Effects of Wingwall Configurations on the Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges

This research includes parametric studies performed with the use of three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models in order to investigate the effects of cantilever wingwall configurations on the behavior of integral abutment bridges located on straight alignment and zero skew. The parametric studies include all three types of cantilever wingwalls; inline, flared, and U-shaped wingwalls. Bridges analyzed vary in length from 100 to 1200 feet. Soil-structure and soil-pile interaction are included in the analysis. Loadings include dead load in combination with temperature loads in both rising and falling temperatures. Plasticity in the integral abutment piles is investigated by means of nonlinear plasticity models. Cracking in the abutments and stresses in the reinforcing steel are investigated by means of nonlinear concrete models. The effects of wingwall configurations are assessed in terms of stresses in the integral abutment piles, cracking in the abutment walls, stresses in the reinforcing steel of abutment walls, and axial forces induced in the steel girders. The models developed are analyzed for three types of soil behind the abutments and wingwalls; dense sand, medium dense sand, and loose sand. In addition, the models consider both the case of presence and absence of predrilled holes at the top nine feet of piles. The soil around the piles below the predrilled holes consists of very stiff clay. The results indicate that for the stresses in the piles, the critical load is temperature contraction and the most critical parameter is the use of predrilled holes. However, for both the stresses in the reinforcing steel and the axial forces induced in the girders, the critical load is temperature expansion and the critical parameter is the bridge length. In addition, the results indicate that the use of cantilever wingwalls in integral abutment bridges results in an increase in the magnitude of axial forces in the steel girders during temperature expansion and generation of pile plasticity at shorter bridge lengths compared to bridges built without cantilever wingwalls.

A Novel Run-Time Monitoring Architecture for Safe and Efficient Inline Monitoring

20th International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies - Ada-Europe 2015 (Ada-Europe 2015), Madrid, Spain.

Computer vision and color measurement techniques for inline monitoring of cheese curd syneresis

Optical characteristics of stirred curd were simultaneously monitored during syneresis in a 10-L cheese vat using computer vision and colorimetric measurements. Curd syneresis kinetic conditions were varied using 2 levels of milk pH (6.0 and 6.5) and 2 agitation speeds (12.1 and 27.2 rpm). Measured optical parameters were compared with gravimetric measurements of syneresis, taken simultaneously. The results showed that computer vision and colorimeter measurements have potential for monitoring syneresis. The 2 different phases, curd and whey, were distinguished by means of color differences. As syneresis progressed, the backscattered light became increasingly yellow in hue for circa 20 min for the higher stirring speed and circa 30 min for the lower stirring speed. Syneresis-related gravimetric measurements of importance to cheese making (e.g., curd moisture content, total solids in whey, and yield of whey) correlated significantly with computer vision and colorimetric measurements..

Flow synthesis using gaseous ammonia in a Teflon AF-2400 tube-in-tube reactor: Paal–Knorr pyrrole formation and gas concentration measurement by inline flow titration

Using a simple and accessible Teflon AF-2400 based tube-intube reactor, a series of pyrroles were synthesised in flow using the Paal–Knorr reaction of 1,4-diketones with gaseous ammonia. An inline flow titration technique allowed measurement of the ammonia concentration and its relationship to residence time and temperature.

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of weakly-scattering subjects

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utility of inline milk fat and protein ratio to diagnose subclinical ketosis and to assign propylene glycol treatment in lactating dairy cows

The objective was to identify a fat-to-protein ratio (FPR) cut-off to diagnose subclinical ketosis (SCK) and to evaluate the effect of propylene glycol (PPG) treatment of cows with high FPR. The optimized cut-off was > 1.42; sensitivity (Se) = 92%; specificity (Sp) = 65%. A cut-off > 1.5 was selected for the PPG trial for balanced Se-Sp. Fat-to-protein ratio cut-offs > 1.25, 1.35, 1.50, 1.60, and 1.70 resulted in Se-Sp of 100% to 49%, 96% to 59%, 75% to 78%, 33% to 90%, and 8% to 96%, respectively. The proportions of cows with FPR > 1.25, 1.35, 1.42, 1.50, 1.60, and 1.70 were 60%, 50%, 44%, 30%, 14%, and 6%, respectively. Incidences of clinical ketosis and milk yield were similar between cows that received 400 mL of PPG (n = 34) and control cows (n = 38). Prevalence of SCK at enrollment was 29.2%; therefore, FPR > 1.5 is not indicated for treatment. Lower cut-offs should be used for screening.

Direct support and general support maintenance manual for engine, diesel, 6 cylinder, inline, turbocharged, Cummins model NTC-400 BC2, NSN 2815-01-156-6210.

"July 1985"--Vol. 2.

