[Ressenya del llibre A geography of the lifeworld, de David Seamon]

Ressenya del llibre A geography of the lifeworld. A l’obra es proposa explorar la inevitable immersió del ser humà en el seu “món geogràfic” a través de l’estudi del seu comportament i experiències quotidianes en relació als llocs i als espais en els quals viu i es mou

Manoeuvring between anxiety and control : Patients experience of learning to live with diabetes: a lifeworld phenomenological study

Research shows that people with diabetes want their lives to proceed as normally as possible, but some patients experience difficulty in reaching their desired goals with treatment. The learning process is a complex phenomenon interwoven into every facet of life. Patients and healthcare providers often have different perspectives in care which gives different expectations on what the patients need to learn and cope with. The aim of this study, therefore, is to describe the experience of learning to live with diabetes. Interviews were conducted with 12 patients afflicted with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The interviews were then analysed with reference to the reflective lifeworld research approach. The analysis shows that when the afflicted realize that their bodies undergo changes and that blood sugar levels are not always balanced as earlier in life, they can adjust to their new conditions early. The afflicted must take responsibility for balancing their blood sugar levels and incorporating the illness into their lives. Achieving such goals necessitates knowledge. The search for knowledge and sensitivity to changes are constant requirements for people with diabetes. Learning is driven by the tension caused by the need for and dependence on safe blood sugar control, the fear of losing such control, and the fear of future complications. The most important responsibilities for these patients are aspiring to understand their bodies as lived bodies, ensuring safety and security, and acquiring the knowledge essential to making conscious choices.

Patients' experiences of support for learning to live with diabetes to promote health and well-being : A lifeworld phenomenological study

Learning to live with diabetes in such a way that the new conditions will be a normal and natural part of life imposes requirements on the person living with diabetes. Previous studies have shown that there is no clear picture of what and how the learning that would allow persons to incorporate the illness into their everyday life will be supported. The aim of this study is to describe the phenomenon of support for learning to live with diabetes to promote health and well-being, from the patient's perspective. Data were collected by interviews with patients living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The interviews were analysed using a reflective lifeworld approach. The results show that reflection plays a central role for patients with diabetes in achieving a new understanding of the health process, and awareness of their own responsibility was found to be the key factor for such a reflection. The constituents are responsibility creating curiosity and willpower, openness enabling support, technology verifying bodily feelings, a permissive climate providing for participation and exchanging experiences with others. The study concludes that the challenge for caregivers is to create interactions in an open learning climate that initiates and supports reflection to promote health and well-being.

Abordagem crítica sob a ótica da ação comunicativa de Habermas : gestão participativa no campus Serra do Ifes

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender de forma crítica como se caracteriza a gestão participativa no campus Serra do Ifes, a partir do entendimento e do processo interativo dos servidores Técnico-administrativos (TAEs) das classes C, D e E, e das chefias imediatas. Para tanto, a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa (TAC) de Jürgen Habermas, bem como sua proposta de democracia deliberativa foram empreendidas como marco teórico para compreensão desse processo e os conceitos norteadores da TAC (atos de fala, mundo da vida, sistema, colonização do mundo da vida, esfera pública, ação comunicativa e instrumental ou estratégica) foram empregados como elementos de análise das estruturas relevantes identificadas na pesquisa. Esse trabalho caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e possui um enfoque crítico com visão dialética da realidade social. A análise foi realizada considerando o duplo efeito que a prática da gestão participativa pode significar: como comprometimento com o desempenho e reforço do sistema capitalista; e como resistência dos trabalhadores organizados às formas de dominação e controle. Os dados empíricos foram produzidos por meio de pesquisa documental, observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados oito TAEs subordinados e 13 chefias imediatas, selecionados conforme o critério da bola de neve. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para o tratamento das informações obtidas nas entrevistas. Os resultados apontam para a construção de ações participativas de cunho instrumental, estabelecidas a partir dos interesses da gestão, de grupos específicos e individuais. Sendo assim, a prática da gestão participativa caracteriza-se como um espaço estratégico para alcance do êxito e não do entendimento, onde os TAEs são corresponsáveis no processo de manutenção e construção dos fenômenos que emperram o desenvolvimento de uma participação democrática.

