Primeres dades sobre la reproducció de Scorpaena Notata (Pisces, Teleosti) en el Mediterrani Occidental

S'analitzen diversos caràcters morfomètrics i índexs relacionats amb la reproducció d'una mostra de 260 exemplars de Scorpaena notata. La proporció de mascles és molt més elevada que la de femelles, especialment a les talles més grosses. Les variacions estacionals de l'índex gonadosomitic (IGS) indiquen que aquesta espècie es reprodueix a l'estiu i principi de tardor, hipòtesi confirmada per l'estat de maduració de les gònades observades. Així mateix, la disminució brusca que pateix l'index hepatosomàtic (MS) a la tardor posa de manifest que les reserves hepàtiques han estat utilitzades per a la posta

Modelos dinâmicos não lineares e aplicações de quadratura gaussiana

We propose mo deIs to analyze animal growlh data wilh lhe aim of eslimating and predicting quanlities of Liological and economical interest such as the maturing rate and asymptotic weight. lt is also studied lhe effect of environmenlal facLors of relevant influence in the growlh processo The models considered in this paper are based on an extension and specialization of the dynamic hierarchical model (Gamerman " Migon, 1993) lo a non-Iinear growlh curve sdLillg, where some of the growth curve parameters are considered cxchangeable among lhe unils. The inferencc for thcse models are appruximale conjugale analysis Lascd on Taylor series cxpallsiulIs aliei linear Bayes procedures.

Análise das relações da curva de crescimento e eficiência produtiva de vacas da raça Holandesa

O objetivo neste trabalho foi analisar as relações entre parâmetros da curva de crescimento (peso à maturidade e taxa de maturação) e medidas da eficiência produtiva de 333 vacas da raça Holandesa nascidas de 1992 a 2002. Dados de idade ao primeiro parto, produção de leite e duração da primeira lactação, primeiro intervalo de partos e produção de leite por dia de intervalo de partos foram analisados por meio de um modelo linear generalizado com o efeito fixo de grupo contemporâneo (ano-estação de nascimento), os efeitos aleatórios de pai da vaca e erro e os efeitos lineares e quadráticos do peso à maturidade e da taxa de maturação. Nas análises de longevidade e de duração da vida útil, incluiu-se o efeito fixo de motivo de descarte da vaca. Houve efeitos linear e quadrático da taxa de maturação sobre a maioria das características, exceto o primeiro intervalo de partos e a produção de leite por dia de intervalo de partos. As estimativas das taxas de maturação ótimas variaram de 0,0896 a 0,1187 kg/kg de peso vivo/mês. O peso à maturidade influenciou a longevidade de forma linear e quadrática. A combinação ótima foi de 701 kg de peso à maturidade e 0,0934 kg/kg de peso vivo/mês de taxa de maturação. O peso à maturidade correlacionou-se de forma desfavorável com a duração da primeira lactação (-0,11). Coeficientes de correlação significativos foram obtidos entre taxa de maturação e idade ao primeiro parto (-0,22), produção de leite na primeira lactação (0,18), duração da primeira lactação (0,18) e longevidade (0,14), o que confirma a hipótese de que vacas com taxas de maturação mais rápidas apresentam maior eficiência produtiva.

Sea surface temperature and the subsequent freshwater survival rate of some salmon stocks: a surprising link between the climate of land and sea

Previous consideration of the relationship between climate and the survival rate of Pacific salmon eggs and fry has been confined to effects of large variation in the ambient freshwater environment; e.g., stream discharge, temperature, turbidity. This analysis shows sea surface temperatures during the last year of life of maturing adult salmon are also strongly associated with the subsequent survival rate of salmon eggs and fry is fresh water, presumably through development of the future eggs or sperm. In several stocks of three species of North American salmon, the association between the "marine" climate and egg survival is stronger than, or additive to, any estimated climatic association in fresh water. This apparent and surprising link between fresh water and the distant ocean has some interesting and complex implications for management of future salmon production.

Raman microscopy of formamide-intercalated kaolinites treated by controlled-rate thermal analysis technology

Raman spectroscopy of formamide-intercalated kaolinites treated using controlled-rate thermal analysis technology (CRTA), allowing the separation of adsorbed formamide from intercalated formamide in formamide-intercalated kaolinites, is reported. The Raman spectra of the CRTA-treated formamide-intercalated kaolinites are significantly different from those of the intercalated kaolinites, which display a combination of both intercalated and adsorbed formamide. An intense band is observed at 3629 cm-1, attributed to the inner surface hydroxyls hydrogen bonded to the formamide. Broad bands are observed at 3600 and 3639 cm-1, assigned to the inner surface hydroxyls, which are hydrogen bonded to the adsorbed water molecules. The hydroxyl-stretching band of the inner hydroxyl is observed at 3621 cm-1 in the Raman spectra of the CRTA-treated formamide-intercalated kaolinites. The results of thermal analysis show that the amount of intercalated formamide between the kaolinite layers is independent of the presence of water. Significant differences are observed in the CO stretching region between the adsorbed and intercalated formamide.

Hydrazine-hydrate intercalated halloysite under controlled-rate thermal analysis conditions

The thermal behaviour of halloysite fully expanded with hydrazine-hydrate has been investigated in nitrogen atmosphere under dynamic heating and at a constant, pre-set decomposition rate of 0.15 mg min-1. Under controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA) conditions it was possible to resolve the closely overlapping decomposition stages and to distinguish between adsorbed and bonded reagent. Three types of bonded reagent could be identified. The loosely bonded reagent amounting to 0.20 mol hydrazine-hydrate per mol inner surface hydroxyl is connected to the internal and external surfaces of the expanded mineral and is present as a space filler between the sheets of the delaminated mineral. The strongly bonded (intercalated) hydrazine-hydrate is connected to the kaolinite inner surface OH groups by the formation of hydrogen bonds. Based on the thermoanalytical results two different types of bonded reagent could be distinguished in the complex. Type 1 reagent (approx. 0.06 mol hydrazine-hydrate/mol inner surface OH) is liberated between 77 and 103°C. Type 2 reagent is lost between 103 and 227°C, corresponding to a quantity of 0.36 mol hydrazine/mol inner surface OH. When heating the complex to 77°C under CRTA conditions a new reflection appears in the XRD pattern with a d-value of 9.6 Å, in addition to the 10.2 Ĺ reflection. This new reflection disappears in contact with moist air and the complex re-expands to the original d-value of 10.2 Å in a few h. The appearance of the 9.6 Å reflection is interpreted as the expansion of kaolinite with hydrazine alone, while the 10.2 Å one is due to expansion with hydrazine-hydrate. FTIR (DRIFT) spectroscopic results showed that the treated mineral after intercalation/deintercalation and heat treatment to 300°C is slightly more ordered than the original (untreated) clay.

Comparison of emission rate values for odour and odorous chemicals derived from two sampling devices

Field and laboratory measurements identified a complex relationship between odour emission rates provided by the US EPA dynamic emission chamber and the University of New South Wales wind tunnel. Using a range of model compounds in an aqueous odour source, we demonstrate that emission rates derived from the wind tunnel and flux chamber are a function of the solubility of the materials being emitted, the concentrations of the materials within the liquid; and the aerodynamic conditions within the device – either velocity in the wind tunnel, or flushing rate for the flux chamber. The ratio of wind tunnel to flux chamber odour emission rates (OU m-2 s) ranged from about 60:1 to 112:1. The emission rates of the model odorants varied from about 40:1 to over 600:1. These results may provide, for the first time, a basis for the development of a model allowing an odour emission rate derived from either device to be used for odour dispersion modelling.