Lumi ilmaston osana - Lumen vesiarvon ja pinnan albedon mallintaminen Pohjois-Euraasian alueella

Työssä tarkasteltiin ilmakehän yleisen kiertoliikkeen mallin, ECHAM5:n, ja Euroopan keskipitkien sääennusteiden keskuksen uudelleenanalyysijärjestelmän, ERA-40:n, lumen vesiarvon ja lumisten alueiden pinnan albedon mallintamista. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää näiden välisiä eroja sekä sitä, kuinka hyvin ECHAM5 kuvaa nykyilmaston lumioloja. Esimerkinomaisesti tarkasteltiin myös Rossby-keskuksen alueellisen ilmastomallin, RCA3:n, lumen mallintamistapaa. ECHAM5-simulaatioissa käytetty pakote oli havaintojen mukainen meriveden pintalämpötilan ja merijään jakauma. ECHAM5:n ja ERA-40:n aineistoja vertailtiin jaksolla 1986-1990 Pohjois-Euraasian alueella. ERA-40:n lumen vesiarvoja verrattiin lisäksi INTAS-SCCONE-hankkeen havaintoaineistoon. Saatujen tulosten mukaan ECHAM5:n lumen vesiarvo oli monilla alueilla ERA-40:n lumen vesiarvoa pienempi. Suurimmillaan erot olivat vesiarvon maksimialueilla Euraasian keskiosissa. ECHAM5:ssä myös eri vuosien välinen vaihtelu oli pienempää kuin ERA-40:ssä. Varsinkin tarkastelujakson viimeisinä vuosina, 1989 ja 1990, lumen vesiarvo sai Pohjois-Euroopan alueella ERA-40:n mukaan hyvin matalia arvoja, jotka selittyvät NAO-indeksin korkeilla arvoilla. NAO-ilmiön voimakkuus 1980-luvun lopulla ei kuitenkaan erotu ECHAM5:n lumen vesiarvossa. ERA-40:n lumianalyysissä on mukana lumensyvyyshavaintoja, mikä on suurin tuloksiin eroa aiheuttava tekijä. Lienee myös mahdollista, että ECHAM5-simulaatioissa käytetty pakote ei ole riittävän voimakas tuottamaan kaikilta osin realistista lumen vesiarvon jakaumaa. ERA-40:n ja INTAS-SCCONE-aineiston välillä ei ollut kovin suuria eroja. Lumisten alueiden pinnan albedon osana käytetty lumialbedo on ERA-40:ssä ennustettava muuttuja, ECHAM5:ssä se parametrisoidaan. Saatujen tulosten mukaan pinnan albedon arvot ovat ECHAM5:ssä laajalti suurempia kuin ERA-40:ssä. Erot aiheutuvat albedojen erilaisesta laskentatavasta sekä mallien erilaisista kasvillisuusjakaumista. ECHAM5 aliarvioi kasvillisuuden albedoa pienentävän vaikutuksen varsinkin pohjoisen havumetsävyöhykkeen alueella. ERA-40:n pinnan albedo lieneekin realistisempi kuin ECHAM5:n.

Lumen sulamisesta ja sulamiskauden vesitaseesta Lammin Pääjärvellä 1970-72

English summary: On snowmelt and water balance during snowmelt period in Pääjärvi representative basin in 1970-72

From Limen to Lumen: computing students in liminal spaces.From Limen to Lumen: computing students in liminal spaces

Eckerdal, A., McCartney, R., Mostr?m, J. E., Sanders, K., Thomas, L., and Zander, C. 2007. From Limen to Lumen: computing students in liminal spaces. In Proceedings of the Third international Workshop on Computing Education Research (Atlanta, Georgia, USA, September 15 - 16, 2007). ICER '07. ACM, New York, NY, 123-132.

Cell death and lumen formation in spheroids of MCF-7 cells

3D (three-dimensional) cell culture permits a more integrated analysis of the relationship between cells, inserting them into a structure more closely resembling the cellular microenvironment in vivo. The development of in vitro parameters to approximate in vivo 3D cellular environments makes a less reductionist interpretation of cell biology possible. For breast cells, in vitro 3D culture has proven to be an important tool for the analysis of luminal morphogenesis. A greater understanding of this process is necessary because alterations in the lumen arrangement are associated with carcinogenesis. Following lumen formation in 3D cell culture using laser scanning confocal microscopy, we observed alterations in the arrangement of cytoskeletal components (F-actin and microtubules) and increasing levels of cell death associated with lumen formation. The formation of a polarized monolayer facing the lumen was characterized through 3D reconstructions and the use of TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and this process was found to occur through the gradual clearing of cells from the medullary region of the spheroids. This process was associated with different types of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy and entosis. The present study showed that changes in the extracellular matrix associated with long periods of time in 3D cell culture lead to the formation of a lumen in MCF-7 cell spheroids and that features of differentiation such as lumen and budding formation occur after long periods in 3D culture, even in the absence of exogenous extracellular compounds.

Vox lumen: people into light

Vox Lumen; people into light explored the technological capacity and the aesthetic implications of live dance motion capture to Unity game engine environment in an all night public event. The work was augmented by an app that provided hourly panoramic views of the event using AR that enabled the event to be revisited either on or off site, after the performance evening.

