Modelação fenomenológica de um motor Diesel marítimo para avaliar efeitos da mudança de combustível

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Avaliação do funcionamento de um motor diesel com biodiesel

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

Comportamento de um motor de ignição por compressão trabalhando com óleo Diesel e gás natural

A previsível escassez de petróleo aliada a uma consciência ecológica está levando pesquisadores a procurar novas fontes de energia e processos de combustão mais eficientes e menos poluentes. Entre os combustíveis menos poluentes está o gás natural, cujo consumo aumenta ano a ano. Os motores de combustão interna são transformadores de energia que têm baixa eficiência de conversão. Este trabalho avaliou um motor Diesel, bicombustível, movido a Diesel e gás natural. Nesse motor, a energia provém, basicamente, da combustão do gás natural. O Diesel tem a função de produzir o início da combustão do gás, que é o combustível principal. Assim, haverá uma substituição parcial de óleo Diesel por gás natural, aumentando o rendimento da combustão. Inicialmente, foi feito um ensaio-testemunha, somente com óleo Diesel e após foram feitos ensaios, com três repetições, para variadas proporções de óleo Diesel, gás natural e ângulos de avanço da injeção. O melhor desempenho foi obtido para 22% de óleo Diesel em relação ao máximo débito da bomba injetora e 13 L min-1 de gás natural com ângulo de avanço de injeção original (21º). Nesse caso, a potência média aumentou 14%, e o consumo específico (medido em valores monetários) diminuiu 46% em relação ao ensaio-testemunha.

A Comparison of Induction Motor Starting Methods Being Powered by a Diesel-Generator Set

Starting induction motors on isolated or weak systems is a highly dynamic process that can cause motor and load damage as well as electrical network fluctuations. Mechanical damage is associated with the high starting current drawn by a ramping induction motor. In order to compensate the load increase, the voltage of the electrical system decreases. Different starting methods can be applied to the electrical system to reduce these and other starting method issues. The purpose of this thesis is to build accurate and usable simulation models that can aid the designer in making the choice of an appropriate motor starting method. The specific case addressed is the situation where a diesel-generator set is used as the electrical supplied source to the induction motor. The most commonly used starting methods equivalent models are simulated and compared to each other. The main contributions of this thesis is that motor dynamic impedance is continuously calculated and fed back to the generator model to simulate the coupling of the electrical system. The comparative analysis given by the simulations has shown reasonably similar characteristics to other comparative studies. The diesel-generator and induction motor simulations have shown good results, and can adequately demonstrate the dynamics for testing and comparing the starting methods. Further work is suggested to refine the equivalent impedance presented in this thesis.

Emulação de um motor de combustão interna através de um acionamento eletromecânico de velocidade variável utilizando um motor de indução trifásico

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Energia

Análise da sensibilidade do biodiesel B5 em frotas de transporte coletivo com motorização diesel

The aim of this study was investigate the consolidation of the biodiesel fuel used in (a) engines of urban and intercity bus companies, (b) a stationary engine. It was necessary to investigate and analyze, technologically, if the biodiesel fuels were presenting troubleshooting relative to wear of parts lied to fuel and to evaluate the consumption fluctuations of this fuel. The urban and intercity bus companies, localized in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, had 41 and 12 vehicles, respectively. It were analyzed datasheet of each one vehicle during three years, since 2008 until 2010 and were interviewed the management of the maintenance team of bus companies relative to aspects concerning the substitution of the diesel fuel by the B5 biodiesel. The second aim of this study was visually inspect the wear of the parts directly lied to combustion process. For this reason, it was investigated a stationary engine, manufactured by Branco BD5, 5 HP of power, fueled by (a) diesel, (b) biodiesel B5, (c) biodiesel B20 and (d) diesel or biodiesel, both contaminated by distilled water. In this engine, its power utilizing biodiesel B5 versus diesel was lower about 5.2% and, in the investigated case of B20 versus diesel, it was lower around 11.5%

Formulação de novos combustíveis base diesel: avaliação de desempenho e emissões

The industry, over the years, has been working to improve the efficiency of diesel engines. More recently, it was observed the need to reduce pollutant emissions to conform to the stringent environmental regulations. This has attached a great interest to develop researches in order to replace the petroleum-based fuels by several types of less polluting fuels, such as blends of diesel oil with vegetable oil esters and diesel fuel with vegetable oils and alcohol, emulsions, and also microemulsions. The main objective of this work was the development of microemulsion systems using nonionic surfactants that belong to the Nonylphenols ethoxylated group and Lauric ethoxylated alcohol group, ethanol/diesel blends, and diesel/biodiesel blends for use in diesel engines. First, in order to select the microemulsion systems, ternary phase diagrams of the used blends were obtained. The systems were composed by: nonionic surfactants, water as polar phase, and diesel fuel or diesel/biodiesel blends as apolar phase. The microemulsion systems and blends, which represent the studied fuels, were characterized by density, viscosity, cetane number and flash point. It was also evaluated the effect of temperature in the stability of microemulsion systems, the performance of the engine, and the emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke for all studied blends. Tests of specific fuel consumption as a function of engine power were accomplished in a cycle diesel engine on a dynamometer bench and the emissions were evaluated using a GreenLine 8000 analyzer. The obtained results showed a slight increase in fuel consumption when microemulsion systems and diesel/biodiesel blends were burned, but it was observed a reduction in the emission of nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, smoke index and f sulfur oxides

