Enhancing student learning in the workplace through developing the leadership capabilities of clinical supervisors in the nursing discipline

The purpose of this project was to build the leadership capacity of clinical supervisors in the nursing discipline by developing, implementing and systematically embedding a leadership model into the structure and practice of student supervision. The University worked in partnership with three major metropolitan hospitals in Queensland to develop a framework and professional development program incorporating leadership and clinical supervision. The Leadership and Clinical Education (LaCE) program consisted of two structured workshops complemented by individual personal development projects undertaken by participants. Participants were supported in these activities with a purpose-built website that provides access to a wide variety of information and other learning resources. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations indicated that the approach was highly valued by participants, as it promoted useful peer dialogue, sharing of experiences and personal development in relation to assisting leadership development and student learning in the workplace. The LaCE program provides an ideal springboard for introducing the development of welltrained leaders into the clinical workplace. The resources developed have the potential to provide ongoing support for clinical supervisors to improve the learning of undergraduate nursing student. The challenge will be to achieve continued innovation within clinical education through sustainable leadership programs.

Uncovering the evidence of non-expert nephrology nursing practice

Expertise in nursing has been widely studied although there have been no previous studies into what constitutes expertise in nephrology (renal) nursing. This paper, which is abstracted from a larger study into the acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise, provides evidence of the characteristics and practices of non-expert nephrology nurses. Using the grounded theory method, the study took place in one renal unit in New South Wales, Australia, and involved six non-expert and 11 expert nurses. Sampling was purposive then theoretical. Simultaneous data collection and analysis using participant observation, review of nursing documentation and semistructured interviews was undertaken. The study revealed a three-stage skills-acquisitive process that was identified as non-expert, experienced non-expert and expert stages. Non-expert nurses showed superficial nephrology nursing knowledge and limited experience; they were acquiring basic nephrology nursing skills and possessed a narrow focus of practice.

The acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise : A grounded theory study

Aims and objectives. This purpose of this study was to describe the process of expertise acquisition in nephrology nursing practice. Background. It has been recognized for a number of decades that experts, compared with other practitioners in a number of professions and occupations, are the most knowledgeable and effective, in terms of both the quantity and quality of output. Studies relating to expertise have been undertaken in a range of nursing contexts and specialties; to date, however, none have been undertaken which focus on nephrology nursing. Design. This study, using grounded theory methodology, took place in one renal unit in New South Wales, Australia and involved six non-expert and 11 expert nurses. Methods. Simultaneous data collection and analysis took place using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and review of nursing documentation. Findings. The study revealed a three-stage skills-acquisitive process that was identified as non-expert, experienced non-expert and expert stages. Each stage was typified by four characteristics, which altered during the acquisitive process; these were knowledge, experience, skill and focus. Conclusion. This was the first study to explore nephrology nursing expertise and uncovered new aspects of expertise not documented in the literature and it also made explicit other areas, which had only been previously implied. Relevance to clinical practice. Of significance to nursing, the exercise of expertise is a function of the recognition of expertise by others and it includes the blurring of the normal boundaries of professional practice. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Toward an in-depth understanding of cardiovascular interventional nursing : a qualitative study into nursing within the cardiac catheterisation laboratory setting

Introduction: Nursing in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory (CCL) varies globally in terms of scope and deployment. In the US, all allied staff are cross-trained into all CCL roles. The Australian and New Zealand experience has legislative frameworks that reserves specific functions to nurses. Yet, the nursing role within the CCL is poorly researched and defined. Aim: This study sought to gain deeper understanding of the perceived role of CCL nurses in Australia and New Zealand. Method: A descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews was used. A cross-sectional sample of 23 senior clinical nurses or nursing managers representing 16 CCLs across Australia and New Zealand was obtained. Data were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim prior to analysis by three researchers. Results: Five major themes emerged from the data. These themes were: 1. The CCL is a unique environment; 2. CCL nursing is a unique and advanced cardiac nursing discipline; 3. The recruitment attributes for CCL nurses are advanced; 4. Education needs to be standardised; and 5. The evidence to support practice is poor. Discussion: The CCL environment is a dynamic, deeply interdisciplinary setting with CCL nursing seen to be a unique advanced practice role. Yet the time has come for a scope of practice, educational standards, guidelines and competencies was expressed by the participants. Conclusion: Nursing in the CCL is an advanced practice role working within a complex interdisciplinary environment. Further work is required to define the role of CCL nurses together with the evidence-base for their practice.

