O perfil de ensino das disciplinas de bioética, ética profissional (ou deontologia) e odontologia legal das faculdades de odontologia brasileiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

La construcción interactiva de la identidad en la entrevista periodística de humor : Categorías, ejecución y marcos

La identidad en la interacción ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios dentro de la Etnometodología. Esta investigación busca combinar los métodos de investigación del MCA (Membership Categorization Analysis) con la teoría de la ejecución y el concepto de alternancia de marcos para explicar el despliegue dinámico de la identidad de los participantes en entrevistas transcriptas. Utilizando los recursos retóricos, lingüísticos y discursivos que tienen a su disposición, los participantes construyen colaborativamente diferentes identidades para sí mismos y para el otro en el curso de la interacción, que están disponibles para la audiencia en la versión escrita. Los resultados muestran que el entrevistador construye su identidad posicionándose como performer o ejecutante (en el sentido de Bauman) frente a la audiencia (los futuros lectores de la entrevista) y a su entrevistado del momento, y alternando estratégicamente entre el marco humorístico y el marco serio. El entrevistador emplea una serie de recursos retóricos, discursivos y lingüísticos para producir el efecto cómico que ayudan a constituir su identidad como transgresor e ingenioso. Por otra parte, la identidad de los entrevistados se construye a través de procesos de auto y heterocategorización.

La construcción interactiva de la identidad en la entrevista periodística de humor : Categorías, ejecución y marcos

La identidad en la interacción ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios dentro de la Etnometodología. Esta investigación busca combinar los métodos de investigación del MCA (Membership Categorization Analysis) con la teoría de la ejecución y el concepto de alternancia de marcos para explicar el despliegue dinámico de la identidad de los participantes en entrevistas transcriptas. Utilizando los recursos retóricos, lingüísticos y discursivos que tienen a su disposición, los participantes construyen colaborativamente diferentes identidades para sí mismos y para el otro en el curso de la interacción, que están disponibles para la audiencia en la versión escrita. Los resultados muestran que el entrevistador construye su identidad posicionándose como performer o ejecutante (en el sentido de Bauman) frente a la audiencia (los futuros lectores de la entrevista) y a su entrevistado del momento, y alternando estratégicamente entre el marco humorístico y el marco serio. El entrevistador emplea una serie de recursos retóricos, discursivos y lingüísticos para producir el efecto cómico que ayudan a constituir su identidad como transgresor e ingenioso. Por otra parte, la identidad de los entrevistados se construye a través de procesos de auto y heterocategorización.

La construcción interactiva de la identidad en la entrevista periodística de humor : Categorías, ejecución y marcos

La identidad en la interacción ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios dentro de la Etnometodología. Esta investigación busca combinar los métodos de investigación del MCA (Membership Categorization Analysis) con la teoría de la ejecución y el concepto de alternancia de marcos para explicar el despliegue dinámico de la identidad de los participantes en entrevistas transcriptas. Utilizando los recursos retóricos, lingüísticos y discursivos que tienen a su disposición, los participantes construyen colaborativamente diferentes identidades para sí mismos y para el otro en el curso de la interacción, que están disponibles para la audiencia en la versión escrita. Los resultados muestran que el entrevistador construye su identidad posicionándose como performer o ejecutante (en el sentido de Bauman) frente a la audiencia (los futuros lectores de la entrevista) y a su entrevistado del momento, y alternando estratégicamente entre el marco humorístico y el marco serio. El entrevistador emplea una serie de recursos retóricos, discursivos y lingüísticos para producir el efecto cómico que ayudan a constituir su identidad como transgresor e ingenioso. Por otra parte, la identidad de los entrevistados se construye a través de procesos de auto y heterocategorización.