Uso da técnica de análise de óleo lubrificante em motores diesel estacionários, utilizando-se misturas de biodiesel e diferentes níveis de contaminação do lubrificante

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Otimização ecológica dos ciclos ar-padrão Otto e Diesel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modelagem de motor de combustão internae simulação do processo de queima de combustível

The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in the automotive industry. In order to better understand its behavior many models in the literature have been proposed in the last years. The 0-D thermodynamic model is a fairly simple tool but it is very useful to understand the phenomenon of combustion inside the chamber of internal combustion engines. In the first phase of this work, an extensive literature review was made in order to get information about this kind of analysis and, after this, apply them in a model able to calculate the instantaneous temperature and pressure in one zone of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Therefore some considerations were made with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the model in predicting the correct behavior of the engine, adding the combined effects of heat transfer, leakage and injection. In the second phase, the goal was to study the internal flow of a three-dimensional model of an internal combustion engine. In order to achieve this goal the software Solidworks was used to create the geometries of an engine and the suite of softwares Ansys was used to create the moving mesh (ICEM CFD and CFX-Pre) and to solve the CFD problem (Ansys CFX code). The model was able to perform the air flow simulation during the four-stroke cycle of an engine: admission, compression, expansion and exhaust. The results obtained from both models were suitable and they open a new range of possibilities for future researches on the field

Opacidade da fumaça do trator agrícola funcionando com biodiesel etílico destilado de babaçu e diesel B S10 em períodos do dia

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Influencia del porcentaje de biodiésel en el rendimiento térmico de un motor diésel ligero ensayado en Tráfico real.

La utilización de biocombustibles derivados de aceites vegetales es una opción válida para contribuir a la reducción de emisiones de CO2 y extender la vida de los combustibles convencionales. El biodiésel (mezcla de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos) mezclado con gasóleo en motores diesel es una opción ya conocida, pero el análisis del comportamiento del motor en un vehículo ligero en tráfico real es aun un tema poco investigado. El objeto de esta ponencia es presentar la metodología de ensayo y los resultados obtenidos en un trabajo de investigación sobre el efecto que la variación del porcentaje de biodiesel en gasóleo tiene en las prestaciones del motor y su rendimiento térmico en tráfico urbano real. Las medidas se han realizado con equipos embarcados en un vehículo y utilizando el biodiesel producido en la Universidad de la Frontera en Temuco (Chile) mezclado en proporciones diferentes con gasóleo suministrado por Repsolypf, S.A., caracterizado en laboratorio. Los ensayos se han realizado en la ciudad de Madrid con un SEAT León TDI 2.0 con un solo conductor y aplicado dos estilos de conducción diferentes: agresiva y eficiente, caracterizadas según trabajos anteriores. Los resultados obtenidos en consumo de combustible no son los que cabía esperar en base al poder calorífico y la densidad de la mezcla, y no siguen los obtenidos en otras investigaciones realizadas en banco de pruebas. Para explicar esta discrepancia se aportan los resultados de un estudio de la energía aportada por el motor en cada instante seguido de una análisis estadístico de todo el volumen de datos obtenidos para presentar los resultados en una nueva forma que muestra cómo la potencia demandada en el vehículo es menor y el rendimiento térmico del motor diesel mejora al aumentar el porcentaje de biodiesel.

Estudio de la influencia de los sistemas Stop/Start sobre el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de CO2 de un vehículo diesel en tráfico urbano.

Se presentan los resultados experimentales de un estudio realizado en el Laboratorio de Motores Térmicos de la ETSII de la UPM para evaluar el impacto en eficiencia energética y medioambiental de la tecnología Stop/Start en vehículos todoterreno con motor diesel, en condiciones de tráfico real urbano. Se realizaron ensayos urbanos con vehículos Land Rover Freelander2 en la zona central de la ciudad de Madrid midiendo la emisión instantánea de CO2 y de CO con equipos de medida de emisiones embarcados, y el consumo de combustible se calculó a partir del “balance de carbonos” midiendo el caudal de gases de escape mediante un caudalímetro de desarrollo propio. Se utilizaron dos vehículos todoterreno con motor diesel semejante, ambos cumpliendo los mismos límites Euro 4 para vehículos ligeros, uno convencional y otro adaptado con sistema Stop/Start. Se obtuvieron curvas de tendencia de consumo de combustible y de emisión de CO2 con la velocidad media, que demuestran el significativo efecto de mejora en la eficiencia energética de la versión de motor adaptado con sistema Stop/Start.

Issues concerning the light-duty diesel /

"UC-20e & 96."