Palliative care challenges : implications for nurses' practice in renal settings

The very act of withdrawing dialysis places renal nurses in a unique practice setting requiring a sudden shift in care delivery from one of providing Ife-sustaining, active treatment to that of palliation. The impact of this act on the renal nurse remains largely invisible. Minimal research has been conducted that explores the significant issues and challenges that exist for renal nurses in the delivery of palliation following withdrawal of dialysis treatment. This paper attempts to highlight the issues and challenges that do exist for renal nurses in providing palliation and the subsequent lack of available research knowledge to inform practice in the renal setting. It recommends further research be conducted into the renal setting so as to inform the development of appropriate education to support renal nurses practice in the future.

El arte de registrar. La importancia de los registros de enfermería

[ES]La literatura especializada coincide en señalar serios problemas en los registros de enfermería. Se registra mal por muchos motivos: por desconocimiento, por inexperiencia, por la idea de que es una tarea burocrática y ajena, y sobre todo por una idea distorsionada del rol de la enfermería. Un registro adecuado contribuye no sólo a la calidad de los cuidados, sino que hace visible el trabajo que enfermería realiza y puede contribuir a desarrollar la disciplina enfermera y reforzar su rol independiente. En este trabajo se analiza, a partir de la literatura especializada, el problema de los registros de enfermería: los problemas más frecuentes y sus causas, la perspectiva de las enfermeras sobre los registros, los problemas éticos y legales que implican y las posibles soluciones para una nueva manera de registrar.

Le processus de production de savoirs dans la pratique infirmière au moyen de la réflexivité

Un nouveau cadre théorique pour concevoir le processus de production du savoir dans la pratique infirmière s’avère nécessaire pour tenir compte du processus sur les plans individuel et collectif et de l’influence du contexte dans cette production. Pour cette démarche, c’est la théorie de la réflexivité de Giddens qui nous a semblé être la plus pertinente pour guider la présente étude qui visait à décrire et à comprendre le processus de production du savoir dans la pratique infirmière au moyen de la réflexivité. Plus concrètement, l’étude s’est intéressée à découvrir les conditions et dynamiques des contextes institutionnel, pratique et professionnel qui peuvent influencer le processus de production du savoir dans la pratique infirmière ainsi qu’identifier les étapes de ce processus. Le constructivisme projectif fut le paradigme qui a guidé l’étude. Le devis de recherche ce fut l’analyse secondaire de données qualitatives. Le contexte de l’étude était une unité de soins intensifs d’un hôpital général et universitaire à Barcelone. La collecte de données avait été réalisée à l’aide de l’observation systématique, de six entrevues structurées, de sept réunions de groupe et d’une analyse documentaire. L’analyse des données a été effectuée selon des critères provenant de l’approche mixte de Miles et Huberman, du processus d’analyse des données qualitatives de Morse ainsi que des recommandations faites par des auteurs clés par rapport à l’analyse secondaire. Les critères de rigueur ont été utilisés et les aspects éthiques ont été assurés. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent que les conditions et dynamiques des contextes institutionnel, pratique et professionnel influencent profondément l’action infirmière et le développement du savoir. Ces conditions et dynamiques sont intériorisées dans la vie professionnelle des infirmières et constituent des façons «normales» d’aborder la pratique. Toutefois, bien qu’il existe une acceptation du statu quo, les sentiments contradictoires et la souffrance ressortent facilement. Ces conditions et dynamiques provoquent chez les infirmières une incapacité à agir de façon juste, éthique et responsable ainsi qu’une limitation face à l’exploration de nouvelles possibilités, formulations et manifestations de pratique. Les résultats mettent également en évidence les étapes du processus de production du savoir au moyen de quatre grands thèmes: la reconnaissance de la réflexivité quotidienne, l’examen systématique des pratiques, la construction d’un nouveau savoir et la reconstruction émancipatrice du savoir. Finalement, cette thèse met en relief l’importance de la théorie de Giddens pour l’étude de la production du savoir et de la relation entre l’infirmière et le contexte ainsi que l’utilisation du devis d’analyse secondaire des données qualitatives pour la discipline infirmière.

