Office paper recovery : an implementation manual.

Mode of access: Internet.

The use of branched ketenedimers in solving the deposit problems related to the internal sizing of uncoated fine paper

Alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) are effective and highly hydrophobic sizing agents for the internal sizing of alkaline papers, but in some cases they may form deposits on paper machines and copiers. In addition, alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA)- based sizing agents are highly reactive, producing on-machine sizing, but under uncontrolled wet end conditions the hydrolysis of ASA may cause problems. This thesis aims at developing an improved ketene dimer based sizing agent that would have a lower deposit formation tendency on paper machines and copiers than a traditional type of AKD. The aim is also to improve the ink jet printability of a AKD sized paper. The sizing characteristics ofketene dimers have been compared to those of ASA. A lower tendency of ketene dimer deposit formation was shown in paper machine trials and in printability tests when branched fatty acids were used in the manufacture of a ketene dimer basedsizing agent. Fitting the melting and solidification temperature of a ketene dimer size to the process temperature of a paper machine or a copier contributes to machine cleanliness. A lower hydrophobicity of the paper sized with branched ketene dimer compared to the paper sized with traditional AKD was discovered. However, the ink jet print quality could be improved by the use of a branched ketene dimer. The branched ketene dimer helps in balancing the paper hydrophobicity for both black and color printing. The use of a high amount of protective colloidin the emulsification was considered to be useful for the sizing performance ofthe liquid type of sizing agents. Similar findings were indicated for both the branched ketene dimer and ASA.

Aplicação de celulases e xilanases na reciclagem de fibras de papel

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Química e Biológica (área de conhecimento em Engenharia Enzimática e das Fermentações)

A study of high solids anaerobic digestion of Bucknell University food waste followed by aerobic curing

Anaerobic digestion of food scraps has the potential to accomplish waste minimization, energy production, and compost or humus production. At Bucknell University, removal of food scraps from the waste stream could reduce municipal solid waste transportation costs and landfill tipping fees, and provide methane and humus for use on campus. To determine the suitability of food waste produced at Bucknell for high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD), a year-long characterization study was conducted. Physical and chemical properties, waste biodegradability, and annual production of biodegradable waste were assessed. Bucknell University food and landscape waste was digested at pilot-scale for over a year to test performance at low and high loading rates, ease of operation at 20% solids, benefits of codigestion of food and landscape waste, and toprovide digestate for studies to assess the curing needs of HSAD digestate. A laboratory-scale curing study was conducted to assess the curing duration required to reduce microbial activity, phytotoxicity, and odors to acceptable levels for subsequent use ofhumus. The characteristics of Bucknell University food and landscape waste were tested approximately weekly for one year, to determine chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), and biodegradability (from batch digestion studies). Fats, oil, and grease and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were also tested for some food waste samples. Based on the characterization and biodegradability studies, Bucknell University dining hall food waste is a good candidate for HSAD. During batch digestion studies Bucknell University food waste produced a mean of 288 mL CH4/g COD with a 95%confidence interval of 0.06 mL CH4/g COD. The addition of landscape waste for digestion increased methane production from both food and landscape waste; however, because the landscape waste biodegradability was extremely low the increase was small.Based on an informal waste audit, Bucknell could collect up to 100 tons of food waste from dining facilities each year. The pilot-scale high-solids anaerobic digestion study confirmed that digestion ofBucknell University food waste combined with landscape waste at a low organic loading rate (OLR) of 2 g COD/L reactor volume-day is feasible. During low OLR operation, stable reactor performance was demonstrated through monitoring of biogas production and composition, reactor total and volatile solids, total and soluble chemical oxygendemand, volatile fatty acid content, pH, and bicarbonate alkalinity. Low OLR HSAD of Bucknell University food waste and landscape waste combined produced 232 L CH4/kg COD and 229 L CH4/kg VS. When OLR was increased to high loading (15 g COD/L reactor volume-day) to assess maximum loading conditions, reactor performance became unstable due to ammonia accumulation and subsequent inhibition. The methaneproduction per unit COD also decreased (to 211 L CH4/kg COD fed), although methane production per unit VS increased (to 272 L CH4/kg VS fed). The degree of ammonia inhibition was investigated through respirometry in which reactor digestate was diluted and exposed to varying concentrations of ammonia. Treatments with low ammoniaconcentrations recovered quickly from ammonia inhibition within the reactor. The post-digestion curing process was studied at laboratory-scale, to provide a preliminary assessment of curing duration. Digestate was mixed with woodchips and incubated in an insulated container at 35 °C to simulate full-scale curing self-heatingconditions. Degree of digestate stabilization was determined through oxygen uptake rates, percent O2, temperature, volatile solids, and Solvita Maturity Index. Phytotoxicity was determined through observation of volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations.Stabilization of organics and elimination of phytotoxic compounds (after 10–15 days of curing) preceded significant reductions of volatile sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide) after 15–20 days of curing. Bucknell University food waste has high biodegradability and is suitable for high-solids anaerobic digestion; however, it has a low C:N ratio which can result in ammonia accumulation under some operating conditions. The low biodegradability of Bucknell University landscape waste limits the amount of bioavailable carbon that it can contribute, making it unsuitable for use as a cosubstrate to increase the C:N ratio of food waste. Additional research is indicated to determine other cosubstrates with higher biodegradabilities that may allow successful HSAD of Bucknell University food waste at high OLRs. Some cosubstrates to investigate are office paper, field residues, or grease trap waste. A brief curing period of less than 3 weeks was sufficient to produce viable humus from digestate produced by low OLR HSAD of food and landscape waste.