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colonizing the lumen of the chicken intestine grows slowly and upregulates a unique set of virulence and metabolism genes

The pattern of global gene expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteria harvested from the chicken intestinal lumen (cecum) was compared with that of a late-log-phase LB broth culture using a whole-genome microarray. Levels of transcription, translation, and cell division in vivo were lower than those in vitro. S. Typhimurium appeared to be using carbon sources, such as propionate, 1,2-propanediol, and ethanolamine, in addition to melibiose and ascorbate, the latter possibly transformed to D-xylulose. Amino acid starvation appeared to be a factor during colonization. Bacteria in the lumen were non- or weakly motile and nonchemotactic but showed upregulation of a number of fimbrial and Salmonella pathogenicity island 3 (SPI-3) and 5 genes, suggesting a close physical association with the host during colonization. S. Typhimurium bacteria harvested from the cecal mucosa showed an expression profile similar to that of bacteria from the intestinal lumen, except that levels of transcription, translation, and cell division were higher and glucose may also have been used as a carbon source. © 2011, American Society for Microbiology.

Double-lumen catheter in the right jugular vein induces two sub-endothelial abscesses in an unusual place, the transition between the superior vena cava and the right atrium: a case report

Endocarditis is a type of infection that is common in internal medicine wards and in haemodialysis clinics. The location that is most affected are the heart valves. Herein, we report a case of an uncommon abscess, a sub-endothelial abscess between the transition of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. There were several emboli to the lung and foot, and the agent was related to Staphylococcus aureus and a double-lumen catheter. Usually, this type of abscess is located in valves, either the tricuspid valve if related to catheters or injection drug use or the mitral valve if related to other causes. An exhaustive review was made, but we found no information about the location of this abscess and the rarity of the event motivating the report of infection.

Evaluation of Microbicidal Activity of Oxygen-Containing Plasmas using Biological Monitors with Different Lumen Calibers

New technologies and sterilization agents for heat-sensitive materials are under intense investigation. Plasma sterilization, an atoxic low-temperature substitute for conventional sterilization, uses various gases that are activated by an electrical discharge, generating reactive species that promote lethality in microorganisms. Here, assays were performed using pure O-2 and O-2 + H2O2 mixture gas plasmas against a standard load of Bacillus atrophaeus spores inoculated on glass carriers inside PVC catheters. The sterilization efficiency was studied as a function of plasma system (reactive ion etching or inductively coupled plasma), biological monitor lumen diameter, gas, radio frequency power, and sub-lethal exposition time. After sterilization, the biological monitors were disassembled and the surviving bacteria were grown in trypticase soy broth using the most probable number technique. Plasma antimicrobial activity depended on the catheter's internal diameter and radio frequency powers. The N-2 + H2O2 mixture exhibited higher microbial efficacy than pure N-2 in both plasma systems.

Automatic lumen segmentation in IVOCT images using binary morphological reconstruction

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis causes millions of deaths, annually yielding billions in expenses round the world. Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT) is a medical imaging modality, which displays high resolution images of coronary cross-section. Nonetheless, quantitative information can only be obtained with segmentation; consequently, more adequate diagnostics, therapies and interventions can be provided. Since it is a relatively new modality, many different segmentation methods, available in the literature for other modalities, could be successfully applied to IVOCT images, improving accuracies and uses. Method An automatic lumen segmentation approach, based on Wavelet Transform and Mathematical Morphology, is presented. The methodology is divided into three main parts. First, the preprocessing stage attenuates and enhances undesirable and important information, respectively. Second, in the feature extraction block, wavelet is associated with an adapted version of Otsu threshold; hence, tissue information is discriminated and binarized. Finally, binary morphological reconstruction improves the binary information and constructs the binary lumen object. Results The evaluation was carried out by segmenting 290 challenging images from human and pig coronaries, and rabbit iliac arteries; the outcomes were compared with the gold standards made by experts. The resultant accuracy was obtained: True Positive (%) = 99.29 ± 2.96, False Positive (%) = 3.69 ± 2.88, False Negative (%) = 0.71 ± 2.96, Max False Positive Distance (mm) = 0.1 ± 0.07, Max False Negative Distance (mm) = 0.06 ± 0.1. Conclusions In conclusion, by segmenting a number of IVOCT images with various features, the proposed technique showed to be robust and more accurate than published studies; in addition, the method is completely automatic, providing a new tool for IVOCT segmentation.

Effect on false-lumen status of a combined vascular and endovascular approach for the treatment of acute type A aortic dissection

The aim of the study is to evaluate midterm results with regard to false-lumen status of a combined vascular and endovascular approach for the treatment of acute type A aortic dissection.

Angiographic geometric changes of the lumen arterial wall after bioresorbable vascular scaffolds and metallic platform stents at 1-year follow-up

The aim of this study was to compare the angiographic changes in coronary geometry of the bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) and metallic platform stent (MPS) between baseline and follow-up.

Distinct patterns of inflammation in the airway lumen and bronchial mucosa of children with cystic fibrosis

Studies in cystic fibrosis (CF) generally focus on inflammation present in the airway lumen. Little is known about inflammation occurring in the airway wall, the site ultimately destroyed in end-stage disease.