Nurse-patient communication while performing home dialysis: The patients' perceptions

This study aimed at describing patients' perception of their communication with nurses when performing home dialysis. Data were collected from interviews guided by the question: What is communication like, between you and nurses, during home dialysis treatment? Results show participants' perception of treatment during home peritoneal dialysis [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]; relationship with nurses and family and the effects of treatment on one's existence. Patients can be self-caring and they learn to value the autonomy in their own care. However, some are unable to assume the responsibility for self-care. It was discovered that the connotation of inspection that some participants attributed to the nurse's visits, led to an alienation from the education process in the CAPD education. Findings suggest that effective communication and the development of the relationship of a working partnership with patients is crucial. Improvement in the nurses' communication, aiming at adapting it to the characteristics, limitations and specific needs of each patient, is significant for achieving better outcomes. © 2010 European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association.

Have you got what it takes? Nursing in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit

Purpose A Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and or High Dependency Unit (HDU) is a locked, intensive treatment facility available to people experiencing acute psychiatric distress. For many people who access public mental health services in Australia, the PICU/HDU is the primary point of admission, and should represent and facilitate timely assessment and an optimum treatment plan under a recovery framework. Nurses are the largest health discipline working in this specialty area of care. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study aimed to investigate the skills, experience, and practice, of nurses working in the PICU/HDU in relation to a recovery model of care. Identifying how nurses provide care in the PICU/HDU will inform a clinical practice guideline to further support this specialty area of care. Four focus groups were facilitated with 52 registered nurses attending. Findings The nurse participants identified specific skills under four distinct themes; Storytelling, Treatment and recovery, Taking responsibility, and Safeguarding. The skills highlight the expertise and clinical standard required to support a recovery model of care in the PICU. Research limitations/implications – The research findings highlight urgency for a National PICU/HDU clinical practice guideline. Practical implications A PICU/HDU practice guideline will promote the standard of nursing care required in the PICU/HDU. The PICU/HDU needs to be recognised as a patient centred, therapeutic opportunity as opposed to a restrictive and custodial clinical area. Social implications Providing transparency of practice in the PICU/HDU and educating nurses to this specialty area of care will improve client outcome and recovery. Originality/value Very few studies have explored the skills, experience, and practice, of nurses working in the PICU/HDU in relation to a recovery model of care. A dearth of research exists on what is required to work in this specialty area of care.

Nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal: similarities and specificities

Objective: To identify similarities/specificities in the nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal. This is a documentary research conducted in two higher education institutions, in January 2013. Method: It was focused on the National Curriculum Guidelines and on the Bologna Process. Results: Common points: objectives and profile of the newly-trained nurses grounded on competencies; teaching of education in/for health. Brazilian specificity: universal admission; three disciplines focused on research; mandatory discipline related to elderly care; two optional disciplines: Alternative therapies and Brazilian Language of Signs; insertion of complementary activities, actions in teaching/research/extension; basis of teaching: compliance with the Brazilian Unified Health System. Portuguese Specificity: admission with regionalized medical certificate; grounded on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System; compulsory disciplines: Clinical Reasoning in Nursing; Family Nursing; Development throughout life; Rehabilitative Nursing and Prospects of development of the Nursing; two optional disciplines: entrepreneurship and arts; basis of teaching: clinical teaching. Conclusions: There are similarities and specificities between the surveyed courses.

Nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal: similarities and specificities

Objective: To identify similarities/specificities in the nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal. This is a documentary research conducted in two higher education institutions, in January 2013. Method: It was focused on the National Curriculum Guidelines and on the Bologna Process. Results: Common points: objectives and profile of the newly-trained nurses grounded on competencies; teaching of education in/for health. Brazilian specificity: universal admission; three disciplines focused on research; mandatory discipline related to elderly care; two optional disciplines: Alternative therapies and Brazilian Language of Signs; insertion of complementary activities, actions in teaching/research/extension; basis of teaching: compliance with the Brazilian Unified Health System. Portuguese Specificity: admission with regionalized medical certificate; grounded on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System; compulsory disciplines: Clinical Reasoning in Nursing; Family Nursing; Development throughout life; Rehabilitative Nursing and Prospects of development of the Nursing; two optional disciplines: entrepreneurship and arts; basis of teaching: clinical teaching. Conclusions: There are similarities and specificities between the surveyed courses.