Diversity faultlines, shared objectives, and top management team performance

Faultline theory suggests that negative effects of team diversity are better understood by considering the influence of different dimensions of diversity in conjunction, rather than for each dimension separately. We develop and extend the social categorization analysis that lies at the heart of faultline theory to identify a factor that attenuates the negative influence of faultlines: the extent to which the team has shared objectives. The hypothesized moderating role of shared objectives received support in a study of faultlines formed by differences in gender, tenure, and functional background in 42 top management teams. The focus on top management teams has the additional benefit of providing the first test of the relationship between diversity faultlines and objective indicators of organizational performance. We discuss how these findings, and the innovative way in which we operationalized faultlines, extend faultline theory and research as well as offer guidelines to manage diversity faultlines.

N-opcode analysis for android malware classification and categorization

Malware detection is a growing problem particularly on the Android mobile platform due to its increasing popularity and accessibility to numerous third party app markets. This has also been made worse by the increasingly sophisticated detection avoidance techniques employed by emerging malware families. This calls for more effective techniques for detection and classification of Android malware. Hence, in this paper we present an n-opcode analysis based approach that utilizes machine learning to classify and categorize Android malware. This approach enables automated feature discovery that eliminates the need for applying expert or domain knowledge to define the needed features. Our experiments on 2520 samples that were performed using up to 10-gram opcode features showed that an f-measure of 98% is achievable using this approach.

Categorization and characterization of transcript-confirmed constitutively and alternatively spliced introns and exons from human

By spliced alignment of human DNA and transcript sequence data we constructed a data set of transcript-confirmed exons and introns from 2793 genes, 796 of which (28%) were seen to have multiple isoforms. We find that over one-third of human exons can translate in more than one frame, and that this is highly correlated with G+C content. Introns containing adenosine at donor site position +3 (A3), rather than guanosine (G3), are more common in low G+C regions, while the converse is true in high G+C regions. These two classes of introns are shown to have distinct lengths, consensus sequences and correlations among splice signals, leading to the hypothesis that A3 donor sites are associated with exon definition, and G3 donor sites with intron definition. Minor classes of introns, including GC-AG, U12-type GT-AG, weak, and putative AG-dependant introns are identified and characterized. Cassette exons are more prevalent in low G+C regions, while exon isoforms are more prevalent in high G+C regions. Cassette exon events outnumber other alternative events, while exon isoform events involve truncation twice as often as extension, and occur at acceptor sites twice as often as at donor sites. Alternative splicing is usually associated with weak splice signals, and in a majority of cases, preserves the coding frame. The reported characteristics of constitutive and alternative splice signals, and the hypotheses offered regarding alternative splicing and genome organization, have important implications for experimental research into RNA processing. The 'AltExtron' data sets are available at http://www.bit.uq.edu.au/altExtron/ and http://www.ebi.ac.uk/similar tothanaraj/altExtron/.

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes

A total of 880 expressed sequence tags (EST) originated from clones randomly selected from a Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote cDNA library have been analyzed. Of these, 40% (355 ESTs) have been identified by similarity to sequences in public databases and classified according to functional categorization of their putative products. About 11% of the mRNAs expressed in amastigotes are related to the translational machinery, and a large number of them (9% of the total number of clones in the library) encode ribosomal proteins. A comparative analysis with a previous study, where clones from the same library were selected using sera from patients with Chagas disease, revealed that ribosomal proteins also represent the largest class of antigen coding genes expressed in amastigotes (54% of all immunoselected clones). However, although more than thirty classes of ribosomal proteins were identified by EST analysis, the results of the immunoscreening indicated that only a particular subset of them contains major antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies from Chagas disease patients.