As políticas e práticas culturais no seio da Rede Nacional de Teatros e Cineteatros

Artigo baseado na comunicação proferida no 7º Congresso SOPCOM: Comunicação Global, Cultura e Tecnologia, realizado na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 15 -17 dezembro de 2011

Unlimited or disrupted communication? How does the development of the mobile phone effect our ability of social action?

The aim of this essay is to discuss the thesis of the German Sociologist Günter Burkhart that in modern societies a phenomenon appeared which he calls “handymania”, an excessive and nearly addictive use of the mobile phones especially from adolescents. After a short overview about the history of the cell phone, I will relate this development to Jürgen Habermas “theory of communicative action”, more precisely to his diagnosis of a pathological society (“lifeworld”) to find out if the “handymania” could be one expression of it. Adjacent I will present social-psychological theories from E.H.Erikson and Tilmann Habermas to ascertain whether juveniles could really be a high-risk group for this kind of addiction. I will focus on the ability to communicate in an Habermasian way that could be seriously harmed by the unregulated usage of cell phones.

A safe place /

This study is an effort to give voice to an experience. The experience in question is the decision of a student to trust a practitioner. The study also describes the features which led the student to believe that the practitioner would provide a "safe place" for interaction around matters of a delicate or personal nature. This study is the gift oftwo coauthors, each with a unique story which offers description of critical incidents, and what made these events meaningful. At the heart of the study is the potential for education and its professionals to provide safe places for students. Analysis of the data determines that a safe place involves two parties, one seeking a safe place and another who provides the safe place-in this study, the student and the practitioner. The student, with urgency, seeks a safe place to disclose personal information. In this urgency the student is confronted with features of control, comfort, respect, felt sense, and nonjudgemental listening. These features are the constitutive elements of a Safe Place. Capacity to recognize and construct safe places is a competency which the existing school lifeworld demands of today's practitioners. Understanding what are deemed to be safe places and how practitioners might work to create them are the extended outcomes of this study.

Psychothérapie et émancipation sociale : une exploration éthique et sociologique

Cette thèse théorique porte sur la psychothérapie et en particulier sur deux formes - la psychanalyse et la thérapie brève de l'école de Palo Alto - qu'elle entend examiner dans le cadre de débats portant principalement sur les efforts métathéoriques pour penser la modernité, la postmodernité et les phénomènes qui les accompagnent: rationalisation, individualisation, scepticisme ou relativisme cognitif et moral. Il est proposé que la psychothérapie puisse être considérée, au-delà de ce qui a été dit sur le caractère essentiellement narcissique de cette pratique, comme une contribution à l’émancipation sociale en favorisant le développement moral des personnes. Il s’agit ici de montrer que l’on peut faire une autre lecture de cette réalité, et ce à l’aide de ressources fournies par la tradition sociologique. Ce développement moral des personnes serait favorisé par un fonctionnement autoréflexif et des compétences communicationnelles, ces dernières traduisant, dans la pensée d’Habermas, la conscience morale. Mais pour qu’il y ait fonctionnement autoréflexif, il faut pouvoir accepter une capacité à connaître, à se connaître, ce que n’admettent pas d’emblée les thérapies influencées par le postmodernisme. Or l’examen des discours tenus par les praticiens eux-mêmes sur leurs pratiques révèle une influence du postmodernisme, que ce soit sous la forme du constructivisme, du constructionnisme social ou plus généralement d’un certain scepticisme et d’un refus concomitant de l'expertise et de l'autorité, une situation paradoxale pour une pratique professionnelle. Les deux formes de thérapies retenues censées représenter les deux pôles de l'intervention thérapeutique - le pôle technique, stratégique et le pôle expressiviste, communicationnel – sont examinées à la lumière de propositions mises de l’avant par Habermas, notamment sur les rationalités stratégique et communicationnelle ainsi que la situation idéale de parole. La psychothérapie apparait ici comme une contribution inestimable à une rationalisation du monde vécu. Forte d’un approfondissement des notions de modernité et de postmodernisme, l’exploration se poursuit avec une critique détaillée d’ouvrages de Foucault portant sur les pratiques disciplinaires, la grande objection à concevoir les psychothérapies comme émancipatrices. La thèse tend à démontrer que ces analyses ne reflètent plus une situation contemporaine. Enfin, la thèse examine le débat entre Habermas et Foucault sous l'angle des rapports critique-pouvoir : si le savoir est toujours le produit de rapports de pouvoir et s’il a toujours des effets de pouvoir, comment peut-il prétendre être critique ? Il en ressort que l'œuvre d’Habermas, en plus de posséder beaucoup plus d'attributs susceptibles d'appuyer la problématique, offre une théorisation plus équilibrée, plus nuancée des gains liés à la modernité, tandis que Foucault, outre qu'il n'offre aucun espoir de progrès ou gains en rationalité, nous lègue une conception du pouvoir à la fois plus réaliste (il est imbriqué dans toute communication et toute interaction), mais plus fataliste, sans possibilité de rédemption par le savoir. La thèse se conclut par un retour sur la notion d’individualisme avec L. Dumont, Lipovetsky, Taylor, ainsi que Bellah et al. pour discuter des phénomènes sociaux liés, pour certains critiques, à l’existence des psychothérapies, notamment l’instrumentalité des relations.

