995 resultados para mucosa development
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Use of antibiotics as an additive in poultry diets to improve growth has been discussed in relation to bacterial resistance and the development of new products and management practices. This study was carried out to test the efficacy of a new substance (Saccharomyces cereviside cell walls, var. Calsberg- SCCW) obtained from the brewery industry, added (at 0.1 and 0.2%) to broiler chicken diets (based on corn and soybean meal), on performance and intestinal mucosa development. In Experiment 1 (carried out in litter-floor pens) the results revealed higher body weight gain,for the total experimental period and higher villus height at 7 d of age for the birds fed 0.2%,SCCW. In a field test using 44,000 broilers that,received feed containing 0.2% SCCW,. The results also showed higher body weight gain and better feed conversion for SCCW-supplemented birds. The present findings show that SCCW improved body weight gain in broiler chickens and that this effect can be attributed to the trophic effect of this product on the intestinal mucosa, because it increases villus height, particularly during the first 7. d of a chicken's life.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This study was carried out to verify if Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall (SCCW) dietary supplementation (0.2%) was capable of protecting the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens vaccinated against coccidiosis. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and intestinal mucosa morphometric parameters and epithelial loss were evaluated. In the experiment,400 day-old male chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The following treatments were applied: T1 - no vaccination/ no SCCW supplementation; T2 - no vaccination/SCCW supplementation; T3 - vaccination/no SCCW supplementation; and T4 - vaccination/SCCW supplementation to four replicates of 25 birds each. Birds were vaccinated on the first day of age using a spray vaccine (Coccivac B®, Coopers), containing E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. mivati and E. tenella. S. cerevisiae cell wall was supplied from the first day of age. Live performance, intestinal morphometric parameters and epithelial loss were evaluated at 14, 21 and 28 days of age. Performance was affected by vaccination only at 21-days of age, when body weight gain was reduced in the vaccinated birds, but no body weight difference was observed on day 28. Vaccine also increased the crypt depth (p<0.05) in the duodenum and jejunum, suggesting a high cell activity in the crypt:villus transition area to maintain the epithelial cell turnover. Villi number/area (103,269 µm²) was not affected (p>0.05) by vaccine or cell wall supplementation, and epithelial loss was more pronounced in the duodenum and jejunum. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that S. cerevisiae cell wall supplementation may be an useful management tool to maintain the intestinal integrity of broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis.
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We studied the effect of feed and water deprivation on gastrointestinal tract and intestinal mucosa development of chicks at 24, 48, and 72 h posthatching. The treatments were water and feed ad libitum, water ad libitum and no feed, no water but feed ad libitum, and no water and no feed. The relative weight of the yolk sac was not influenced by the treatments. However, at 48 and 72 h posthatching, the relative weight of the liver increased, and the gizzard + proventriculus weight decreased in birds receiving feed ad libitum. An increase in jejunum and ileum relative weights and lengths was observed when the birds were supplied with feed and water. The lack of water produced the same effect as the lack of feed, both causing a higher number of villi per area with reduction in villus size, when compared with feed and water ad libitum treatments. The results of this study revealed that feed and water are able to affect intestinal villus development after hatching, indicating that both feed and water must be supplied to the chicks immediately after hatching.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different heating times of settable eggs of Cobb 500® broiler breeders before submitting them to different storage periods on body weight, digestive tract organ weights, and intestinal mucosa morphology of newly-hatched chicks. Settable eggs were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement: pre-storage heating periods (0, 6, 12 hours at 36.92°C) and storage periods (4, 9, 14 days at 12.06°C). Body weight and relative weights of the yolk sac, heart, liver, proventriculus+gizzard, and intestinal segments were measured in chicks hatching at 480 and 498 hours of incubation. Villi height, width and perimeter, and crypt depth (ìm) were measured in duodenal histological sections. It was concluded that pre-storage heating for six hours of eggs stored for four or nine days increases small intestine weight of newly-hatched chicks, but does not influence the morphology of the duodenal mucosa. Pre-storage heating for 12 hours negatively influences body weight and duodenal mucosa development, and therefore this practice is not recommended. Storage length does not have consistent effect on body weight and development of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis is a useful model for studying oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of bcl-2 and bax during tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4NQO. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 50 ppm 4NQO solution through their drinking water for 4, 12 or 20 weeks. Ten animals were used as negative control. Although no histological changes were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure, bcl-2 and bax were over-expressed (P < 0.01) in all layers of the 'normal' epithelium. The expression levels were the same in all layers of epithelium for both the antibodies used (bcl-2 or bax). In dysplastic lesions at 12 weeks following carcinogen administration, the levels of bcl-2 and bax expression did not increase when compared to negative control with the immunoreactivity for bcl-2 being restricted to the superficial layer of epithelium. In well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma induced after 20 weeks of treatment with 4NQO, bcl-2 was expressed in some cells of tumour islands. on the other hand, immunostaining for bax was widely observed at the tumour nests. The labelling index for bcl-2 and bax showed an increase (P < 0.05) after only 4 weeks of 4NQO administration. In conclusion, our results suggest that abnormalities in the apoptosis pathways are associated with the development of persistent clones of mutated-epithelial cells in the oral mucosa. Bcl-2 and bax expression appears to be associated with a risk factor in the progression of oral cancer.
CTA1-DD is an effective adjuvant for targeting anti-chlamydial immunity to the murine genital mucosa
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Chlamydia trachomatis is a significant human pathogen with potentially severe disease sequelae in the genital tract, including infertility. A successful vaccine will need to effectively target immunity to the genital mucosa. Intranasal immunisation with cholera toxin (CT) can target immunity to the genital tract, but has the potential to cause neurological side effects. CTA1-DD is a non-toxic potent mucosal adjuvant which combines the enzymatic properties of CT, with a B cell targeting moiety. Here, we demonstrate that intranasal immunisation with CTA1-DD and chlamydial Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) results in the induction of neutralising systemic and mucosal antibodies, and reduces the level of chlamydial shedding following intravaginal challenge with Chlamydia muridarum. Thus, CTA1-DD is an effective adjuvant for vaccine development against Chlamydia trachomatis, and possibly also a range of other genital pathogens.
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O emprego de técnicas imunoistoquímicas, utilizando marcadores biológicos como o Ki67, que permite a avaliação do índice de proliferação celular em neoplasias malignas, vem sendo preconizado como um importante caminho de investigação do comportamento biológico das neoplasias malignas, tendo como consequências contribuições para o estabelecimento do prognóstico e desenvolvimento de novos protocolos terapêuticos. Neste trabalho, utiliza-se o método imunoistoquímico da avidina-biotina-peroxidase avaliada a expressão de Ki67 no parênquima de amostras de carcinomas de células escamosas da mucosa bucal com diferentes graus de diferenciação histológica. Além disso, a quantificação da área de infiltrado inflamatório foi avaliada. Os resultados demonstraram que a resposta imunológica celular é o principal mecanismo de defesa no carcinoma de células escamosas da mucosa bucal, expressada pelo grande número de linfócitos T e macrófagos e a expressão de Ki67 está relacionado ao índice mitótico e, consequentemente, à proliferação celular e, também, à diferenciação da neoplasia.
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O Helicobacter pylori, é tido como o principal fator de risco para o carcinoma gástrico. Diferentes estudos experimentais em animais procuram relacionar essa carcinogênese a outros fatores carcinógenos sem sucesso. Neste estudo, procurou-se avaliar-se em ratos, se há correlação entre o refluxo duodenogástrico, o Helicobacter pylori e o desenvolvimento do câncer gástrico ou de seus precursores. Para tal, realizou-se nos três grupos de ratos (n de dez por grupo) as técnicas de: piloroplastia precedida de infecção, gastrectomia subtotal precedida de infecção e um grupo no qual foi praticada apenas a infecção. Apois seis meses, analisou-se as alterações da mucosa, comparando-se os três grupos. As alterações da mucosa pesquisadas foram as seguintes: gastrites, metaplasias, displasias e neoplasias epiteliais. Ao término do estudo, foi encontrado, no grupo submetido a piloroplastia precedida de infecção um alto percentual de alterações epiteliais. Conclui-se que, no rato, a operação de piloroplastia, levou ao maior desenvolvimento da população do Helicobacter pylori, que se relaciona com as lesões pré- malignas e o adenocarcinoma gástrico.