Proteomic analysis of peach fruit mesocarp softening and chilling injury using difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE)

Background: Peach fruit undergoes a rapid softening process that involves a number of metabolic changes. Storing fruit at low temperatures has been widely used to extend its postharvest life. However, this leads to undesired changes, such as mealiness and browning, which affect the quality of the fruit. In this study, a 2-D DIGE approach was designed to screen for differentially accumulated proteins in peach fruit during normal softening as well as under conditions that led to fruit chilling injury. Results:The analysis allowed us to identify 43 spots -representing about 18% of the total number analyzed- that show statistically significant changes. Thirty-nine of the proteins could be identified by mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins that changed during postharvest had been related to peach fruit ripening and cold stress in the past. However, we identified other proteins that had not been linked to these processes. A graphical display of the relationship between the differentially accumulated proteins was obtained using pairwise average-linkage cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Proteins such as endopolygalacturonase, catalase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, pectin methylesterase and dehydrins were found to be very important for distinguishing between healthy and chill injured fruit. A categorization of the differentially accumulated proteins was performed using Gene Ontology annotation. The results showed that the 'response to stress', 'cellular homeostasis', 'metabolism of carbohydrates' and 'amino acid metabolism' biological processes were affected the most during the postharvest. Conclusions: Using a comparative proteomic approach with 2-D DIGE allowed us to identify proteins that showed stage-specific changes in their accumulation pattern. Several proteins that are related to response to stress, cellular homeostasis, cellular component organization and carbohydrate metabolism were detected as being differentially accumulated. Finally, a significant proportion of the proteins identified had not been associated with softening, cold storage or chilling injury-altered fruit before; thus, comparative proteomics has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding fruit softening and postharvest.

Analysis and spatial modeling of the indoor radon Swiss data

The present research deals with an important public health threat, which is the pollution created by radon gas accumulation inside dwellings. The spatial modeling of indoor radon in Switzerland is particularly complex and challenging because of many influencing factors that should be taken into account. Indoor radon data analysis must be addressed from both a statistical and a spatial point of view. As a multivariate process, it was important at first to define the influence of each factor. In particular, it was important to define the influence of geology as being closely associated to indoor radon. This association was indeed observed for the Swiss data but not probed to be the sole determinant for the spatial modeling. The statistical analysis of data, both at univariate and multivariate level, was followed by an exploratory spatial analysis. Many tools proposed in the literature were tested and adapted, including fractality, declustering and moving windows methods. The use of Quan-tité Morisita Index (QMI) as a procedure to evaluate data clustering in function of the radon level was proposed. The existing methods of declustering were revised and applied in an attempt to approach the global histogram parameters. The exploratory phase comes along with the definition of multiple scales of interest for indoor radon mapping in Switzerland. The analysis was done with a top-to-down resolution approach, from regional to local lev¬els in order to find the appropriate scales for modeling. In this sense, data partition was optimized in order to cope with stationary conditions of geostatistical models. Common methods of spatial modeling such as Κ Nearest Neighbors (KNN), variography and General Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) were proposed as exploratory tools. In the following section, different spatial interpolation methods were applied for a par-ticular dataset. A bottom to top method complexity approach was adopted and the results were analyzed together in order to find common definitions of continuity and neighborhood parameters. Additionally, a data filter based on cross-validation was tested with the purpose of reducing noise at local scale (the CVMF). At the end of the chapter, a series of test for data consistency and methods robustness were performed. This lead to conclude about the importance of data splitting and the limitation of generalization methods for reproducing statistical distributions. The last section was dedicated to modeling methods with probabilistic interpretations. Data transformation and simulations thus allowed the use of multigaussian models and helped take the indoor radon pollution data uncertainty into consideration. The catego-rization transform was presented as a solution for extreme values modeling through clas-sification. Simulation scenarios were proposed, including an alternative proposal for the reproduction of the global histogram based on the sampling domain. The sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) was presented as the method giving the most complete information, while classification performed in a more robust way. An error measure was defined in relation to the decision function for data classification hardening. Within the classification methods, probabilistic neural networks (PNN) show to be better adapted for modeling of high threshold categorization and for automation. Support vector machines (SVM) on the contrary performed well under balanced category conditions. In general, it was concluded that a particular prediction or estimation method is not better under all conditions of scale and neighborhood definitions. Simulations should be the basis, while other methods can provide complementary information to accomplish an efficient indoor radon decision making.