Biohöfe als Ausgangspunkte informeller Lernprozesse

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Frage nach dem Einfluss von Biohöfen auf die Menschen, die in ihrem Umfeld leben. Sie bietet Einblicke in die Zusammenhänge, in denen Nachbarn, Kollegen, Freunde oder Kunden einen Biohof gezielt oder eher zufällig nutzen, um hier informell Erfahrungen zu sammeln, die zu nachhaltigen Lebennstilen und Wirtschaftsweisen beitragen können. Im Rahmen von sechs Fallstudien wurden hierfür ökologisch wirtschaftende Landwirtschaftsbetriebe in Brandenburg im Hinblick auf die informelle Vermittlung von Wissen und Erfahrungen qualitativ untersucht. Mit Hilfe der Grounded Theory wird die Entstehung von informellen Lernprozessen im sozialen Umfeld der Höfe rekonstruiert. Neben dem empirischen Ausgangsmaterial erwiesen sich die handlungstheoretischen Konstrukte Lebenswelt, Habitus, Lebensstil und Lebensführung als hilfreicher Interpretationshintergrund. Mit diesen theoretischen Ansätzen werden die soziokulturellen Einflussfaktoren für Erfahren, Lernen und Vermitteln betont. Informelles Lernen wird so als ein sozial eingebetteter Prozess verstanden. Aus dieser, weniger subjektorientierten Perspektive treten dann Faktoren wie z.B. die Atmosphäre der Beziehung zwischen einer Person und dem Biohof, die sinnliche Wahrnehmung und die Art der Kommunikation in das Blickfeld der Analyse. In der Untersuchung wird eine Vielzahl von Verhaltensänderungen, Denkanstößen und Anregungen benannt, die im Zusammenhang mit den untersuchten Biohöfen geschildert wurden und die im Hinblick auf eine nachhaltige Entwicklung als förderlich eingeschätzt werden. Sie basieren, so der Ansatz der Arbeit, auf informellen Lernprozessen. Das zentrale Ergebnis der Fallanalysen ist eine strukturierte Zusammenstellung der im Untersuchungskontext relevanten Einflussfaktoren für erfolgreiches informelles Lernen. Als wesentliche erscheinen hierbei insbesondere zwei Variablen: zum einen hat sich das „wohlwollende Interesse“ als förderlich für das Zustandekommen und den Verlauf von informellen Lernprozessen herausgestellt. Mit diesem Begriff wird eine Einstellung dem Biohof gegenüber beschrieben, die ein Wohlgesonnensein, das Vertrauen und die Neugierde am Hof beinhaltet. Zum anderen scheint die „Erlebbarkeit“ der Angebote zur Wissensvermittlung für das informelle, habitus- und lebensstilbezogene Lernen bedeutsam zu sein. Ergänzend zu dem auf die lernenden Subjekte gerichteten Fokus wurden in der Forschungsarbeit auch Beweggründe der Betriebsleiter, für die jeweils praktizierte Wissens- und Erfahrungsvermittlung herausgearbeitet. Die Betrachtung wird durch die Zusammenstellung von Schwierigkeiten und Hindernissen abgerundet, die dem informellen Lernen vom Biohof entgegen stehen können. Ausgehend von den fallbezogenen Ergebnissen liefert die Arbeit damit eine Grundlage, um über die Bedeutung von Lernfeldern, die durch Biolandwirte, aber auch andere Akteursgruppen bereit gestellt werden, nachzudenken und um ihre gesellschaftliche Relevanz zu diskutieren.

