Issues in the provision of nursing care to people undergoing cardiac surgery who also have type 2 diabetes

There has been little investigation of the issues associated with caring for patients presenting for cardiac surgery with a comorbid diagnosis of diabetes although there is some evidence that the diabetes management is suboptimal. This study aimed to identify issues that patients and cardiac specialist nurses experience with the provision of inpatient services for people undergoing cardiac surgery who also have type 2 diabetes. A qualitative interpretive design, using individual interviews with patients and nurses, provided data about some of these issues. The study found that nurses had high levels of confidence in their cardiac care but little confidence in diabetes management. Patients described concerns about their diabetes care and treatment regimens. A 'typical journey' for a person with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery was identified. The findings support the need to build increased capacity in specialist nurses to support diabetes care as a secondary diagnosis.

Condições de trabalho e saúde do enfermeiro residente no hospital geral: riscos psicossociais

Objetivou-se nesse estudo identificar os fatores de risco psicossocial que o enfermeiro residente encontra-se exposto em unidades especializadas; descrever as repercussões dos fatores de risco psicossocial para a saúde do enfermeiro residente em unidades especializadas e analisar as formas de enfrentamento adotadas pelo enfermeiro residente diante dos riscos psicossociais em unidades especializadas. Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória descritiva, cujo campo foi um hospital universitário situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. A partir dos critérios de seleção adotados participaram do estudo 20 enfermeiros residentes do 1 e 2 anos, lotados em unidades especializadas (CTI adulto, UTI neonatal, CTI cardíaco, UI clínica, Unidade Coronariana e Unidade de Doenças Infecto Parasitárias). O estudo obedeceu aos aspectos éticos em conformidade com a Resolução 466/12 sendo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (067/2012). Utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada mediante um instrumento contendo em sua primeira parte as características dos sujeitos e na segunda um roteiro com questões abertas que possibilitaram ao residente falar sobre os riscos no ambiente laboral, o modo como era afetado e os mecanismos de enfrentamento adotados. Ao término das entrevistas, realizadas no segundo semestre de 2012 e registradas em meio digital, aplicou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, sendo os resultados discutidos a luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Os resultados evidenciaram que o enfermeiro residente de unidades especializadas encontra-se exposto a inúmeros fatores de risco psicossocial e entre eles: a sobrecarga física e psíquica do trabalho, a ambiguidade de papéis, o relacionamento interpessoal conflituoso, a pouca autonomia, o baixo controle em relação ao processo de trabalho e a precariedade das condições de trabalho. Tais fatores, além de afetarem o processo de formação do residente, acarretam prejuízos a sua saúde física e mental; identificados a partir de queixas como: cansaço, estresse, desgaste, padrão de sono ruim, problemas gastrintestinais, dermatológicos e osteomusculares. Diante do sofrimento no trabalho, o enfermeiro residente elabora estratégias de manejo centradas na emoção (autocontrole, aceitação das responsabilidades, fuga, confronto e resignação) e no problema (negociação, tentativa de solução, suporte social, reavaliação positiva). Concluiu-se que o enfermeiro residente encontra-se exposto a inúmeros fatores de risco psicossocial em unidades especializadas que afetam a sua saúde física e mental. No intuito de concluir a residência e preservar a saúde, o residente elabora estratégias de manejo, que apesar de essenciais não eliminam o sofrimento no trabalho e os problemas vivenciados no dia a dia. Cabe ao órgão formador identificar, monitorar e combater os riscos referidos pelo residente no intuito de promover a capacitação, a satisfação e o bem estar no trabalho, ao se considerar a responsabilidade social pela formação, saúde e inserção do futuro profissional no mercado de trabalho.

Relatório de Estágio - Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, Escola Secundária de São Lourenço e Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre

Com a elaboração deste relatório, pretende-se descrever as ações por nós desenvolvidas no estágio do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem - Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária, as quais se realizaram na Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, na Escola Secundária de São Lourenço e ainda na Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre. Na Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira foi aplicado um questionário a 264 alunos de 8º ano, 9º ano, 10º ano e uma turma de CEF, para fazer o diagnóstico de situação daquela comunidade escolar relativamente à sexualidade, para tal foi estabelecido um projeto de trabalho entre esta escola e a Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre, no sentido de privilegiar a Área da Educação para a Saúde – Sexualidade na Adolescência. Foi elaborado um projeto de intervenção comunitária, tendo por base o planeamento em saúde, onde foram definidas prioridades, fixaram-se objetivos, selecionaram-se estratégias, fez-se uma preparação da execução, executou-se e avaliou-se a intervenção. Nesta intervenção foram realizadas várias sessões de Educação para a Saúde, onde falamos sobre vários temas, todos eles ligados à Sexualidade. Esta intervenção estendeu-se também a duas turmas da Escola Secundária de São Lourenço. A outra área de intervenção comunitária teve lugar na Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre e contou com 317 alunos do 9º ano e 12º ano da área ciências e tecnologia do Concelho de Portalegre, tendo sido realizadas várias sessões de educação para a saúde, sessões essas interativas, onde se falou de Suporte Básico de Vida, se aprendeu a avaliar a tensão arterial, o índice de massa corporal e falamos ainda sobre hábitos de vida saudáveis É na adolescência, que se adquirem hábitos e comportamentos saudáveis. Assim, os profissionais de saúde, conjuntamente com a escola, a família e a comunidade envolvente, poderão ter um papel preponderante, capacitando os jovens de competências que lhes permitam optar por comportamentos saudáveis, a nível de alimentação, álcool, uso de drogas, prevenção de infeções sexualmente transmissíveis, gravidez e cidadania, sendo a escola um lugar de excelência para tal capacitação.

Relatório de Estágio de Intervenção Comunitária

Este relatório insere-se no âmbito do Estágio de Intervenção Comunitária integrado no 3º Mestrado em Enfermagem, área de Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária, que decorreu entre 16 de setembro de 2013 e 31 de janeiro de 2014 na Freguesia de Tramaga. Tendo por base a metodologia do planeamento em saúde, no estágio foram planeadas e desenvolvidas atividades na comunidade, direcionadas para os problemas e necessidades identificadas, contribuindo para a minimização dos mesmos, e para a capacitação dos idosos para a adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. As atividades desenvolvidas consistirem na promoção da saúde através de sessões de educação para a saúde, fomentando estilos de vida saudáveis, procurando envolver Entidades da comunidade através de parcerias. Este relatório tem como finalidade descrever, analisar e avaliar as atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio. Todas as atividades previstas foram realizadas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento das competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública definidas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros

Specialist nursing training in Poland: Applications for neuroscience nursing

Background: Nurses have a pivotal role in providing, facilitating, advocating and promoting the best possible care and outcome for the client. To ensure decisions and actions are based on current standards of practice, nurses must be accountable for participation in ongoing education in their area of practice. Aim: To present a description of the current state of Polish nursing education and specialized model for neurological and neurosurgical nursing that can be utilized for both undergraduate and postgraduate continuing education in Poland. Data sources: The model of postgraduate training introduced in Poland in 2000 was taken into consideration in developing the framework for neuroscience nursing postgraduate continuing education presented here. The framework for neurological continuing education is also based on a review of the literature and is consistent with Poland’s legally binding professional nursing regulations (normative and implementing regulations). Conclusion: The model demonstrates the need for the content of pre- and post-undergraduate degree education in neurological nursing to be graduated, based on the frameworks for undergraduate education (acquiring the knowledge and basic skills for performing the work of nurses) and postgraduate education (acquiring knowledge and specialist skills necessary for providing advanced nursing care including medical acts on patients with nervous system diseases). Implications for nursing: New and advanced skills gained in specialization training can be applied to complex functions, roles and professional tasks undertaken by nurses in relation to care of patients with neurological dysfunctions.

A Phenomenological Study Exploring the Experiences of Men Who Work in Maternal-Newborn Nursing Positions

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of men who choose to work in maternal-newborn nursing roles. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of six male nurses who worked in maternal-newborn settings using a semi-structured guide. Four themes emerged: Motivation and Influences in Career Choice, Barriers to Developing Caring Confidence as Maternal-Newborn Nurses, Surviving as Men in Maternal-Newborn Nursing, and The Invisible Norms Associated with Men in Maternal-Newborn Nursing. The study generated meaning surrounding career selection and addressed motivating factors such as role modeling, life experience, and passion for the area of specialization or convenience. There is importance in understanding the experiences of men who choose to work in maternal-newborn nursing roles. Thus, this research has implications for nursing, practice, education, and research, particularly with nursing leadership, policy makers, educators, guidance counselors, and men considering maternal-newborn nursing roles.

Hospital in the home: constructions of the nursing role - a literature review

• Acute medical and nursing treatment in the home is increasingly seen as an alternative to hospitalization. Models such as hospital in the home (HITH) or acute home care are said to provide a safe, comfortable environment for patients that is conducive to healing.

• A review of the literature reveals the embryonic nature of the research and discussion related to this alternative care delivery model. In general, the benefits of hospital in the home programmes are presented in an uncritical manner.