L'évolution de la conception personnelle de la discipline infirmière d'étudiants en soins infirmiers

Peu d’écrits décrivent la conception personnelle de la discipline infirmière des étudiants ou son évolution. Pourtant, celle-ci guide la pratique des étudiants (Fawcett, 2002; Pepin, Kérouac, & Ducharme, 2010) et a des impacts sur leur persévérance dans leur formation (Spouse, 2000). Le but de cette recherche était d’explorer l’évolution de la conception personnelle de la discipline infirmière d’étudiants pendant leur formation collégiale. Ce mémoire présente une étude qualitative exploratoire fondée sur un cadre de référence liant le constructivisme radical (Glasersfeld, 1994) et le centre d’intérêt de la discipline (Pepin et al., 2010). Des entrevues individuelles ont été menées auprès de onze étudiants de première, troisième et cinquième sessions (n=11). Les données ont été analysées par questionnement analytique (Paillé & Mucchielli, 2010). Selon les participants, un soin « humain » est préalable aux « soins » de l’infirmier. Ils décrivent que l’infirmier guide une personne unique, détenant des capacités afin qu’elle accomplisse ses activités et prenne soin d’elle-même pour maintenir sa santé mentale et physique ; l’environnement hospitalier ne rejoint pas les conditions idéales identifiées par les participants. La compréhension des concepts centraux devient plus complexe durant leur formation. Les participants attribuent surtout ces changements à leurs expériences de stages. Finalement, la présente étude fournit des pistes aux enseignants afin qu’ils puissent soutenir l’apprentissage des conceptions de la discipline et orienter la construction d’une conception personnelle de la discipline infirmière utile à la pratique des étudiants.

The production of critical-reflexive narratives and their effect on nursing students' portfolios

The objective of this study is to analyze the process of producing reflexive narratives on nursing students' portfolios. This qualitative study performed an analysis of the portfolios of the class discipline Health Promotion in Primary Education, taught in the fourth semester of the Nursing Licensure Course. Results showed an initial predominance of descriptive records, with the incipient approach of theoretical aspects associated with the aspects regarding their experience. Further, in the group and experience discussions, there were narratives containing more critical and reflexive elements, with justifications for the described actions and the relationships with the theoretical-practical aspects studied in the class and in the course. In conclusion, there is a process of producing critical-reflexive narratives in portfolios that could include a summarized description, using common sense and idealization which allows for including the differences and the theoretical review.

Taxonomy of nursing clinical credibility as described by nurses and physicians

Introduction: Nursing clinical credibility, a complex, abstract concept is rarely mentioned in the clinical setting, but is implicitly understood by nurses and physicians. The concept has neither been defined nor explored, despite its repeated use in literature. A review of the extant literature formed the basis for a concept analysis of nursing clinical credibility, which is currently under review for publication. ^ Methods: Using taxonomic analysis, findings of a descriptive qualitative research study in which registered nurses and physicians identified attributes of nursing clinical credibility as it applied to nurses in direct care roles in a hospital setting, formed the basis for development of taxonomies of nursing clinical credibility. A secondary review of literature was undertaken to verify congruence of the taxonomic domains with the work of previous researchers who studied credibility and source credibility. ^ Results: Three taxonomies of nursing clinical credibility emerged from the taxonomic analysis. Using an inductive approach, two separate taxonomies of nursing clinical credibility emerged; one was developed from the descriptions of nursing clinical credibility by registered nurses, and the other from physicians' descriptions of nursing clinical credibility. A third and final taxonomy reflects commonalities within both taxonomies. Three domains were consistent for both nurses and physicians: trustworthiness, expertise, and caring. The two disciplines differed in categories and emphases within the domains; however, both disciplines focused on the attributes of trustworthiness and caring, although physicians and nurses differed on components of expertise. ^ Discussion: Findings from this study of nursing clinical credibility concur with the work of previous researchers who identified trustworthiness and expertise as attributes of credibility and source credibility. Findings suggest however, that trustworthiness and expertise alone are not sufficient attributes of nursing clinical credibility. Caring emerged as an essential domain of nursing clinical credibility according to both nurses and physicians. ^ Products: Products of this research include a concept analysis, two discipline-specific taxonomies of nursing clinical credibility, a third final taxonomy, and a monograph that describes the development of the final taxonomy of nursing clinical credibility. ^