Feeding and growth on bivalve biodeposits by the deposit feeder Stichopus japonicus Selenka (Echinodennata : Holothuroidea) co-cultured in lantern nets

Suspension aquaculture of filter-feeding bivalves has been developing rapidly in coastal waters in the world, especially in China. Previous studies have demonstrated that dense populations of filter-feeding bivalves in shallow water can produce a large amount of faeces and pseudofaeces (biodeposits) that may lead to negative impacts on the benthic environment. To determine whether the deposit feeder Stichopus (Apostichopus) japonicus Selenka can feed on bivalve biodeposits and whether the sea cucumber can be co-cultured with bivalves in suspended lantern nets, three experiments were conducted, two in tanks in the laboratory and one in the field. In a 3-month flow-through experiment, results showed that sea cucumbers grew well with specific growth rate (SGR) reaching 1.38% d(-1), when cultured in the bottom of tanks (10 m(3) water volume) where scallops were cultured in suspension in lantern nets. Moreover, results of another laboratory experiment demonstrated that sea cucumbers could survive well on bivalve biodeposits, with a feeding rate of 1.82 +/- 0.13 g dry biodeposits ind(-1) d(-1), absorption efficiency of organic matter in biodeposits of 17.2% +/- 5.5%, and average SGR of 1.60% d(-1). Our longer-term field experiments in two coastal bays (Sishili Bay and Jiaozhou Bay, northern China) showed that S. japonicus co-cultured with bivalves also grew well at growth rates (0.09-0.31 g wet weight ind(-1) d(-1)) depending on individual size. The results suggest that bivalve lantern nets can provide a good habitat for sea cucumbers; and the co-culture of bivalve molluscs with sea cucumbers may provide an additional valuable crop with no additional inputs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biology, population dynamics, management and conservation of deep water lantern sharks, Etmopterus spinax and Etmopterus pusillus (Chondrichthyes: Etmopteridae) in southern Portugal (northeast Atlantic)

Tese dout., Ciências e Tecnologias das Pescas, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Molecular insights on the evolution of the lateral and head lantern luciferases and bioluminescence colors in Mastinocerini railroad-worms (Coleoptera: Phengodidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Material for lantern slides on wood preservation /

The plates are accompanied by a covering letter (6 l. at beginning) dated Oct. 11, 1919, from the compiler to Professor E.E. King of the University of Illinois, who had requested the material.

Friar's lantern.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Lantern.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lantern slides: how to make and color them.

Copyrighted in 1894.

Optic projection : principles, installation, and use of the magic lantern, projection microscope, reflection lantern moving picture machine, fully illustrated with plates and with over 400 text-figures /

Bibliography: p. 693-703.

Cyclopedia of motion-picture work : a general reference work on the optical lantern, motion head, specific projecting machines, talking pictures, color motography, fixed camera photography, motography, photo-plays, motion-picture theater, management and operation, audience, program, etc /

Cinematography.

God's lantern-bearers;

Mode of access: Internet.

Wilson's lantern journeys : a series of descriptions of journeys at home and abroad, for use with views in the magic lantern or the stereoscope /

Volumes 2-3 published by Edward L. Wilson.

Lantern slides and film strips of the United States Department of Agriculture /

"Issued March, 1930."

Lantern slides and film strips of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

Earlier edition issued by Extension service, Office of cooperative extension work.

The magic lantern; or, Sketches of scenes in the metropolis.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lantern slides : how to make and color them /

Includes advertising matter.