• Medical practitioners have embraced the move to home care as a means of expanding the use of advanced technologies and improved drug regimes beyond the hospital walls.

• The nursing response has been mechanistic and recipe-like while advancing the HITH nursing role as an opportunity for speciality practice by virtue of the increased autonomy and independence required.

• This review demonstrates the influence of a professional mandate for specialization, and the ideological and scientific interests that have influenced the role of the nurse.

Shaping an Autralian nursing and midwifery specialy framework for workforce regulation: criteria development

One of the biggest obstacles identified in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) was the lack of available qualified health personal to meet the health needs of the global population. With nurses being the main workforce  component in health systems, the human resource challenge for most  countries is to address the reported shortage of nurses. Skill mix is one suggestion.

In Australia, workforce projections indicated a shortage of 40,000 nurses by 2010. Toward the reform of the Australian health workforce, one project aimed to develop a nationally consistent framework for nursing and midwifery specialization based on knowledge and skills to generate the first national  database iteration for designated specialties. A literature review looked at the way nursing specialty practices were defined in the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Canada. Three international and three national sources of criteria for specialty nursing practice were mapped against each other. The result was six criteria synthesized to define nursing practice groups as Australian  nursing specialties. Each criterion was operationalized with criteria indicators to meet Australian expectations. The nurses in Australia commented on the criteria before they were finalized. An audit of national workforce databases identified nursing practice groups. The criteria were applied to identify nursing specialties and practice strands that would form a national nursing framework. This paper reports on the criteria developed to assess specialty practice at a national level in Australia.

Advanced nursing practice : a global perspective

Aim: To review the titles, roles and scope of practice of Advanced Practice Nurses internationally.----- Background: There is a worldwide shortage of nurses but there is also an increased demand for nurses with enhanced skills who can manage a more diverse, complex and acutely ill patient population than ever before. As a result, a variety of nurses in advanced practice positions has evolved around the world. The differences in nomenclature have led to confusion over the roles, scope of practice and professional boundaries of nurses in an international context.----- Method: CINAHL, Medline, and the Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews were searched from 1987 to 2008. Information was also obtained through government health and professional organisation websites. All information in the literature regarding current and past status, and nomenclature of advanced practice nursing was considered relevant.----- Findings: There are many names for Advanced Practice Nurses, and although many of these roles are similar in their function, they can often have different titles.----- Conclusion: Advanced Practice Nurses are critical for the future, provide cost-effective care and are highly regarded by patients/clients. They will be a constant and permanent feature of future health care provision. However, clarification regarding their classification and regulation is necessary in some countries.

Neonatal palliative care attitude scale : development of an instrument to measure the barriers to and facilitators of palliative care in neonatal nursing

OBJECTIVE The aim of this research project was to obtain an understanding of the barriers to and facilitators of providing palliative care in neonatal nursing. This article reports the first phase of this research: to develop and administer an instrument to measure the attitudes of neonatal nurses to palliative care. METHODS The instrument developed for this research (the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale) underwent face and content validity testing with an expert panel and was pilot tested to establish temporal stability. It was then administered to a population sample of 1285 neonatal nurses in Australian NICUs, with a response rate of 50% (N 645). Exploratory factor-analysis techniques were conducted to identify scales and subscales of the instrument. RESULTS Data-reduction techniques using principal components analysis were used. Using the criteria of eigenvalues being 1, the items in the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale extracted 6 factors, which accounted for 48.1% of the variance among the items. By further examining the questions within each factor and the Cronbach’s of items loading on each factor, factors were accepted or rejected. This resulted in acceptance of 3 factors indicating the barriers to and facilitators of palliative care practice. The constructs represented by these factors indicated barriers to and facilitators of palliative care practice relating to (1) the organization in which the nurse practices, (2) the available resources to support a palliative model of care, and (3) the technological imperatives and parental demands. CONCLUSIONS The subscales identified by this analysis identified items that measured both barriers to and facilitators of palliative care practice in neonatal nursing. While establishing preliminary reliability of the instrument by using exploratory factor-analysis techniques, further testing of this instrument with different samples of neonatal nurses is necessary using a confirmatory factor-analysis approach.

Re-invent yourself: from London intensive care nursing and the Nigerian oil fields to an an academic library in Brisbane; a career change worth making.

A complete change of career forces a seismic shift in every aspect of your life. From day one, you have to face the loss of long held beliefs, behaviours, the known world of self, and security. We came from professions that themselves are poles apart, and many of the challenges we faced entering the profession were the same: juggling full-time work, part time study, and family commitmemts, taking a pay cut, and loss of social life. But over a short period of time we both transitioned to our new profession successfully. so what make our successful transition possible?