854 resultados para odontologia - estudantes


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Posture is one of the most worrying problems dentists face. That is because of the high incidence of low back pathologies regarding the professional activity, despite the development on the field of Dental Ergonomics. This work took place at the dental schoolclinic at a Federal University, and it was grounded on the Ergonomic Principles in the workplace. Its main objective was to analyze the determinants of inadequate posture adopted by students inasmuch as the adoption of non ergonomic methods at the school-clinic may influence them to develop inadequate postures in their working environment. The analysis of the activity showed us that it requires some complex procedures in the patient s mouth. Thus, when the students carry out the activity, they start to adopt, although unconsciously, inadequate postures which will make easier the visual accuracy and the access to the operation focus. In case there is no internal (body awareness) or external warning mechanisms (the professor s or the partner s counseling) regarding posture or possible risks which lead them to self-correction, the students become vulnerable to osteomuscle disorders. The time pressure, because the students are expected to perform their task in a predetermined clinical time. The facts related to each patient s variability as well as the stress caused by the expectations to get their work done in time make the students to advance it believing they will waste time if they help their partners or using an indirect view. We could also notice that there was no assistant to perform the job of minor ones, as well as there was no professor who could actually connect the knowledge on Ergonomics to its working practice. The conclusions of this work stand out the need of widen the discussion at the academic environment regarding health professionals in places such as universities. The ergonomic principles in the workplace aim a multidisciplinary analysis based on the experience of students, professors, staff members and janitors that can contribute to some reflection upon the issue and consequently actions which will bring positive changes at the working environment

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The epidemiology of temporomandibular disorders varies widely in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TMD in dental students of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte assessed by different indexes. The sample consisted of 101 individuals selected by a randomized process, whose general outline was systematic sampling. For evaluation of the signs and symptoms of TMD, an anamnestic index, Fonseca s protocol, and two clinical indexes, the RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders), or standard index, and the Helkimo s Clinical Dysfunction Index were applied. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and kappa, besides verifying the sensitivity and specificity (5% significance). The diagnosis of TMD by different indexes showed a variation in the prevalence between 72.3% (Helkimo s Clinical index), 64.4% (Fonseca s anamnestic index) and 35.6% (RDC/TMD). There was no statistical difference between the sexes for the RDC/TMD, although this difference was found for Fonseca s and Helkimo s indexes (p<0.05). The most frequent type of TMD were joint disorders (Groups II and III), and the subtypes disc displacement with reduction (17.8%) and arthralgia (15.8%). Most individuals showed a mild TMD (45.5%) for both indexes, Fonseca and Helkimo. When comparing the types of diagnoses, RDC/TMD with Fonseca and Helkimo, low agreement was found (k=0.17 and k= 0.35, respectively). A moderate correlation between the severity of TMD was obtained (kw= 0.53) for Fonseca s protocol and Helkimo s index. High sensitivity and low specificity were seen for both diagnoses compared to standard, resulting in excessive false positives. Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the prevalence of TMD can vary widely, depending on the index used for its diagnosis

