Migración y urbanización: las barriadas limeñas: un caso de integración a la vida urbana = Migration and urbanization: The barriadas" of Lima: an example of integration into urban life"

Los documentos del Seminario fueron publicados por UNESCO en 1961 con el título: La urbanización en América Latina/Urbanization in Latin America

Evaluation of Development Projects: a Process-Centered Approach in the Outskirts of Lima, Peru.

Development cooperation projects work with people involved in processes of change and social transformation. While the main objective of the intervention is the development process itself, the project?s quality will be determined by the way of implementing it. Its success lies in the sustainability of the generated processes and the connection with them by the involved actors. The evaluation analyses both aspects. This article examines the evaluation, under a process approach, of a project on urban agriculture in Lima (Peru). The results show that the use of this approach, which combines different evaluation tools, allows the identification and analysis of the processes with the involved members, providing a better understanding of the real sustainability of the results.

Map of Lima Township. Town 2 south. Range 4 east [plat]

Publication information: Chicago, Ill. : Everts & Stewart, 1874.

Description of a view of the city of Lima, and the surrounding Country : now exhibiting at The Panorama, Leicester Square /

Mode of access: Internet.

The neoliberalization of street vending policy in Lima, Peru: the politics of citizenship. property and public space in the production of a new urban marginality

Neoliberalism is having a significant and global impact on political, social and economic life across spaces. This work illustrates how neoliberalism is attempting to change the ways in which the urban poor - particularly those that participate in street vending - use urban spaces in Lima, Peru. Using municipal policies, newspaper articles and local academic texts I argue that there is a changing marginality in Lima that is being experienced by street vendors, and currently in los canas of Lima. In particular, I discuss formalization, a neoliberal strategy in street vending policy, which is used with eradication and social assistance strategies in attempts to re-regulate street vendors.

Deployment of urban agriculture in East Lima, Peru.

Urban agriculture in Lima has been promoted by the project Farmers in the city encompassed in the Urban harvest program promoted by the Consultive Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The validation of the effectiveness of the project Farmers in the city can only be confirmed by maintenance over the time the deployment of the project goals. The project Farmers in the city was carried out by the International Potato Center (CIP) and GESPLAN research group of the Technical University of Madrid. The project was conducted at the East Cone of Lima, Peru, from 2006 to 2008. This communication shows the situation 5 years later. In order to know the current situation all the members of Cosanaca producer association, which was created under the project, have been interviewed. Besides, an expert panel was carried out with the responsible of the urban agricultural office of the municipalities that participate in the project. The results show that Cosanaca has duplicated the number of producers and that the municipalities have increased the number of workers.

The effect of dialect mismatch on likelihood-maximising speech enhancement for noise-robust speech recognition

Traditional speech enhancement methods optimise signal-level criteria such as signal-to-noise ratio, but these approaches are sub-optimal for noise-robust speech recognition. Likelihood-maximising (LIMA) frameworks are an alternative that optimise parameters of enhancement algorithms based on state sequences generated for utterances with known transcriptions. Previous reports of LIMA frameworks have shown significant promise for improving speech recognition accuracies under additive background noise for a range of speech enhancement techniques. In this paper we discuss the drawbacks of the LIMA approach when multiple layers of acoustic mismatch are present – namely background noise and speaker accent. Experimentation using LIMA-based Mel-filterbank noise subtraction on American and Australian English in-car speech databases supports this discussion, demonstrating that inferior speech recognition performance occurs when a second layer of mismatch is seen during evaluation.

The application of phonetic distribution normalisation to likelihood-maximising speech enhancement for robust ASR

Traditional speech enhancement methods optimise signal-level criteria such as signal-to-noise ratio, but such approaches are sub-optimal for noise-robust speech recognition. Likelihood-maximising (LIMA) frameworks on the other hand, optimise the parameters of speech enhancement algorithms based on state sequences generated by a speech recogniser for utterances of known transcriptions. Previous applications of LIMA frameworks have generated a set of global enhancement parameters for all model states without taking in account the distribution of model occurrence, making optimisation susceptible to favouring frequently occurring models, in particular silence. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of highly disproportionate phonetic distributions on two corpora with distinct speech tasks, and propose to normalise the influence of each phone based on a priori occurrence probabilities. Likelihood analysis and speech recognition experiments verify this approach for improving ASR performance in noisy environments.

Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá: modernização e subjetividade, história e memória em Lima Barreto

O estudo ora apresentado pretende concentrar-se, principalmente, na análise do romance Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá e trazer alguma contribuição no que se refere à relação desta obra com aspectos do romance moderno, assim como à identificação de procedimentos narrativos que explicitam traços do realismo de Lima Barreto, perpassados pela experiência da modernidade no Brasil. Nesse percurso, busca-se revelar a dinâmica que se estabelece entre cidade e subjetividade na vinculação com a memória individual e as consequências para a realização da narrativa. Realizou-se, inicialmente, uma abordagem histórica de temas como a origem do romance, a formação do público leitor na Inglaterra e no Brasil e as concepções de realismo que perpassam a forma romance, a fim de se compreender e identificar o lugar da obra de Lima Barreto na história da Literatura. Apresentou-se, ainda, correlação das concepções de memória e história, que podem ser vislumbradas no romance estudado, a partir de estudos teóricos de obras escolhidas de Friedrich Nietzsche e Walter Benjamin

