药用牡丹资源与重金属污染问题的研究

我国牡丹资源丰富、药用历史悠久、药材出口量大。近年来国际上对进口植物药的重金属限量标准不断提高，已成为影响丹皮出口的最大贸易壁垒之一，严重阻碍了丹皮产业化进程。为了提高我国丹皮药材整体质量水平和国际竞争力，本试验探讨了不同产地、不同种质资源的丹皮与Cu、Cd、Pb、As四种重金属的关系，重点研究了两个代表性品种对重金属Cu的富集规律，分析了重金属Cu对牡丹生长、生理和药材品质的影响。实验中采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法（FAAS ）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）为基本检测手段来分析样品中重金属元素的含量，从植物与重金属相互关系的角度对牡丹药用、花药兼用以及生态修复可行性等方面进行了系统研究。结果如下： 1. 丹皮重金属含量与牡丹种质资源和栽培环境关系密切。野生种中滇牡丹丹皮中Cu、Cd含量相对较高，多数野生种丹皮中Pb、As含量较栽培种偏高；铜陵产区的丹皮重金属含量明显高于其它产区，铜尾矿上栽培出产的丹皮重金属Cu含量明显超标，建议其改变种植模式，可以考虑丰富牡丹品种，开发生态旅游、观赏栽培。 2. 综合比较同一地块的7个常用药用品种发现，‘JPH’和‘CKL’品种对重金属富集能力相对较弱。‘JPH’是传统的优良观赏品种，适宜花药兼用；结合前期研究的结果‘CKL’药效成分含量相对较高，药用价值较高，适宜药用栽培。 3. 对药用牡丹品种‘凤丹’和‘建始粉’外施不同浓度CuSO4溶液处理后发现，丹皮中重金属富集量与外施重金属浓度成显著正相关。当外施Cu 浓度超过150mg/kg 时，两个品种的丹皮中Cu含量均已超标。 4. 重金属Cu对牡丹生长的影响效应与重金属浓度和植物体自身部位有关。当外施Cu浓度小于600mg/kg 时，对牡丹生长有一定的促进作用，主要表现在地上部分；超过600mg/kg 时，对牡丹生长有抑制作用，随着浓度增大，毒害症状愈加明显。地下部主要表现出受抑制作用，抑制效应随外施浓度增大而加重。 5. 牡丹通过自身的生理生化调节机制抵抗Cu胁迫对细胞造成的氧化伤害：低浓度Cu可以刺激抗氧化酶系统SOD和POD 活性升高，高浓度下SOD和 POD活性则显著降低。相同处理条件下‘凤丹’品种的抗铜性要高于‘建始粉’。 6. 本试验未发现外施Cu处理对丹皮中药效成分丹皮酚、芍药苷产生影响。 7. ‘凤丹’及‘建始粉’根系铜富集质量分数均达到超富集植物的要求，因此牡丹可能在重金属Cu污染的环境修复方面存在巨大潜力。

Components of learning and assessment in linear algebra

Linear algebra provides theory and technology that are the cornerstones of a range of cutting edge mathematical applications, from designing computer games to complex industrial problems, as well as more traditional applications in statistics and mathematical modelling. Once past introductions to matrices and vectors, the challenges of balancing theory, applications and computational work across mathematical and statistical topics and problems are considerable, particularly given the diversity of abilities and interests in typical cohorts. This paper considers two such cohorts in a second level linear algebra course in different years. The course objectives and materials were almost the same, but some changes were made in the assessment package. In addition to considering effects of these changes, the links with achievement in first year courses are analysed, together with achievement in a following computational mathematics course. Some results that may initially appear surprising provide insight into the components of student learning in linear algebra.

Data mining for lifetime prediction of metallic components

The ability to accurately predict the lifetime of building components is crucial to optimizing building design, material selection and scheduling of required maintenance. This paper discusses a number of possible data mining methods that can be applied to do the lifetime prediction of metallic components and how different sources of service life information could be integrated to form the basis of the lifetime prediction model

The user query based learning system for lifetime prediction of metallic components

Real-World Data Mining Applications generally do not end up with the creation of the models. The use of the model is the final purpose especially in prediction tasks. The problem arises when the model is built based on much more information than that the user can provide in using the model. As a result, the performance of model reduces drastically due to many missing attributes values. This paper develops a new learning system framework, called as User Query Based Learning System (UQBLS), for building data mining models best suitable for users use. We demonstrate its deployment in a real-world application of the lifetime prediction of metallic components in buildings

Characterisation of soluble components and PAH in PM10 atmospheric particulate matter in Brisbane

Fours sets of PM10 samples were collected in three sites in SEQ from December 2002 to August 2004. Three of these sets of samples were collected by QLD EPA as a part of their regular air monitoring program at Woolloongabba, Rocklea and Eagle Farm. Half of the samples were used in this study for the analysis of water-soluble ions, which are Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4 +, Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, F-, Br-, NO2 -, PO4 -3 and the other half was retained by QLD EPA. The fourth set of samples was collected at Rocklea, specifically for this study. A quarter of the samples obtained from this set of samples were used to analyse water-soluble ions; a quarter of the sample was used to analyse Pb, Cu, Al, Fe, Mn and Zn; and the rests were used to analyse US EPA 16 priority PAHs. The water-soluble ions were extracted ultrasonically with water and the major watersoluble anions as well as NH4 + were analysed using IC. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ Pb, Cu, Al, Fe, Mn and Zn were analysed using ICP-AES while PAHs were extracted by acetonitrile and analysed using HPLC. Of the analysed water-soluble ions, Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were high in concentration and determined in all the samples. F-, Br-, NO2 -, PO4 -3 and NH4 + ions were lower in concentration and determined only in some samples. Na+ and Cl- were high in all samples indicating the importance of a marine source. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine the temporal variations of the water-soluble ions at the three sites. The results indicated that there was no major difference between the three sites. However, comparing the average concentrations of ions and Cl-/Na+ it was concluded that Woolloongabba had more marine influence than the other sites. Al, Fe and Zn were detected in all samples. Al and Fe were high in all samples indicating the significance of a source of crustal matter. Cu, Mn and Pb were in low concentrations and were determined only in some samples. The lower Pb concentrations observed in the study than in previous studies indicate that the phasing-out of leaded petrol had an appreciable impact on Pb levels in SEQ. This study reports for the first time, simultaneous data on the water-soluble, metal ion and PAH levels of PM10 aerosols in Brisbane, and provides information on the most likely sources of these chemical species. Such information can be used alongside those that already exist to formulate PM10 pollution reduction strategies for SEQ in order to protect the community from the adverse effects of PM pollution.

A programming language for software components

Component software has many benefits, most notably increased software re-use; however, the component software process places heavy burdens on programming language technology, which modern object-oriented programming languages do not address. In particular, software components require specifications that are both sufficiently expressive and sufficiently abstract, and, where possible, these specifications should be checked formally by the programming language. This dissertation presents a programming language called Mentok that provides two novel programming language features enabling improved specification of stateful component roles. Negotiable interfaces are interface types extended with protocols, and allow specification of changing method availability, including some patterns of out-calls and re-entrance. Type layers are extensions to module signatures that allow specification of abstract control flow constraints through the interfaces of a component-based application. Development of Mentok's unique language features included creation of MentokC, the Mentok compiler, and formalization of key properties of Mentok in mini-languages called MentokP and MentokL.

Which components of heart failure programs are effective? A meta-analysis of the outcomes of structured telephone support or telemonitoring as the primary component of heart failure management in 9,560 patients (Abridged Cochrane Review)

Aims--Telemonitoring (TM) and structured telephone support (STS) have the potential to deliver specialised management to more patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), but their efficacy is still to be proven. Objectives To review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of TM or STS on all- cause mortality and all-cause and CHF-related hospitalisations in patients with CHF, as a non-invasive remote model of specialised disease-management intervention.--Methods and Results--Data sources:We searched 15 electronic databases and hand-searched bibliographies of relevant studies, systematic reviews, and meeting abstracts. Two reviewers independently extracted all data. Study eligibility and participants: We included any randomised controlled trials (RCT) comparing TM or STS to usual care of patients with CHF. Studies that included intensified management with additional home or clinic visits were excluded. Synthesis: Primary outcomes (mortality and hospitalisations) were analysed; secondary outcomes (cost, length of stay, quality of life) were tabulated.--Results: Thirty RCTs of STS and TM were identified (25 peer-reviewed publications (n=8,323) and five abstracts (n=1,482)). Of the 25 peer-reviewed studies, 11 evaluated TM (2,710 participants), 16 evaluated STS (5,613 participants) and two tested both interventions. TM reduced all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR 0•66 [95% CI 0•54-0•81], p<0•0001) and STS showed similar trends (RR 0•88 [95% CI 0•76-1•01], p=0•08). Both TM (RR 0•79 [95% CI 0•67-0•94], p=0•008) and STS (RR 0•77 [95% CI 0•68-0•87], p<0•0001) reduced CHF-related hospitalisations. Both interventions improved quality of life, reduced costs, and were acceptable to patients. Improvements in prescribing, patient-knowledge and self-care, and functional class were observed.--Conclusion: TM and STS both appear effective interventions to improve outcomes in patients with CHF.