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Objective: To identify the perception of undergraduate dental students with respect of the risk factors present at the study/work place that could contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Method: A total of 348 undergraduate dental students from Araraquara Dental School - UNESP were evaluated. The Portuguese version of the Work-related activities that may contribute to job-related pain and/or injury questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The mean perception of the undergraduates was 5.68 (SD=1.92). The factors with highest mean values were continue working with some kind of pain or lesion (7.49, SD=2.55), bending or twisting the back in an uncomfortable manner (7.39, SD=2.59), working in uncomfortable/inadequate positions (7.27. SD=2.60) and working in the same position for long periods (7.02. SD=2.53). Overall, female students presented higher mean scores of perception than male students. The body parts with highest prevalence of pain were the neck (67.0%) and lower back (65.8%). Conclusion: The students showed perception in relation to the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders present at the study/work place.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the difficulties reported by last-year dentistry course students regarding basic and surgical periodontal procedures. Methods: A proposed questionnaire with 24 questions, 14 related to basic periodontal procedures and 10 to surgical procedures, was applied to 45 undergraduate students with jobs involving these procedures, during the practical activities of the Integrated Clinic Discipline, a compulsory subject in the curriculum of the course, taught to last-year students. Students were asked about their own perceptions of the difficulties in implementing the various steps related to the treatments. The degree of individual difficulty was determined according to the Likert scale: 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = high, 4 = very high. Exploratory analysis of data was applied, and the difficulty level was also dichotomized into none to mild (scores 0 and 1) and moderate to very high (scores 2–4). Results: Regarding the basic periodontal treatment, bone level probing was the procedure with the highest number of student difficulties (57.5%). As for the difficulties reported by students regarding the stages of periodontal surgery, only the procedures related to anesthesia and suture removal had no report of doubts. Conclusion: Periodontal surgery was the procedure involving the most prevalent questions reported as moderate to very high, and the indication for the most suitable surgical technique was the stage with the highest percentage of questions (66.6%) among the undergraduates.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Tratamento restaurador atraumático tornou-se uma opção real para o tratamento da cárie dentária em saúde pública no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar durabilidade, resistência e eficácia de 70 restaurações em 31 alunos (entre 6 a 12 anos de idade na Escola Municipal Rotary, RJ - Brasil). Depois de CPO-D e ceo-exame de acordo com critérios da OMS, todos os alunos com selecionados receberam TRA com VITRO MOLAR - DFL, juntamente com instruções de saúde bucal. Os critérios de exclusão foram a presença de cavidades muito profundas e exposição pulpar, casos em que os alunos foram encaminhados para o Postos de Saúde Municipal. In vitro avaliou-se a influência do tempo de entrada em serviço e do tipo de cobertura protetora utilizada na resistência coesiva do Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro utilizado, por meio de ensaios de tração diametral. Confeccionou-se para o teste de tração diametral 6 espécimes para cada variante, 72 no total, com dimensões de 4 mm de diâmetro por 8 mm de comprimento, divididos entre os grupos: grupo1 sem protetor (controle); grupo2 vaselina sólida; grupo3 verniz para unhas. Realizou-se ensaios mecânicos em uma máquina universal de ensaios EMIC DL 500 MF, após a confecção e estocagem individual dos espécimes em potes plásticos contendo 5 ml de água deionizada, que formaram os subgrupos descritos a seguir: a - 20 minutos; b - 2 horas; c - 24 horas; d - 7 dias. Os dados obtidos foram tratados por ANOVA e por Student Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). Ao se avaliar a influência dos diferentes protetores de superfície no CIV utilizado no presente trabalho observou-se que, os protetores de superfície tiveram influência no comportamento do material (p=0,000), com o verniz para unhas mostrando um desempenho superior ao da vaselina sólida. Quanto ao tempo, não foi possível verificar ruptura do material no prazo de 20 minutos, pois os corpos de prova sofriam deformação elástica catastrófica não sendo adequado para a finalidade desejada. Os tempos de 24 horas e sete dias foram semelhantes entre si e diferentes do tempo de duas horas. As restaurações foram clinicamente avaliadas depois de 6, 12, e 24 meses após sua alocação. No total 72 restaurações foram realizadas em 31 escolares. Depois de seis meses, 5 restaurações fraturaram e 3 perderam algum material. Após 12 meses, oito restaurações foram perdidas e apenas 1 fraturou. Na avaliação após 24 meses, mais 12 restaurações foram perdidas e 3 perderam material. Não foram registradas lesões cariosas secundarias após esse período, mesmo quando as restaurações foram parcialmente perdidas. Clinicamente conclui-se que quando a técnica do TRA é bem indicada e aplicada corretamente pode haver uma redução significativa no número de dentes perdidos por lesões de cárie nos indivíduos que participaram do nosso estudo.

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Os debates sobre formação profissional em saúde ampliaram seu espaço na agenda de discussões políticas brasileiras. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Cursos na Área de Saúde, homologadas pelo Ministério da Educação em 2001, orientam mudanças em graduação dos profissionais, coerentes com a necessidade indicada pelo Ministério da Saúde de incentivar mudanças na formação em saúde com ênfase na integralidade da atenção. Este trabalho investigou as propostas das novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de odontologia (DCNO), tendo como eixo de análise o princípio da Integralidade em saúde e o trabalho em equipe. A partir do referencial teórico da construção da Integralidade em saúde, foi analisada a percepção de seus elementos no discurso de gestores acadêmicos, professores e alunos de um curso de odontologia e no documento das DCNO. A análise do documento das DCNO demonstrou uma reduzida sistematização das ideias e conceitos associados à integralidade em saúde, reforçando a ênfase nas práticas do Cirurgião-Dentista ao âmbito da Saúde Bucal. A análise das entrevistas revelou certo grau de apropriação, pelos autores estudados, de discursos que ampliam o universo da odontologia, porém referem-se a práticas profissionais e de ensino-aprendizagem ainda bastante calcadas no conhecimento clínico-cirúrgico aplicável ao indivíduo. Existe uma associação entre integralidade em saúde, perfil generalista e trabalho em equipe à integração das especialidades odontológicas, viabilizadas pela integração das clínicas. Nota-se uma tendência à mudança de valores, inclusive nos depoimentos de estudantes, que demonstram interesse nas práticas no setor público, reforçando a necessidade de ampliação da odontologia na arena de discussões sobre a formação em saúde, de modo a aproximar conteúdos e práticas de saúde coletiva com aquelas do campo clínico-cirúrgico sob novas perspectivas e aproximar a teoria da área específica de atuação, avançando na construção do trabalho em equipe.

