Descubrimiento e investigación de un medio natural : Cala Murta de Formentor.

A/ Dar vida a la escuela y sacarla de su edificio. B/ Creer que se debe enseñar y aprender disfrutando. C/ Proporcionar instrumentos de trabajo y metodología. D/ Fomentar en los niños el amor a la naturaleza: su cuidado, su conservación, como único medio de conseguir ciudadanos más equilibrados y más estables emocionalmente. E/ Realizar a lo largo del curso una serie de salidas por el término municipal para recoger y observar vegetales y cosas que nos indiquen formas de vida en la ruralía. F/ Aprovechar las salidas para observar la naturaleza en sus más variadas manifestaciones. Ciclo Medio (tercero, cuarto y quinto de EGB) del Col-legi Public de Campanet (Balears). Este trabajo se plantea a dos niveles; por un lado realizar, a lo largo del curso escolar, cinco salidas para estudiar el entorno natural de Campanet y, por otro, una estancia de una semana de duración en Cala Murta de Formentor. Cada excursión, consta de mapa, objetivos, preparación, desarrollo y actividades. Todas las actividades llevadas a cabo se separan en tres grupos: A/ Trabajos diarios, que son acciones encaminadas a fomentar la observación. B/ Trabajos realizados a partir de las excursiones, donde se dan explicaciones sobre conceptos vegetales, fichas de observación y procedimientos para preparar los herbarios, se enseña el manejo de los instrumentos, se señalan los itinerarios a seguir, se hacen dibujos y esquemas de algunas especies concretas y de algunas aves, se realizan composiciones escritas de las salidas y trabajos específicos, se proyectan las diapositivas y se elabora un gran mural. C/ Trabajos realizados para el campamento que se dividen en dos bloques; los de preparación y las actividades realizadas. Al final se presentan los trabajos elaborados por los alumnos. Herbarios, redacciones, poemas. Varias son las conclusiones, aunque consideran que una verdadera valoración de los resultados en estos momentos es imposible de hacer. Entre los aspectos positivos destacan: -la elevada participación de los alumnos, -la creación de un clima de trabajo lúdico, -el buen comportamiento de los chicos en el campo, -el desarrollo de un trabajo personalizado, pulcro y cuidadoso, -el manejo de nombres científicos, -el aumento de la curiosidad por la naturaleza. Entre los aspectos mejorables; -las fichas de observación, los conceptos previos y el tiempo, cosa difícil de sacar del horario escolar. Una vez visto esto, creen que lo ideal es ir haciendo pequeñas acciones a partir del tercer nivel, complicándolas cada vez hasta llegar a sexto nivel donde podrán completar y asimilar plenamente todo lo estudiado.

THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A MICROLITE-GROUP MINERAL WITH A FORMULA NEAR NaCaTa(2)O(6)F FROM THE MORRO REDONDO MINE, CORONEL MURTA, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

We present electron-microprobe and single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data for a microlite-group mineral with a formula near NaCaTa(2)O(6)F from the Morro Redondo mine, Coronel Murta, Minas Gerais, Brazil. On the basis of these data, the formula is A(Na(0.88)Ca(0.88)Pb(0.02)square(0.22))(Sigma 2.00) (B)(Ta(1.70)Nb(0.14)Si(0.12)As(0.04))(Sigma 2.00) (X)[(O(5.75)(OH)(0.25)](Sigma 6.00) (Y)(F(0.73)square(0.27))(Sigma 1.00). According to the new nomenclature for the pyrochlore-supergroup minerals, it is intermediate between fluornatromicrolite and "" fluorcalciomicrolite"". The crystal structure, F (d3) over barm, a = 10.4396(12) angstrom, has been refined to an R(1) value of 0.0258 (wR(2) = 0.0715) for 107 reflections (MoK alpha radiation). There is a scarcity of crystal-chemical data for pyrochlore-supergroup minerals in the literature. A compilation of these data is presented here.

