e o parasitismo de Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Natural parasitism of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) nymphs by Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) in São Paulo orange groves

The psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama 1908 has become the main citrus pest species in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, after the introduction of the huanglongbing or citrus greening. This study evaluated the parasitism of 3rd, 4th and 5th instar D. citri nymphs by Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) in citrus groves under a regimen of regular insecticide applications in ten producing regions: Araraquara, Barretos, Bauru, Botucatu, Franca, Itapetininga, Jaú, Limeira, Lins and São João da Boa Vista. Sixty-nine samples of new branches infested with nymphs of D. citri were collected from 2005 to 2008 in orange groves ranging from 1 to 20 years old, of the varieties Hamlin, Pera, Valencia and Natal. The parasitoid T. radiata is widely distributed in São Paulo orange groves, and was identified in 50 (72%) of the samples, showing a mean parasitism rate of 12.4%. The highest parasitism rate was observed in the "summer" (from January through March), with a mean of 25.7%. Nymphal parasitism was above 90% in two samples. The probable causes of the variations in parasitism of D. citri by T. radiata are discussed.