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Proposals that aim a redirection of current health attention models in Brazil are indispensible due to the need of health issues and its challenges imposed by society. These issues come forth in Higher Education Institutions in an attempt to devise ways to face these demands. The research aims to analyze the Pedagogical Project (PP) present in the Dentistry Graduation Course in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil-(UFRN). This is done in coherence the Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines considering main competences established in the PP. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee at UFRN under document number 285/201. The work is of descriptive nature and was realized with 30 students in the Dentistry Graduation Course. Interviews were realized with the use of problem situation approach. The research was also supported by documental studies that dealt with syllabus present in the disciplines taught at UFRN. Data were processed with the use of the ALCESTE 4.9 software. It is possible to acknowledge that some conservative conceptions arise, even though there is use of active methodologies and innovation that aim to promote reflection and articulation for general competence development such as proposed in the Pedagogical Project in Dentistry Graduation Course at UFRN. These conceptions are mainly present in the teaching-learning process where students do not have full participation. Thus it is possible to conclude that even though there are advances and breakthroughs. This is seen with that fact that there was inclusion of multidisciplinary clinical work as well optional courses in the curriculum. It was also seen that there was occasional use of active teaching methodologies in Dentistry at UFRN. But there is still a need for a didactical and methodological resizing. These actions require the need for progressive development of competences and abilities during the formative process according to what was established in the Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines

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This dissertation aimed to analyze the perception of students about (EPW Health) Education Program at Work for Health Training in the area of Health. It discusses the proposed theme from the perception of students graduating from the EPW- Health courses participants (dentistry, medicine, physiotherapy, nursing, nutrition, physical education) who have developed their school activities in family health units in the city of João Pessoa between 2009/2011.The program aims policies curricular changes as a potential route of contributions to training in healthcare. Attention is drawn to the new possibilities of working health training contextualized, ethically grounded, socially endorsed. It is pointed out in this process the need to adapt to the demands of professional profiles of SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde). This is an exploratory, descriptive study within a qualitative approach, conducted in the city of João Pessoa in the context of health care courses at the Federal University of Paraiba. The empirical material of this study was treated by the use of technical analysis "Categorical Content Theme" by Bardin. The results indicate prospects for promoting new practices and curricular changes, which highlights the EPW- Health, which has been presenting important experiences in teaching -community -service- with the inclusion of students in the municipal health network. We conclude that the path from collection to data analysis, corroborated with the literature to reaffirm the importance and urgency of change in educational processes with a view to greater proximity to the health needs and the SUS. The EPW- Health project is incipient and requires further investigation in terms of effective interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary character of its proposal

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Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar as percepções de graduandos de Odontologia sobre a fidelidade às diretrizes de biossegurança e acerca do preservar-se. Nove questões abertas, que abordaram aspectos de interesse para o tema, foram aplicadas em entrevista com 14 acadêmicos, que realizavam atendimento odontológico de pacientes da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara da Unesp. Utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa e a estratégia metodológica para análise das entrevistas foi a Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Três figuras metodológicas foram obtidas, sendo ideias-centrais, expressões-chave e o DSC propriamente dito. A análise dos discursos permitiu avaliar a fala natural da coletividade. Verificou-se a adesão dos entrevistados aos protocolos de biossegurança, embora houvesse a queixa de que, na rotina diária, as precauções fossem negligenciadas por não serem muito práticas. Entre as medidas de proteção individual e coletiva, rotineiramente utilizadas, foram apontados o uso de Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI) e as barreiras protetoras, bem como as atividades de desinfecção e esterilização. O risco de contágio foi visto por alguns com pavor e por outros com total indiferença porque acreditavam ser algo do qual é possível de se ter controle por meio da adesão às precauções padrão. Entre as doenças de maior preocupação, a aids e as hepatites B e C foram as mais temidas. Diante do discurso obtido, salienta-se a necessidade de se aperfeiçoar as estratégias educacionais, com intuito de motivar a fiel adesão às normas de biossegurança, essenciais no trato de pacientes odontológicos.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)