Figurações da intelectualidade no Brasil: a crônica de Lima Barreto

Lima Barreto aborda o intelectual do seu tempo a partir do seu ideal de arte social, e dentro deste ideal de arte o intelectual é aquele que mantém articulação com o saber, e faz disto um benefício para a coletividade (OAKLEY, 2011). Portanto, este trabalho aborda as figurações da intelectualidade no Brasil utilizando a idealização de arte e intelectual de Lima Barreto em nossas análises sobre a figura do intelectual. Inevitavelmente ao tratar da temática do intelectual não poderíamos deixar de abordar a própria figura de Lima Barreto como intelectual em seu tempo. Assim sendo, busca-se compreender Lima Barreto como intelectual preterido por seus contemporâneos, bem como não engajado em lutas de classes sociais, distante de qualquer categoria de intelectual orgânico de Gramsci. Com isto infere-se que Lima Barreto não fazia parte da elite intelectual da Belle Époque, e nem era porta-voz do subúrbio. Ele foi um escritor e intelectual militante somente de uma causa: a arte como ferramenta para comunhão entre os homens. Escolhemos o gênero crônica por ela ser algo diário, escrita de observador e gênero onde Lima pode explorar a sua escrita irônica e sarcástica sobre diversos temas, em especial o intelectual (SÁ, 2005). Portanto, as crônicas de Lima Barreto podem nos oferecer uma melhor representação dessas figurações do intelectual, seja na política, imprensa ou literatura. Lima Barreto vai construir seu ideal de arte e intelectual dentro da sociedade Belle Époque, sociedade essa que abrigava um trabalho de elaboração da literatura em que a forma era mais importante do que o conteúdo e fomentava a política de modernização do país numa clara imitação dos modos e costumes europeus em nossa literatura. Ao contrário disto, Lima Barreto defendia que o importante, para o intelectual, era o trato com o conteúdo, ser contemporâneo, uma relação verdadeira com a inteligência e que sua escrita estivesse a serviço do bem comum. Evidente que a literatura idealizada por Lima Barreto era utópica, mas militante, e é por isso que ele, Lima Barreto, é um intelectual de resistência

La contrarrevolución del virrey Abascal: Lima, 1806-1816 (Estudios)

Durante los años del colapso de la monarquía española, el Virreinato del Perú estuvo gobernado por Fernando de Abascal, quien, en alianza con la élíte de Lima, aplicó una política de represión en términos ideológicos y militares ante cualquier intento separatista o revolucionario, tanto dentro de su jurisdicción virreinal como fuera de ella, entre cuyos territorios vecinos estaban Quito, Chile y Charcas. Asimismo, mediante esta estrategia, el Virreinato de Lima intentó recuperar parte de la influencia perdida en América del Sur como consecuencia de la aplicación de las reformas borbónicas, especialmente durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. El presente artículo pone atención a la respuesta de Lima contra al movimiento insurgente desatado en Quito a partir de 1809.

A educação da mulher em Lima Barreto

Lima Barreto has built an educational conception of women in his fictional productions despite nuances inciting scholars to debate his writings and label him as misogynist and philogynist. Thus, the objective of this study is to comprehend, through signs present in his literary works, how women used to be educated in early twentieth century to accomplish the historical differences in gender relations. The main reason for this extract is the periodicity of his publications that started in 1900 by means of chronicles in newspapers and ended in 1922 after his death. For this, we identified codes and rules forged in the social processes to be assimilated by children through diverse institutions, aiming to incite the production of behaviors and social practices represented by the existence men and women in an ever changing society. Gender relations are analyzed within a society for their configuration concept by Nobert Elias (1970) as interdependence bonds among individuals. An investigative method proposed by Ginzburg (1989) was the most adequate to conduct the research on the work of Lima Barreto because it enables us to reconstruct the education concept for women. The dramas and novels analyzed point out the construction of categories such as women education, family, love and seduction revealing the engagement of Lima Barreto with the social problems of the period investigated. It was concluded that gender differentiation has come from family education which kept men and women in opposing sides giving them a marriage perspective that, after consummated, would bring frustration to women causing them to adopt confronting practices against domination strategies through celibacy or adultery. This research constitutes a reflection based on determined representations like justice, respect and duties that were the ideas defended by Lima Barreto in his writings, concerning both broader situations in social life and particular gender relations

Nestor lima e a modernização conservadora da gestão educacional no Rio Grande do Norte entre 1924-1928

This study attempts to investigate the school administration in the Department of Education of Rio Grande de Norte, in the period 1924 to 1928, in the context of conservative modernization in its management, implemented by Nestor Lima dos Santos. Addresses the trends of administrative Nestor Santos Lima and sequence of these variables so that we can correlate and monitor the development of various economic, social, cultural and political, to show how influenced and even determined the direction of education, not only the state of RN, but throughout the country. For this purpose, it is the recapitulation of the history of life, experiences of work and travel reports of this important figure, including administrative concepts, aiming to identify the school administration, introduced by him in the 1920s, as those who received influence of characters that included the social and historical context of the time, reconstituting the ways following the education. It was developed by Nestor shares in Lima on the administration of public schools, their way of management, and can see how was the process of modernization of education in Rio Grande do Norte state and how it followed the rapid changes, experienced by Brazil, during this period. Show up on the design aspects of modernizing Nestor Lima in the Department of Education, the Director General of Administrative Acts, the internal record of school groups, Isolated Schools, Schools rudimentary and the newly created Board of Education, highlighting the Internal Rules of Council but the General Regulations of the Department of Education. This work also highlights the proposed administrative Nestor of Lima, while educational model of an operating system of the organization, training and education, which is present in the area of production of discourse, through body practice, characteristic of the record established levels of policy development and implementation of educational instruction in all state. Key-words: school administration. Conservative modernization. Public Education