Por Don Iuan Geronimo Masco olim Vives, de la Orden de Alcantara. Con El Convento de Nuestra Señora de la Murta. En el Pleito sobre la mission en posession de los bienes de la casa de los Mascones, que possehia don Diego Vique y Mascò

Sign.: A-N2

Kitāb Tuḥfat al-Murtaḍawīyah [microform] /

Microfilm.

Evaluation of the Incidence of Bladder Perforation After Transurethral Bladder Tumor Resection in a Residency Setting

Purpose: To evaluate prospectively the actual bladder perforation incidence during transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) performed by residents and to identify possible predisposing factors to such condition. Patients and Methods: Thirty-four patients with bladder tumor were submitted to TURB in our academic institution in April 2006, and were prospectively studied. Procedures were all done by senior residents under an attending direct supervision. All patients had a cystograms performed after the procedure by the injection of 400 mL of saline-diluted contrast solution with low-pressure infusion through the Foley catheter. The cystograms were evaluated blindly by a single radiologist. All patients were examined by cystoscopy and/or CT every 3 months for the first 2 years postoperatively. Results: The cystogram showed contrast leaking compatible with bladder perforation in 17 (50%) cases. None of the perforations were recognized intraoperatively by the surgeon. All perforations were extraperitoneal and managed conservatively. There was no significant correlation between the incidence of bladder perforation and the patient age (p = 0.508), the tumor stage (p = 0.998), the tumor grade (p = 0.833), the number of lesions (p = 0.394), and the tumor size (p = 0.651). The only factor that had impact on the development of bladder perforation was tumor localization at the bottom of the bladder (p = 0.035; OR, 6750; 95% CI, 1.14, 39.8). Conclusion: Asymptomatic perforations of the bladder wall occur very frequently after a TURB procedure performed by residents in training and, most of the time, are not noticed by the surgeon. Localization of the tumor at bladder dome was the only factor that negatively influenced perforation rates.

Videodensitometric analysis of advanced carotid plaque: correlation with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) promote derangement of the extracellular matrix, which is ultimately reflected in plaque images seen on ultrasound. Videodensitometry can identify structural disturbances in plaques. Objectives: To establish the correlations between values determined using videodensitometry in B-mode ultrasound images of advanced carotid plaques and the total expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in these removed plaques. Methods: Thirty patients underwent ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid plaques before surgery, using mean gray level (MGL), energy, entropy and homogeneity. Each patient was assigned preoperatively to one of 2 groups: group I, symptomatic patients (n = 16; 12 males; mean age 66.7 +/- 6.8 years), and group II, asymptomatic patients (n = 14; 8 males; mean age 67.6 +/- 6.81 years). Tissue specimens were analyzed for MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression. Nine carotid arteries were used as normal tissue controls. Results: MMP-9 expression levels were elevated in group II and in normal tissues compared to group I (p < 0.001). TIMP-1 levels were higher in group II than in group I, and significantly higher in normal tissues than in group I (p = 0.039). The MGL was higher in group II compared to group I (p = 0.038). Energy had greater values in group II compared to group I (p = 0.02). There were no differences between patient groups in homogeneity and entropy. Energy positively correlated with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression (p = 0.012 and p = 0.031 respectively). Homogeneity positively correlated with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression (p = 0.034 and p = 0.047 respectively). There were no correlations between protein expression and MGL or entropy. Conclusions: Videodensitometric computer analysis of ultrasound scanning images can be used to identify stable carotid plaques, which have higher total expression levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 than unstable plaques.

SHOENFELD`S SYNDROME AFTER PANDEMIC INFLUENZA A/H1N1 VACCINATION

Recently, reports have suggested grouping different autoimmune conditions that are triggered by external stimuli as a single syndrome called autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). This syndrome is characterized by the appearance of myalgia, myositis, muscle weakness, arthralgia, arthritis, chronic fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment and memory loss, and the possible emergence of a demyelinating autoimmune disease caused by systemic exposure after vaccines and adjuvants. In the current study, the authors reported the first Brazilian case of a woman who developed ASIA, which was characterized by arthralgia, changes in inflammatory markers, and chronic fatigue, after the pandemic anti-influenza A/H1N1 vaccine without causing any other rheumatic disease, and it had a positive outcome.