Understanding drug treatment : an Office of National Drug Control Policy white paper.

Running title: ONDCP white paper.

Calendar of state papers, domestic series, of the reign of Charles I ... Preserved in the State paper department of Her Majesty's Public record office ...

Editors: v. 1-13, John Bruce (with William Douglas Hamilton, v. 13).--v. 14-23, William Douglas Hamilton (with Sophia Crawford Lomas, v. 23)

Calendar of state papers, domestic series, of the reigns of Edward VI., Mary, Elizabeth [and James I] ... preserved in the State paper department of Her Majesty's Public record office.

Editors: v. 1-2, Robert Lemon.--v. 3-12, Mary Anne Everett Green.

Original letters illustrative of English history; including numerous royal letters; from autographs in the British Museum, the State Paper office, and one or two other collections.

v. 1. 1074-1525.--v. 2. To 1535.--v. 3. To 1572.--v. 4. To 1799.

Some account of the life and writings of John Milton, derived principally from documents in His Majesty's State-paper office, now first published.

Appendix: An inquiry into the origin of Paradise lost. (lxvii p.)

The poetical works of John Milton. With notes of various authors; and with some account of the life and writings of Milton, derived principally from original documents in Her Majesty's State-paper office,

v.1. Paradise lost, books I-II. v.2. Paradise lost (cont.) Remarks of various criticks upon the poem.- Mr. Boyd's Observations on the characters of the fallen angels.- Plans of Paradise lost as a tragedy.- Lander's Interpolations. v.3. Paradise regained.- Samson Agonistes. Lycidas.- L'Allegro.- Il Penseroso. v.4. Arcades.- Comus.- Sonnets.- Odes.- Miscellanies.- Elegiarium liber.- Epigrammatum liber.- Silvarum liber.

Lettres, instructions et mémoires de Marie Stuart, reine d'Ecosse ; publiés sur les originaux et les manuscrits du State paper office de Londres et des principales archives et bibliothèques de l'Europe,

"Notice des ouvrages imprimés, qui renferment des lettres de Marie Stuart": v.7, p. [3]-24 at end.

Calendar of state papers, domestic series, of the reign of Charles II...: preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office /

Biclkey, Francis Lawrence,

Original unpublished papers illustrative of the life of Sir Peter Paul Rubens, as an artist and a diplomatist. Preserved in H. M. State paper office. With an appendix of documents respecting the Arundelian collection; the Earl of Somerset's collection; the great Mantuan collection; the Duke of Buckingham ... etc., etc., etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Calendar of state papers, Foreign series, of the reign of Elizabeth, 1558-[ ], preserved in the State Paper department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office.

Vols.1-7 edited by J. Stevenson; v.8-11, by A. J. Crosby; v.12-17, by A. J. Butler (v.17 with S. C. Lomas); v.18-21, by S. C. Lomas (v.18, pt.2-4 with A. B. Hinds); v.22- by R. B. Wernham.

The Office of the Auditor General of Canada : Government in Exile? (Working Paper 31)

How can a "servant of Parliament" be held in check if it disregards the constitutional conventions of responsible government and takes a place in its own right in the representative institutions? the paper presents a history of the modernization of the legislative audit in the federal Parliament. It considers the evolution of the powers and practices of the Office of the Auditor General, how its role has become intertwined with that of Treasury Board Secretariat, and the eclipse of the House of Commons' Standing Committee on Public Accounts. The paper is an abridged version of a paper prepared for a conference in Saskatoon in November, 2001. It is to be published in a UBC Press volume edited by David Smith, John Courtney and Duff Spafford of the Department of Political Science at the University of Saskatchewan. The Press will hold copyright. See also "Biggest Scandal in Canadian History," School of Policy Studies Working Paper Number 23.