Det är värre att inte börja studera än att hoppa av: En fenomenologisk studie om hur icke traditionella studenter upplever studieavhopp från högskoleutbildning

In Sweden we have the highest rate of nontraditional students among Europe. Coincidently, we also have the highest rates of drop outs among OECD. In this particular field, drop out from higher education, there is a need fore more qualitative studies that can support the "statistics". Studies about experiences of drop outs are significant for society, university and individual. The aim of this study is to describe and understand how nontraditional student experiences drop out from higher education. What do they tell regarding their meeting with the university? How is the drop out visible before the decision to quit? How can the way forward to the drop out be described? What does the university mean for them? The theoretical point of departure is the concept lifeworld and the method is phenomenological hermeneutic with narrative interviews with 5 students. The result points out that the meeting with the university implies a meeting with other individuals, and also a "meeting" within the student himself, by inner questioning and reflection. The students’ relationship to the studies is characterized by the experience of understanding. The dropouts are visible through different events. The decision per se has increased over time and the students have also grown personally by the decision. To understand or not understand is crucial for the experience of learning. The drop out can also be seen as a transition and a turning point. The drop out is an effort and takes place without professional staff, therefore needs to be discussed in public.

Om undran inför sociologerna

Sociology of everyday life aided by participant observation indicates that in the lifeworld, sociologists of today can be classified into a fivefold typology (from the highest to the lowest): 1. Pegasuses (such as Bordieu, Foucault and Habermas) 2. Pegasus-groomers 3. Tree-huggers 4. Stump-sitters 5. Moles. The paper analyses the styles of life, letters, and work of these different types as well as their impact on the progress of sociology.

Normas - o estabelecimento dos direitos humanos

Habermas entende os direitos humanos como produtos do mundo da vida; e é no interior do debate público, com a participação efetiva dos cidadãos, que deve ocorrer a produção deles como normas e princípios. A questão central abordada inicialmente no texto concerne ao status dessas normas e ao seu modo de instituição, dependente das relações de reciprocidade entre os sujeitos. Uma vez que, em sociedades complexas, apenas idealmente parece ser possível sustentar a participação de todos os sujeitos no processo de elaboração de normas, o texto procura analisar a viabilidade da concepção de Habermas. Ao considerar os elementos conceituais que orbitam essa questão, processa-se no curso do texto um deslocamento para outra, a saber, a relativa ao quanto o modo de sustentação da normatividade jurídica de um ordenamento social o determina como democrático ou não. Este é o ponto decisivo ao tratamento das normas relativas aos direitos humanos: a análise de Habermas é ideal, mas o pêndulo entre moral e empiria se mantém sempre, de modo que, pelo escopo conceitual, se não há como confirmar a identificação entre legitimidade dos direitos humanos e direitos humanos produzidos democraticamente, torna-se impossível querer negá-la.

O Rio de Janeiro das escolas de samba: lugar, identidade e imagem urbana

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Políticas públicas e história de formação de professores de ciências: uma análise a partir da teoria social de Habermas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ambiguous Longings: Nostalgia as the Interplay between Self, Time and World

This article explores nostalgia’s multi-facetted character by linking its discursive and experiential dimensions. In a first move I highlight its importance as an analytical category that grew out of a very particular history of knowledge. Focusing on a specific case that played a crucial role in the two distinct phases of nostalgia as a concept I show how it has come to be inextricably linked to ideas of displacement and loss. In a second move I juxtapose this metaphorical treatment of loss and nostalgia with a focus on the lifeworld of one individual who has experienced physical displacement. In focusing on two particular nostalgic moments in her life, I sketch the contours of an anthropological phenomenology of nostalgia