White Adipose Tissue Re-growth after Partial Lipectomy in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Wistar Rats

The effects of partial removal of epididymal (EPI) and retroperitoneal (RET) adipose tissues (partial lipectomy) on the triacylglycerol deposition of high fat diet induced obese rats were analyzed, aiming to challenge the hypothesized body fat regulatory system. Male 28-day-old wistar rats received a diet enriched with peanuts, milk chocolate and sweet biscuits during the experimental period. At the 90th day of life, rats were submitted to either lipectomy (L) or sham surgery. After 7 or 30 days, RET, EPI, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), blood and carcass were obtained and analyzed. Seven days following surgery, liver lipogenesis rate and EPI relative weight were increased in L. After 30 days, L, RET and EPI presented increased lipogenesis, lipolysis and percentage of small area adipocytes. L rats also presented increased liver malic enzyme activity, BAT lipogenesis, and triacylglycerol and corticosterone serum levels. The partial removal of visceral fat pads affected the metabolism of high fat diet obese rats, which leads to excised tissue re-growth and possibly compensatory growth of non-excised depots at a later time.

Exercise Training in Rats Impairs the Replenishment of White Adipose Tissue after Partial Lipectomy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on the metabolism of rats following the partial removal of fat pads. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were subjected to the partial removal (L) of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RET) and epididymal white adipose tissue (EPI), or a sham operation (Sh). Seven days after surgery, both sets of rats were subdivided into exercised (LE or ShE) (swimming 90 min/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) and sedentary (LS or ShS) groups. Partial removal of the fat pads increased the lipogenesis rates in both the RET and EPI and decreased the weight and lypolysis rate of the EPI, while the RET weight was not significantly affected by lipectomy. In both lipectomized and sham-operated groups, exercise training caused a reduction in carcass lipid content, food intake, RET and EPI weights, and RET lipogenesis rate. On the other hand, the exercise training increased the percentage of diet-derived lipid accumulation in both tissues, either in sham and lipectomized rats. These results confirmed that regrowth is not uniform and depends on the particular fat pad that is excised. They also demonstrated that exercise training following the partial removal of fat pads modified adipose tissue metabolism, impaired the replenishment of adipose tissue, and decrease body adiposity.

Does abdominoplasty with liposuction of the love handles yield a shorter scar? An analysis with abdominal 3D laser scanning.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of abdominoplasty with liposuction of both flanks with regards to length of scar, complications, and patient's satisfaction. A retrospective analysis of 35 patients who underwent esthetic abdominoplasty at our institution between 2002 and 2004 was performed. Thirteen patients underwent abdominoplasty with liposuction of both flanks, 22 patients underwent conventional abdominoplasty. Liposuction of the flanks did not increase the rate of complications of the abdominoplasty procedures. We found a tendency toward shorter scars in patients who underwent abdominoplasty combined with liposuction of the flanks. Implementation of 3-dimensional laser surface scanning to objectify the postoperative outcomes, documented a comparable degree of flatness of the achieved body contouring in both procedures. 3-dimensional laser surface scanning can be a valuable tool to objectify assessment of postoperative results.

Hidrolipoclasia con solución salina hipotónica versus isotónica en adiposidad localizada

Introducción: La hidrolipoclasia es una técnica de moldeamiento corporal consistente en la infiltración de una solución en el tejido adiposo con la consiguiente aplicación de ultrasonido para producir lisis en los adipocitos y reducción del tejido adiposo en el área de tratamiento. Sin embargo, existen múltiples variaciones a la técnica, entre ellas el tipo de solución utilizada. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los resultados con la técnica de hidrolipoclasia en cuanto a reducción de medidas con el uso de solución salina hipotónica versus isotónica. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se analizaron historias clínicas de pacientes a los que se les realizó hidrolipoclasia entre enero de 2013 y febrero 2014 en dos centros médicos estéticos de Bogotá. Se compararon dos técnicas (utilizando solución salina isotónica versus hipotónica) en cuanto a la disminución de medidas antropométricas tomadas antes y después del tratamiento. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la comparación de medias utilizando la prueba t de Student. Resultados: Se analizaron 37 historias clínicas, 19 pacientes sometidos a hidrolipoclasia con solución salina hipotónica y 18 con isotónica. Después de la realización de un procedimiento hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa (p: 0,000) en todas las medidas antropométricas evaluadas, siendo mayor comparativamente en los pacientes tratados con solución hipotónica en cintura, perímetro abdominal y perímetro a nivel de crestas iliacas. Los efectos secundarios incluyeron equimosis y hematomas. No se presentaron complicaciones. Conclusión: La hidrolipoclasia es segura y eficaz en el manejo de adiposidad localizada, teniendo una mayor efectividad cuando se utiliza solución salina hipotónica.

Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation Potential of Canine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Adipose tissue may represent a potential source of adult stem cells for tissue engineering applications in veterinary medicine. It can be obtained in large quantities, under local anesthesia, and with minimal discomfort. In this study, canine adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy from subcutaneous adipose tissue or by suction-assisted lipectomy (i.e., liposuction). Adipose tissue was processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells similar to human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). These canine adipose-derived stem cells (cASCs) can be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling and low levels of senescence. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry show that the majority of cASCs are of mesodermal or mesenchymal origin. cASCs are able to differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic cells in the presence of lineage-specific induction factors. In conclusion, like human lipoaspirate, canine adipose tissue may also contain multipotent cells and represent an important stem cell source both for veterinary cell therapy as well as preclinical studies.

Syndrome in Question

A 48-year-old male patient with chronic alcoholism presented with a soft, bulky, asymptomatic, and slow-growing mass in the posterior region of the neck, as well as nodules in the deltoid region and posterior triangle of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Needle aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung's disease) is a rare proliferation of adipocytes, of unknown etiology, most common in middle-aged men and mainly associated with alcoholism. It predominantly affects the neck and upper trunk, causing compressive symptoms or a imparting a pseudoathletic appearance. Surgical resection or liposuction is the most effective treatment, despite frequent recurrence.

Chin augmentation with conchal cartilage

Profile enhancement most frequently involves mentoplasty. For this purpose, the author performs conchal grafts to the chin. A total of 28 women aged 15 to 76 years (mean age, 38.11 ± 15.11 years) requested mentoplasty by itself or combined with rhinoplasty, rhytidoplasty, or submental lipoplasty. The conchal cartilage was harvested subperichondrally through a posterior 3-cm incision. The specimen measured 3 x 1 cm, which was sufficient to project the chin 2 to 3 mm. For 4 to 5 mm of projection, both cartilages were used. The graft was positioned under the periosteum and held with two 5-0 nylon sutures. In these cases, the conchal cartilage graft was a suitable option for chin augmentations up to 5 mm.

Efeitos de diferentes pressões de aspiração do tecido adiposo na obtenção de células-tronco mesenquimais

INTRODUÇÃO: O enxerto de gordura nos últimos anos voltou a ter destaque como aliado dos cirurgiões plásticos no preenchimento de partes moles, no rejuvenescimento facial volumétrico, nos refinamentos de reconstruções mamárias e por ser rica fonte de células-tronco de comportamento mesenquimal (células-tronco adipoderivadas). Considerando que essas células têm importante papel na angiogênese e na diferenciação adipogênica, com impacto direto na sobrevivência dos enxertos de gordura, determinar parâmetros que otimizem a sua obtenção é imperativo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e comparar dois métodos de obtenção do tecido adiposo da região abdominal quanto ao número de células viáveis presentes na fração vásculo-estromal e analisar a expressão de marcadores de superfície. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas 9 pacientes do sexo feminino submetidas a lipoaspiração. O tecido adiposo foi obtido da região abdominal infraumbilical. Da metade direita foram coletados 20 ml de gordura, empregando-se cânula acoplada a uma seringa, cujo êmbolo foi tracionado de 2 cc em 2 cc, gerando baixas pressões de aspiração (grupo manual). O mesmo processo foi repetido na metade esquerda, entretanto a cânula estava acoplada a um coletor intermediário estéril e esse a uma máquina de vácuo sob pressão negativa constante de 350 mmHg (grupo a vácuo). As amostras foram centrifugadas e a gordura da camada intermediária dos dois grupos foi submetida a contagem celular, estabelecimento de culturas e posterior imunofenotipagem. RESULTADOS: Este estudo demonstrou que, apesar de não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa, a obtenção da gordura da região abdominal empregando-se lipoaspirador com pressão negativa de 350 mmHg proporcionou maior número de células presentes na fração vásculo-estromal quando comparado à obtenção por meio de seringas de 10 ml, com baixas pressões de aspiração. CONCLUSÕES: O emprego de pressão negativa de 350 mmHg é seguro para a obtenção das células-tronco adipoderivadas e o rendimento celular entre os dois grupos não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa.

Lipid Metabolism of Monosodium Glutamate Obese Rats after Partial Removal of Adipose Tissue

We analyzed the effects of partial fat pad removal on retroperitoneal and epididymal fat depots and carcass metabolism of control (C) and MSG-obese (M) rats. Three-month-old C and M male Wistar rats were submitted to either partial surgical excision of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat tissue (lipectomy, L) or sham surgery (S) and studied after 7 or 30 days. Retroperitoneal and epididymal tissue re-growth after lipectomy was not observed, as indicated by the low pads weight of the L groups. The lipolysis rate was stimulated in LC7 and LM7, probably due to surgical stress and low insulin levels. In LM7, but not in LC7, in vivo lipogenesis rate increased in retroperitoneal and epididymal fat tissue, as did the diet-derived lipid accumulation in epididymal fat tissue. Although these local increases were no longer present in LM30, this group showed a large increase in the percentage of small area adipocytes in both pads as well as increased carcass lipogenesis rate. The present data showed that the partial removal of fat depots affected the metabolism of control and MSG-obese rats differently. In the obese animals only, it stimulated both local and carcass lipogenesis rate as well as adipocyte differentiation, i.e. responses likely to favor excised tissue re-growth and/or compensatory growth of non-excised depots.