73.7 Tb/s (96 x 3 x 256-Gb/s) mode-division-multiplexed DP-16QAM transmission with inline MM-EDFA

Transmission of a 73.7 Tb/s (96x3x256-Gb/s) DP-16QAM mode-division-multiplexed signal over 119km of few-mode fiber transmission line incorporating an inline multi mode EDFA and a phase plate based mode (de-)multiplexer is demonstrated. Data-aided 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing was used to demodulate the signal. The total demonstrated net capacity, taking into account 20% of FEC-overhead and 7.5% additional overhead (Ethernet and training sequences), is 57.6 Tb/s, corresponding to a spectral efficiency of 12 bits/s/Hz.

Mode-division-multiplexed 3x112-Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission over 80 km few-mode fiber with inline MM-EDFA and blind DSP

We show transmission of a 3x112-Gb/s DP-QPSK mode-division-multiplexed signal up to 80km, with and without multi-mode EDFA, using blind 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing. We show that the OSNR-penalty induced by mode-mixing in the multi-mode EDFA is negligible.

73.7 Tb/s (96X3x256-Gb/s) mode-division-multiplexed DP-16QAM transmission with inline MM-EDFA

We show transmission of a 73.7 Tb/s (96x3x256-Gb/s) DP-16QAM modedivision- multiplexed signal over 119km of few-mode fiber with inline multi-mode EDFA, using 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing. The total demonstrated net capacity is 57.6 Tb/s (SE 12 bits/s/Hz). © 2012 OSA.

Microfiber-based inline Mach-Zehnder interferometer for dual-parameter measurement

An approach to realizing simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature based on a microfiber-based dual inline Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and demonstrated. Due to different interference mechanisms, as one interference between the core mode and the lower order cladding mode in the sensing single-mode fiber and the other interference between the fundamental mode and the high-order mode in the multimode microfiber, the former interferometer achieves RI sensitivity of -23.67 nm/RIU and temperature sensitivity of 81.2 pm/oC, whereas those of the latter are 3820.23 nm/RIU, and -465.7 pm/oC, respectively. The large sensitivity differences can provide a more accurate demodulation of RI and temperature. The sensor is featured with multiparameters measurement, compact structure, high sensitivity, low cost, and easy fabrication.

73.7 Tb/s (96 x 3 x 256-Gb/s) mode-divisionmultiplexed DP-16QAM transmission with inline MM-EDFA

Transmission of a 73.7 Tb/s (96x3x256-Gb/s) DP-16QAM mode-division- multiplexed signal over 119km of few-mode fiber transmission line incorporating an inline multi mode EDFA and a phase plate based mode (de-)multiplexer is demonstrated. Data-aided 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing was used to demodulate the signal. The total demonstrated net capacity, taking into account 20% of FEC-overhead and 7.5% additional overhead (Ethernet and training sequences), is 57.6 Tb/s, corresponding to a spectral efficiency of 12 bits/s/Hz. © 2012 Optical Society of America.

Mode-division-multiplexed 3x112-Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission over 80 km few-mode fiber with inline MM-EDFA and blind DSP

We show transmission of a 3x112-Gb/s DP-QPSK mode-division-multiplexed signal up to 80km, with and without multi-mode EDFA, using blind 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing. We show that the OSNR-penalty induced by mode-mixing in the multi-mode EDFA is negligible.

Rapid inline derivatization of primary and secondary amine containing drugs by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence

Despite the ongoing "war on drugs" the seizure rates for phenethylamines and their analogues have been steadily increasing over the years. The illicit manufacture of these compounds has become big business all over the world making it all the more attractive to the inexperienced "cook". However, as a result, the samples produced are more susceptible to contamination with reactionary byproducts and leftover reagents. These impurities are useful in the analysis of seized drugs as their identities can help to determine the synthetic pathway used to make these drugs and thus, the provenance of these analytes. In the present work two fluorescent dyes, 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan and 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein, were used to label several phenethylamine analogues for electrophoretic separation with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The large scale to which law enforcement is encountering these compounds has the potential to create a tremendous backlog. In order to combat this, a rapid, sensitive method capable of full automation is required. Through the utilization of the inline derivatization method developed whereby analytes are labeled within the capillary efficiently in a minimum span of time, this can be achieved. The derivatization and separation parameters were optimized on the basis of a variety of experimentally determined factors in order to give highly resolved peaks in the fluorescence spectrum with limits of detection in the low µg/mL range.

Ultra Compact Inline E-Plane Waveguide Bandpass Filters Using Cross Coupling

This paper presents novel ultra-compact waveguide bandpass filters that exhibit pseudo elliptic responses with ability to place transmission zeros on both sides of the passband to form sharp roll offs. The filters contain E plane extracted pole sections cascaded with cross-coupled filtering blocks. Compactness is achieved by the use of evanescent mode sections and closer arranged resonators modified to shrink in size. The filters containing non-resonating nodes are designed by means of the generalized coupling coefficients (GCC) extraction procedure for the cross-coupled filtering blocks and extracted pole sections. We illustrate the performance of the proposed structures through the design examples of a third and a fourth order filters with center frequencies of 9.2 GHz and 10 GHz respectively. The sizes of the proposed structures suitable for fabricating using the low cost E plane waveguide technology are 38% smaller than ones of the E plane extracted pole filter of the same order.