辽河盆地东部凹陷热历史及其与油气关系

This dissertation focuses on the basin geothermal history, tectonothermal evolution and the relationship between geothermal field evolution and hydrocarbon generation. Based on the research of present-day geothermal field, geothermal history of Eastern Subdepression of Liaohe Basin was reconstructed with available data from drillings, loggings, seismic cross-sections, BHTs and thermal indicators. 12 heat flow density values were calculated. Ranging from 45.7 mW/m~2 to 70.0 mW/m~2, the mean value of these determinations exhibits 58.0(±5.83mW/m~22). The heat flow density in the uplift and ramp is greater than that in the sag. The main factors affecting the heat flow density are the morphostructure of basement and thickness of sedimentary cover. The Subdepression experienced a much higher heat flow period from 43 Ma to about 25 Ma. The heat flow increased gradually from Sha3 stage to Dongying stage, and reached the peak at the late of Dongying stage, then cooled down. Structural subsidence analysis shows that the subsidence of Eastern Subdepression can be divided into two phases: earlier (25-43Ma) initial (rift) and late (since 25Ma) thermal subsidence. The lower present-day heat flow and the higher palaeo-heat flow corresponding to structural subsidence stage as well as the typical rift subsidence style in Eastern Subdepression provide with some insights to the tectonic-thermal evolution of the basin. The source rocks of Sha3 member began to generate oil in the Shal stage, and entered oil-window at the late of Dongying stage. The source rocks of Shal began to generate oil at the late of Dongying stage, and being at the stage of lower maturation-maturation now. Most of Dongying source rocks are not mature now. The late of Dongying stage is the critical time for the oil system.

Hidrogeomorfologia e sustentabilidade de recursos hídricos subterrâneos

A água subterrânea de rochas duras é uma fonte importante para fins domésticos, industriais e agrícolas e mesmo para o consumo humano. A geologia, a tectónica, a geomorfologia e as características hidrológicas controlam o fluxo, ocorrência e armazenamento das águas subterrâneas. A disponibilidade da água subterrânea no meio geológico está totalmente dependente das áreas de recarga e de descarga numa determinada bacia. A precipitação é a principal fonte de recarga em aquíferos descontínuos, enquanto que a descarga depende dos declives do terreno e dos gradientes do nível hidrostático e ainda das condições hidrogeológicas do solo. A hidrogeomorfologia é um domínio interdisciplinar emergente, que estuda as relações entre as unidades geomorfológicas e o regime das águas superficiais e subterrâneas de uma determinada área. A compreensão do papel da geomorfologia é essencial para avaliar de forma rigorosa os sistemas hidrogeológicos e os recursos hídricos. Os dados de detecção remota providenciam uma informação espacial valiosa e actualizada da superfície terrestre e dos recursos naturais. Os recentes avanços tecnológicos colocaram as técnicas de detecção remota e os sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) numa posição cimeira como ferramentas de gestão metodológica. Foi criada, em ambiente SIG, uma base de geo-dados, essencialmente derivada da detecção remota, da cartografia e do trabalho de campo. Esta base de dados, organizada em diferentes níveis de informação, inclui uma avaliação principalmente focalizada no uso do solo, climatologia, declives, geologia, geomorfologia e hidrogeologia. No presente estudo foram cruzados diversos níveis de informação, com a geração de múltiplos mapas temáticos para atingir um quadro integrado dos diversos sectores no Norte e Centro de Portugal. Os sectores em estudo (Caldas da Cavaca, Termas de Entre-os-Rios, Águas de Arouca e Águas do Alardo) estão localizados em sistemas hidrogeológicos predominantemente constituídos por rochas graníticas, por vezes intersectadas por filões de quartzo, aplito-pegmatíticos e doleríticos. Para apoiar a elaboração dos mapas hidrogeomorfológicos foi criada uma base SIG, contendo diversa informação, nomeadamente topografia, hidrografia, litologia, tectónica, morfoestrutura, hidrogeologia, geofísica e uso do solo. Além disso, foram realizadas várias campanhas de campo, as quais permitiram: o estabelecimento dum mapeamento geológico, geomorfológico e hidrogeológico; a caracterização in situ do grau de alteração, resistência e grau de fracturação dos maciços rochosos; o desenvolvimento de um inventário hidrogeológico em conjunto com alguns ensaios expeditos in situ. A interligação entre os parâmetros geomorfológicos, hidrológicos e hidrogeológicos dos sistemas de água subterrânea “normal” e hidromineral destaca a importância de uma cartografia e duma modelação conceptual hidrogeomorfológica. Além disso, contribuirá para um melhor apoio à decisão na gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos.

