Positional Accuracy in Smart-Phones and Its Effect on LBS Applications.

Location-based services (LBS) highly rely on the location of the mobile user in order to provide the service tailored to that location. This location is calculated differently depending on the technology available in the used mobile device. No matter which technology is used, the location will never be calculated 100% correctly; instead there will always be a margin of error generated during the calculation, which is referred to as positional accuracy. This research has reviewed the eight most common positioning technologies available in the major current smart-phones and assessed their positional accuracy with respect to its usage by LBS applications. Given the vast majority of these applications, this research classified them into thirteen categories, and these categories were also classified depending on their level criticality as low, medium, or high critical, and whether they function indoor or outdoor. The accuracies of different positioning technologies are compared to these two criteria. Low critical outdoor and high critical indoor applications were found technologically covered; high and medium critical outdoor ones weren?t fully resolved. Finally three potential solutions are suggested to be implemented in future smartphones to resolve this technological gap: Real-Time Kinematics Global Positioning System (RTK GPS), terrestrial transmitters, and combination of Wireless Sensors Network and Radio Frequency Identification (WSN-RFID).

Operator and organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, electric, solid rubber tires, 4,000 lbs. capacity, 144 in. lift.

"January 1964."

Operator and organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, EMD, solid rubber tired wheels, 2000 lbs capacity, 144 in lift, Army model MHE 219, Allis Chalmers model FE20-24EE, FSN 3930-151-4432.

"June 1971."

Unit, direct support, and general support maintenance manual : truck, forklift, 6000 lbs, variable reach, rough terrain, model 6000M, NSN 3930-01-158-0849 (Army model MHE 269).

"October 1989."

Operator and organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, GED, solid rubber tired wheels, 4000 lbs capacity, 180 in lift, Army model MHE 209, Allis Chalmers model F40-24PS, FSN 3930-459-5948.

"August 1970."

Organizational maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2000 lbs capacity Army model MHE 182, NSN 3930-00-958-3682, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-100 and NSN 3930-00-958-3683, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-127.

Includes index.

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2000 lbs capacity Army model MHE 182, NSN 3930-00-958-3682, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-100 and NSN 3930-00-958-3683, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-127.

"January 1984."

Organizational maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2,000 lbs capacity, Army model MHE 192, NSN 3930-00-781-3857, Clark model C20B-1632032-100, NSN 3930-00-781-3858, Clark model C20B-1632033-127.

"March 1984."

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2,000 lbs capacity, Army model MHE 192, NSN 3930-00-781-3857, Clark model C20B-1632032-100, NSN 3930-00-781-3858, Clark model C20B-1632033-127.

Includes index.

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, 4,000 lbs capacity, Army model MHE 190, NSN 3930-00-926-3807, TOW motor model 502PG4024-100 (pneumatic tire), Army model MHE 190, Army model MHE 190A, Army model MHE 190B, NSN 3930-00-073-9222, TOW motor model 502PG4024-144 (pneumatic tire) ...

Includes index.

Operator's manual : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, 4,000 lbs capacity, towmotor models 462SG4024-100 (solid tire) ... Army model MHE-191 ... FSN 3930-781-3856 ... 3930-073-9222.

"September 1964."

Organizational maintenance repair parts and special tool lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tires, 4,000 lbs capacity, 100 144 in. lift (Army model MHE 184, Clark model C40B-1615158-100), FSN 3930-954-9311 (Clark model C40B-1615159-144) FSN 3930-954-1303.

Includes index.

Field and depot maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2,000 lbs capacity, Army model MHE-182, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-100, FSN 3930-958-3682, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-127, FSN 3930-958-3683.

Includes index.