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O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de prevalência crescente na população mundial, sendo associado ao aumento de diversas comorbidades. A relação entre o trato digestivo e o DM2 tem sido fortalecida a partir dos resultados das diferentes cirurgias metabólicas frente à remissão do distúrbio endócrino. Alterações morfológicas hipertróficas no epitélio intestinal são percebidas nos estágios iniciais da doença e parece ter papel primordial na instalação da hiperglicemia crônica. O gene p53 participa ativamente dos processos de regulação do crescimento epitelial intestinal e pode sofrer alteração de sua expressão em estados diabéticos. Objetiva-se avaliar os resultados clínicos e laboratoriais de pacientes DM2 e com índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) >25 e <35 Kg/m2 submetidos a cirurgia metabólica denominada adaptação digestiva com duodenal switch parcial (DSP) e avaliar o comportamento da expressão do gene p53 na mucosa intestinal no período pré e pós-operatório. Nove pacientes DM2, com IMC<35Kg/m2 foram operados pela técnica DSP. Biópsias de duodeno e íleo foram colhidas no estado diabético (pré e transoperatório respectivamente) e, 3 meses após a cirurgia, através de endoscopia digestiva alta. Foram comparados os dados de evolução antropométrica (IMC) e laboratorial no período pré e pós-operatório. Através do método enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) foram determinados os níveis dos entero-hormônios glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) e glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), no pré e pós-operatório, em jejum e pós-prandial nos períodos 30',60',90' e 120'. A expressão do gene p53, foi avaliada por real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) e western blot, nos dois diferentes momentos. As variáveis: glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial (2 horas), trigliceridemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada (HbAc1) e peptídeo C foram analisadas. As médias dos parâmetros laboratoriais foram comparadas pela análise multivariada ANOVA e após teste-Tukey. A média de expressão relativa do gene p53 foi comparada nos dois períodos pelo teste t-student. Os resultados evidenciaram que entre maio e dezembro de 2010, nove pacientes (4 homens, 5 mulheres) DM2 e com IMC entre 26 e 34Kg/m2 foram submetidos a DSP. A média de IMC do grupo operado foi de 31,3. Houve queda do IMC média de 23% após um ano. Houve queda significativa (p<0,05) nos níveis de triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial (2 horas), HbA1c assim como aumento do peptídeo-C (p<0,05), quando comparados os períodos pré e pós-operatório. Os níveis séricos de GLP-1 foram significativamente maiores no pós-operatório (p<0,05), tanto em jejum como pós-prandial sendo que houve diminuição dos níveis de GIP, contudo sem significância estatística. O gene p53 sofreu aumento significativo de sua expressão relativa (qrt-PCR)(p<0,05) no período pós-operatório na mucosa duodenal e uma tendência de aumento no íleo, contudo sem significância estatística. A análise da expressão ao nível proteico foi bem sucedida somente no íleo, também mostrando tendência de aumento. Concluí-se que a DSP foi capaz de controlar satisfatoriamente o DM2 em pacientes com IMC<35 Kg/m2. Houve aumento da secreção de GLP-1 e tendência de diminuição do GIP. Houve aumento da expressão do p53 na mucosa intestinal, no período pós-operatório, após o controle do diabetes, quando comparada ao período pré-operatório.
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Objective: The study summarizes results of karyometric measurements in epithelial cells of the colorectal mucosa to document evidence of a field effect of preneoplastic development among patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma or adenoma.