Early identification of leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome by use of a validated prediction model

Objective: To identify prediction factors for the development of leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (LPHS). Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study. The study comprised of 203 patients, aged >= 14 years, admitted with complications of the severe form of leptospirosis at the Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectology (Sao Paulo, Brazil) between 1998 and 2004. Laboratory and demographic data were obtained and the severity of illness score and involvement of the lungs and others organs were determined. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of LPHS. A prospective validation cohort of 97 subjects with severe form of leptospirosis admitted at the same hospital between 2004 and 2006 was used to independently evaluate the predictive value of the model. Results: The overall mortality rate was 7.9%. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that five factors were independently associated with the development of LPHS: serum potassium (mmol/L) (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.1-5.9); serum creatinine (mmol/L) (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1-1.4); respiratory rate (breaths/min) (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.1-1.2); presenting shock (OR = 69.9; 95% CI = 20.1-236.4), and Glasgow Coma Scale Score (GCS) < 15 (OR = 7.7; 95% CI = 1.3-23.0). We used these findings to calculate the risk of LPHS by the use of a spreadsheet. In the validation cohort, the equation classified correctly 92% of patients (Kappa statistic = 0.80). Conclusions: We developed and validated a multivariate model for predicting LPHS. This tool should prove useful in identifying LPHS patients, allowing earlier management and thereby reducing mortality. (C) 2009 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of changing blood viscosity and heart rate on vena contracta width as evaluated by color Doppler flow mapping. An in vitro study with a pulsatile flow model

Background: There is only limited knowledge on how the quantification of valvular regurgitation by color Doppler is affected by changing blood viscosity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of changing blood viscosity on the vena contracta width using an in vitro model of valvular insufficiency capable of providing ample variation in the rate and stroke volume. Methods: We constructed a pulsatile flow model filled with human blood at varying hematocrit (15%, 35%, and 55%) and corresponding blood viscosity (blood/water viscosity: 2.6, 4.8, 9.1) levels in which jets were driven through a known orifice (7 mm(2)) into a 110 mL compliant receiving chamber (compliance: 2.2 mL/mmHg) by a pulsatile pump. In addition, we used variable pump stroke volumes (5, 7.5, and 10 mL) and rates (40, 60, and 80 ppm). Vena contracta region was imaged using a 3.5 MHz transducer. Pressure and volume in the flow model were kept constant during each experimental condition, as well as ultrasound settings. Results: Blood viscosity variation in the experimental range did not induce significant changes in vena contracta dimensions. Also, vena contracta width did not change from normal to low hematocrit and viscosity levels. A very modest increase only in vena contracta dimension was observed at very high level of blood viscosity when hematocrit was set to 55% . Pump rate, in the evaluated range, did not influence vena contracta width. These results in controlled experimental settings suggest that the vena contracta is an accurate quantitative method for quantifying valvular regurgitation even when this condition is associated with anemia, a frequent finding in patients with valvular heart disease.

Local profile of cytokines and nitric oxide in patients with bacterial vaginosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Objective: To evaluate the local immune response in patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), as assessed by cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Study design: Patients attending for routine gynaecological examination were prospectively enrolled in groups: BV (n = 25) diagnosed by clinical criteria, CIN graded I to III (n = 35, 6 CIN 1, 8 CIN 11 and 21 CIN 111) by histological analysis, and controls (n = 15) without clinical and cytological findings. Randomly selected patients within CIN group at grades 11 or III (n = 15) were re-evaluated at 60 days after surgical treatment. Endocervical (EC) and vaginal secretion samples were collected by cytobrush and the levels of cytokines (ELISA) and NO metabolite (Griess reaction) were assayed. Results: NO was assessed in all subjects, and cytokines in all controls, 15 BV and 30 CIN patients. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and nitrite levels were higher in EC than in vaginal secretions in BV and CIN groups. In CIN group, IL-8, IL-10 and nitrite concentrations were greater in EC and/or vaginal secretions than in BV or controls. Surgical treatment reduced IL-8 levels in EC and vaginal secretions. Conclusion: A similar local immune profile was found in BV and CIN groups. The increased local production of IL-8, IL-10 and NO in CIN suggests a role for these mediators in the immune response against tumour or tumour development. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A recepção adorniana de Freud no estudo da personalidade autoritária