Mapeamento do contorno estrutural do embasamento da bacia sedimentar de Curitiba - PR

The sedimentary Curitiba basin is located in the Central-Southern part of the first Parananense plateau, and comprises Curitiba (PR), and part of the neighbour Municipalities (fig.1). It is supposed to be of Plio-Pleistocene age. It has a shallow sedimentary fulfillment, represented by the Guabirotuba formation (BIGARELLA and SALAMUNI, 1962) which is dristributed over a large area of about 3.000km2. The internal geometry, not entirely known yet, is actually object of detailed research, that shows its geological evolution to Cenozoic tectonic movements. For the purpose of this study the definition of the structural contour of the basement and their depo-centers is fundamental. This paper presents the results of the integration of surface and subsurface data, processed by statistical methods, which allowed a more precise definition of the morphostructural framework of the basement. For the analysis of the geological spacial data, specific softwares were used for statistical processing for trend surfaces analysis. The data used in this study are of following types: a) drilling logs for ground water; b) description of surface points of geological maps (CRPM, 1977); c) description of points of geotechnical drillings and down geological survey. The data of 223 drilling logs for ground water were selected out of 770 wells. The description files of 700 outcrops, as well as planialtimetric field data, were used for the localization of the basement outcrop. Thus, a matrix with five columns was set up: utm E-W (x) and utm N-S (y); surface altitude (z); altimetric cote of the contact between sedimentary rocks and the basement (k); isopachs (l). For the study of the basement limits, the analysis of surface trends of 2(nd) and 3(rd) degree polinomial for the altimetric data (figs. 2 and 3) were used. For the residuals the method of the inverse of the square of the distance (fig.4) was used. The adjustments and the explanations of the surfaces were made with the aid of multiple linear regressions. The analysis of 3rd degree polinomial trend surface (fig.3) confirmed that the basement tends to be more exposed towards NNW-SSE explaining better the data trend through an ellipse, which striking NE-SW and dipping SW axis coincides with the trough of the basin observed in the trending surface of the basement. The performed analysis and the respective images offer a good degree of certainty of the geometric model of the Curitiba Basin and of the morphostructure of its basement. The surface trend allows to sketch with a greater degree of confidence the structural contour of the topgraphic surface (figs. 5 and 6) and of the basement (figs. 7 and 8), as well as the delimitation of intermediate structural heights, which were responsible for isolated and assymmetric depocenters. These details are shown in the map of figures 9 and 10. Thus, the Curitiba Basin is made up by a structural trough stretching NE-SW, with maximum preserved depths of about 80m, which are separated by heights and depocenters striking NW-SE (fig. 11). These structural features seems to have been controlled by tectonic reactivation during the Tertiary (HASUI, 1990) and which younger dissection was conditioned by neotectonic processes (SALAMUNI and EBERT, 1994).

Análise dos parâmetros morfométricos da bacia do Rio Preto, Serra do Espinhaço (Minas Gerais, Brasil)

The Rio Preto Hydrographic Basin (RPHB) is located in the North-central portion of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 30 km ENE of the city of Diamantina. The sources of the stream of that name are found in the Rio Preto State Park, which has an area of 10,755 hectares. The total area, perimeter, extension, and axial length of the RPHB, as well as other morphometric characteristics, with emphasis on shape indexes, were obtained with the help of the ArcGis 9.2 program. The cartographic data were taken from digitalized topographic charts in a scale of 1:100,000 of the Brazilian Geographical Institute (IBGE). The measured drainage area is of 389.3 km2 and the perimeter is 136.9 km. Due to structural influence, the shape of the RPHB is irrgular and elongated, with drainage developed in a dendritic and parallel pattern. Those characteristics were checked by means of the compaxity coefficient and the shape factor. The first one was estimated in 1.94, what implies that the basin is not subject to fast flooding in years with normal precipitation. The high degree of fluvial downcutting of the basin is confirmed by the fact that it is a 5th order basin, it presents a significant branching rate and a medium drainage density.

O relevo e o sistema de afastamento e tratamento de esgoto da cidade de Marília-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mapeamento geomorfológico da Ilha do Maranhão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sistema de informação geográfica e sensoriamento remoto na avaliação do processo de mudança de uso da terra para subsidiar o planejamento de bacias hidrográficas

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Evolução paleogeomorfológica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e arredores (cadernos de mapas)

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Composition of rocks and minerals from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 5-7°N

The monograph summarizes geological and metallogenic data on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge obtained during research expeditions of the Geological Institute RAS in 2000-2003. Formation of the earth crust in the region, structure of the rift zone, structure of the newly discovered Bogdanov Fracture Zone, neotectonic deformations, metallogenic peculiarities, prospecting criteria of ocean ore mineralization are under consideration.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the TRANSINDIK R/V Valdivia (VA 07) cruise stations

The studied material was taken from Central Indian Ocean central, during the "TRANSINDIK" campaign of the R/V Valdivia. The campaign was conducted from 14 December 1973 until 23 January 1974, between Beira (Mozambique) and Singapore via Port Louis (Mauritius). The samples were taken on 14 stations aligned on a profile trending West, following approximately the 15th parallel (south). This profile cuts through the Mascarene plateau Basin. The preliminary study presented in this report was carried out as part of a study into the genesis and diagenesis the ocean deposits of the central and southern areas of the Indian Ocean (Laboratoire de GÈologie du MusÈum d'Histoire Naturelle - R.C.P. 212) and under the CNEXO No. 74/1017 contract. The data collected supplements the results of the OSIRIS campaign (R/V Marion Dufresne - TAAF) concerning relations existing between morphostructure and sedimentation and, more particularly, the nature and age of metalliferous deposits associated with Mn concretions.