Has Deregulation Affected Births, Deaths, and Marriages in the U.S. Commercial Banking Industry?

Regulatory change not seen since the Great Depression swept the U.S. banking industry beginning in the early 1980s and culminating with the Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994. Banking analysts anticipated dramatic consolidation with large numbers of mergers and acquisitions. Less well documented, but equally important, was the continuing entry of new banks, tempering the decline in the overall number of banking institutions. This paper examines whether deregulation affected bank new-charter (birth), failure (death), and merger (marriage) rates during the 1980s and 1990s after controlling for bank performance and state economic activity. We find evidence that intrastate deregulation stimulated births and marriages, but not deaths. Moreover, we find little evidence that interstate deregulation affected births, deaths, or marriages, except that the marriage rate rose after the implementation of the Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act. Finally, pair-wise temporal causality tests among births, deaths, and marriages show that mergers temporally lead new charters and that failures lead mergers (a demonstration effect).

Has Deregulation Affected Births, Deaths, and Marriages in the U.S. Commercial Banking Industry?

Regulatory change not seen since the Great Depression swept the U.S. banking industry beginning in the early 1980s and culminating with the Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994. Banking analysts anticipated dramatic consolidation with large numbers of mergers and acquisitions. Less well documented, but equally important, was the continuing entry of new banks, tempering the decline in the overall number of banking institutions. This paper examines whether deregulation affected bank new-charter, failure, and merger rates during the 1980s and 1990s after controlling for bank performance and state economic activity. We find evidence that intrastate deregulation stimulated new charters and mergers, but not failures. Moreover, we find little evidence that interstate deregulation affected new charters, failures, or mergers.

A new collection of laws, charters and local ordinances of the governments of Great Britain, France and Spain : relating to the concessions of land in their respective colonies, together with the laws of Mexico and Texas on the same subject, to which is prefixed Judge Johnson's translation of Azo and Manuel's Institutes of the civil law of Spain /

Includes index.

A short view of the history of the New England colonies, with respect to their charters and constitution.

First edition, London, 1769, published under title: A short view of the history of the colony of Massachusetts Bay.

Meeting of congregation for election of 6 trustees and to obtain a new charter

Digital image

Jazz, New Orleans, 1885-1963 : an index to the Negro musicians of New Orleans.

"Discographical appendix: The New Orleans recordings": p. 130-154.

The Charter of the city of New York : Chapter 466, laws of 1901, with amendments to and including 1916.

Includes index.

The Charter of the City of New York.

"An act to amend the Charter of the City of New York, passed April 7, 1830": 7 p. at end.

Select charters and other documents illustrative of American history, 1606-1775 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Charter of the city of New Haven.

Mode of access: Internet.

The charter of the city of New York : chapter 466, laws of 1901, with amendments to and including 1915, and city ordinances, charter amendments.

Subtitle from cover: An act to provide for the government of New York -- including 1915 amendments : a history of city charter making.

Loose leaf digest of city manager charters,

"Prepared in the Bureau of government of the University of Michigan."-Pref.

The railroad laws and charters of the United States, now for the first time collated, arranged in chronological order, and published with a synopsis and explanatory remarks.

v. 1 Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont.--v. 2. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut.