Genetic parameters for body weight in meat quail

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Poultry offal meal traceability in meat quail tissues using the technique of stable carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) isotopes

Studies on the detection of animal by-products in poultry meat are rare, and non-existent on quail meat. This study aimed at detectiong increasing levels of poultry offal meal (POM) in quail meat, using carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes technique. Sixty four on-day-old male quails derived from a commercial farm were randomly distributed into seven different groups, which were fed experimental diets containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 15% of POM. Diets were formulated to contain equal energy, protein, and amino acid levels. Four individuals per treatment were sacrificed at 42 days of age for breast muscle (Pectoralis major), keel, and tibia collection, which were subsequently submitted to analyses. Isotopic δ13C and δ15N enrichment was observed in all analyzed tissues, with the lowest detection level of 3% dietary inclusion of poultry offal meal.

Desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de codornas de quatro grupos genéticos

Avaliou-se o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas de corte de quatro grupos genéticos, utilizando-se 288 aves com 42 dias de idade, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (grupos genéticos A, B, C e D) e seis repetições de 12 aves cada. A partir da primeira semana de alojamento, estabeleceu-se o programa de luz, iniciando-se com 14 horas diárias de fotoperíodo, com aumentos sucessivos de 30 minutos por semana até que atingisse 17 horas diárias de fotoperíodo. Semanalmente, os ovos e as sobras de ração de cada parcela foram pesados, para determinação do peso médio dos ovos e do consumo médio diário de ração. A cada 28 dias, foram coletados e analisados três ovos/parcela/dia por três dias consecutivos, para avaliação da qualidade externa e interna. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos genéticos para massa de ovos e peso médio dos ovos, de modo que o grupo genético B apresentou média superior à dos demais. Para gravidade específica e porcentagem de casca, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos genéticos, com médias superiores para o grupo genético D. Os grupos genéticos testados apresentaram boa produção e qualidade de ovos, comprovando que estas codornas de corte podem ser utilizadas como matrizes de pintainhos de corte.

Desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de quatro grupos genéticos de codornas para produção de carne

Para avaliar o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de quatro grupos genéticos de codornas de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade, foram utilizadas 1.200 codornas distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (A, B, C, D) e cinco repetições de 60 aves por parcela. Uma vez por semana as aves foram pesadas para avaliação do ganho médio de peso e consumo médio de ração, além do registro da mortalidade. Aos 42 dias de idade, foram identificados e abatidos 10 machos por parcela, para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e dos cortes cárneos. No período 1 a 42 de idade, o grupo genético C apresentou maiores peso e ganho médio de peso que os demais grupos. Contudo, para consumo médio de ração, conversão alimentar e mortalidade, não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos genéticos. Para peso vivo, peso de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça e porcentagem de peito, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos genéticos. Para porcentagem de asa, coxa e carne de peito, o grupo genético D apresentou maior valor que os demais grupos. Considerando os resultados obtidos, os grupos genéticos de codornas para produção de carne utilizados no Brasil apresentam diferenças no seu desempenho produtivo e nos cortes cárneos.

The use of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes for the detection of poultry offal meal in meat-type quail feeds

The objective of the present study was to trace the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in the diet of meat-type quails reared for a long period using the technique of stable isotopes. A number of 320 quails were randomly distributed into eight treatments: vegetable diet (T1), and a diet containing 8% POM were fed until the end of the experimental period (T2) or replaced by the vegetable diet on day 42 (T3), 56 (T4), 70 (T5), 84 (T6), 98 (T7), and 112 (T8). Breast muscle samples were collected from four birds randomly selected per treatment every 14 days. The obtained isotope results were submitted to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with the aid of the GLM procedure of statistical SAS program. Treatments were different from T1 when birds were sacrificed at least two weeks after the diet was changed. T2 results were different from T1 in all evaluated periods. It was concluded that it is possible to trace poultry offal meal inclusion in a strictly vegetable diet after the diet was changed for at least 14 days.

Comparison of growth curve parameters of organs and body components in meat- (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and laying-type (Coturnix coturnix japonica) quail show interactions between gender and genotype

The objective of this study was to estimate growth parameters of carcass components (wing, thighs and drumsticks, back and breast) and organs (heart, liver, gizzard and gut) in males and females of one meat-type quail strain (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying strains (Coturnix coturnix japonica) designated either yellow or red.A total of 1350 quail from 1 to 42d old were distributed in a completely randomised design, with 5 replicates of each strain. The carcass component weights and body organs were analysed weekly and evaluated using the Gompertz function; growth rates were evaluated through derivative equations.The meat-type strain presented the highest growth rates in carcass components and organs. Across strains, females showed the highest weight of internal organs at maturity compared to males.Females had greater growth potential in breast, wings and back than males for both yellow and red laying quail.

Traceability of animal byproducts in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) tissues using carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes

Consistent information on meat products consumed by the public is essential. The technique of stable isotopes is a powerful tool to recover consumers' confidence, as it allows the detection of animal byproduct residues in poultry meat, particularly in quail meat. This study aimed at checking the presence of poultry byproduct mixtures in quail diets by applying the technique of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes in quail breast muscle, keel, and tibia. Sixty four one-day-old male quails were obtained from a commercial farm. Birds were housed in an experimental house from one to 42 days of age, and were randomly distributed into 8 experimental treatments, and fed diets containing poultry offal meal (POM), bovine meat and bone meal (MBM) or poultry feather meal (PFM), or their mixtures. Four birds per treatment were slaughtered at 42 days of age, and breast (Pectoralis major), keel, and tibia were collected for analyses. The inclusion of animal byproducts in quail diets was detected by 13C e 15N analyses in the tissues of the birds; however, it was not possible to specify which byproducts were used. It was concluded that quail meat can be certified by the technique of stable isotopes.

Traceability of animal meals in Japanese quail eggs using the technique of 13C e 15N* stable isotopes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of glycerol on GHR and IGF-1 gene expression in breast muscle and on growth of Japanese meat quails

We evaluated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the growth-hormone (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) genes in 28-day-old Japanese meat quails fed diets containing 0, 8, or 12% dietary glycerol in substitution of corn. Total RNA was extracted from the breast muscle and the DNA was amplified with specific primers using real-time PCR. Feed conversion ratio and feed intake were evaluated. The birds fed 8 and 12% glycerol presented higher IGF-1 mRNA expression [0.059 and 0.049 arbitrary units (AU), respectively] relative to those not fed with glycerol (0.029 AU), while 12% glycerol reduced GHR mRNA expression (0.022 AU). Dietary inclusion of 8% glycerol promoted similar performance results (feed conversion) as the diet with no glycerol. We conclude that inclusion of glycerol in the diet affects GHR and IGF-1 gene expression in Japanese meat quails. However, considering the performance results and the expression of the GHR and IGF-1 genes, 8% glycerol may be safely included in the diet of meat quails. © FUNPEC-RP.

Salmonella spp. in meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)