Em geral, a tradição do pensamento metafísico entende que no desenvolvimento histórico da razão há um progresso. A existência do progresso requer o sacrifício do indivíduo ao longo da história. A filosofia de Theodor W. Adorno realiza um exame crítico do processo de esclarecimento vivido no Ocidente. Os estudos de Adorno mostram que a associação entre o “progresso” e o sacrifício da individualidade resulta na barbárie. Deste modo, Adorno evidencia os momentos do irracional conservados na sociedade racionalizada e que ameaçam o processo civilizatório. Neste trabalho, investigamos a influência de Sigmund Freud no pensamento de Adorno. Defendemos que a leitura adorniana de Freud é essencial para a explicação dos fatores subjetivos da personalidade autoritária. No entanto, a razão subjetiva não explica inteiramente os determinantes do caráter autoritário. Por isso, no primeiro capítulo nós apresentamos os pressupostos marxianos da razão objetiva. Além disso, indicamos a relação entre razão objetiva e razão subjetiva. No segundo capítulo, buscamos compreender a teoria de Freud e assinalamos como suas categorias manifestam as condições objetivas assinaladas por Adorno. No terceiro capítulo, examinamos a interpretação marxista realizada por Adorno sobre os determinantes psicológicos que favorecem a manifestação do caráter autoritário. Ao final, nós debatemos os resultados da recepção adorniana de Freud.

Corporal and testicular biometry in wild boar from birth to 12 months of age

The aim of this tudy was to evaluate corporal and testicular development in wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) from birth to 12 months of age, evaluating body weight, biometric testicular parameters, and gonadosomatic index. Thirty-nine male wild boars from a commercial farm licensed by IBAMA were used in the study. The animals were weighed and assigned to 13 experimental groups. The testes were recovered through unilateral orchiectomy, weighed on an analytical balance and measured for length, width and thickness. Body weight and testicular measures increased with the age, up to 12 months, and were more accelerated in the first and ninth months. Initially the testicular growth pattern, between zero and nine months, followed the body growth, and the gonadosomatic index varied from 0.07 to 0.09%. Between 9 and 11 months, the testicular growth was superior to the body growth, and the gonadosomatic index varied from 0.09 to 0.16%. Finally, after 11 months of age, testicular and body growth had a similar behavior. In conclusion, body weight, testicular biometry, and gonadosomatic index development accelerated in the ninth month.

Crítica ao manejo humano em Belo Horizonte

Este artigo apresenta uma visão crítica acerca da mudança dos camelôs para os de nominados shoppings populares, implementados pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, com a finalidade de cumprir o código de conduta do projeto "Centro Vivo". Argumenta-se que a atitude da prefeitura foi de limpeza da cidade, provocando uma desarticulação do trabalho informal dos camelôs e "toreros", bem como aumentando a precariedade de suas condições políticas e sociais de trabalho. O argumento baseia-se no discurso da mídia impressa e de algumas atas de reunião da prefeitura concernentes ao tema. Os autores contrastam o discurso com o dos próprios camelôs, que foram entrevistados, a respeito de como percebiam o processo de mudança para os shoppings e o que isso acarretou em termos do seu trabalho.

Gestão do deslastre de cargas: Évora como caso de estudo

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica na Área de Especialização de Energia

Análise do produtor-consumidor enquanto interveniente da rede elétrica inteligente

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Energia