Ingestão alimentar e nutricional de callithrix jacchus: relaçao com hierarquia social e disponibilidade de alimento

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Hierarquia social e sucesso alimentar em callithrix jacchus (Primates, Callithrichidae), sob condições naturais

The competition for resources is one of the costs of group living. The scramble competition is considered an indirect type of competition, mainly associated with factors like group size and distribution of resources. Contest competition occurs when individuals compete directly for resources. In species that exibit this type of competition the establishment of dominance hierarchy can occur, resulting in differences on feeding and reproductive benefits for each member of the group. In these cases, aggressive and submissive behaviors are expected as a way to signal social status. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social hierarchy over food ingestion in Callithrix jacchus. Data recording was from September/2006 to March/2007, eight days by month, at Floresta Nacional de Açu do Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade. The observation time started at 05:00 AM and finished after the last animal was on the sleeptree. Analyses of aggressive interactions, behavioral profile and diet, reveals a lot of advantages for dominat animals in the study group. Dominant individuals had higher intake of animal matter that subordinates. The last ones, consumed fruits, exsudate and, eventually, explored itens that were not common to the diet. We suggest that dominance hiearchy enable the reproductive female to assure priority on access to food resources, a important caracteristc to supply tha costs to maintain tha high reproductive taxa of the specie. We also suggest that reproductive male, due to the participation on food transfer, had the forage efficience reduced

Diferenciação etológica e morfofisiológica das castas de Mischocyttarus cerberus styx Richards, 1940 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Mischocyttarini), com especial referência à dinâmica do estabelecimento da hierarquia social

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

A interferência da luminosidade na agressividade e na hierarquia social de ciclídeos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estabelecimento de hierarquia social por meio de ordem de bicadas em Gallus gallus domesticus (Galliformes: Aves)

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Ansiedade social e cooperação em contexto de hierarquia social

The Ultimatum Game is a methodology of the Game Theory that intends to investigate the individuals cooperative behavior in situations of resources division. Studies have shown that half of the subjects don’t accept unfair division of resources, and prefer to bear a momentary cost to revenge the deceivers. However, people who have assertiveness impairment, such as social phobic individuals, could have some difficulties to reject unfair offer division resource, especially in situations that cause over anxiety, like being in the presence of an individual considered to be in a high hierarchical level. A negative perception about his own worth can also make the person thinks that he does not deserve a fair division. These individuals also have a strong desire to convey a positive impression to the others, which could cause them to be more generous in a resource division. The aim of this study was to verify, through the Ultimatum Game, if social anxiety individuals would accept more high confederate’s unfair offers that low confederate’s unfair offers; and if they would be more generous in goods division, in the same game, when compared to individuals without social anxiety. Ninety-five (95) college students participated in this study answering the Social Phobia Inventory, the Factorial Scale of Extroversion, socio-demographic questionnaire, situational anxiety scale and, finally, the Ultimatum Game in four rounds (1st and 3rd – confederate representing high or low ranking using an unfair proposal; 2nd – confederate without social status using fair proposal; 4th – subject’s research proposes the offer). The results showed a significant negative correlation between social anxiety and haughtiness, and social anxiety and assertiveness, and a significant positive correlation between social anxiety and situational anxiety. There was no significant difference in situational anxiety due to the status for anxious individuals. Also we found no significant difference in the amount of donated goods, showing that generous behavior does not differ between groups. Finally, the social status did not influence the decision in response to the game for anxious individuals. These results corroborate to other studies that show the relationship between social anxiety and assertiveness, and social anxiety and negative self-perception capability and value (low haughtiness). As show the results of situational anxiety scale, the high status stimulus was not perceived as threatening to the individual, which may have affected his answer in the game. The results for the Ultimatum Game follow the same direction as the acceptance rate for unfair proposals (approximately 50%) in studies with non-clinical sample.

Ansiedade social e cooperação em contexto de hierarquia social

The Ultimatum Game is a methodology of the Game Theory that intends to investigate the individuals cooperative behavior in situations of resources division. Studies have shown that half of the subjects don’t accept unfair division of resources, and prefer to bear a momentary cost to revenge the deceivers. However, people who have assertiveness impairment, such as social phobic individuals, could have some difficulties to reject unfair offer division resource, especially in situations that cause over anxiety, like being in the presence of an individual considered to be in a high hierarchical level. A negative perception about his own worth can also make the person thinks that he does not deserve a fair division. These individuals also have a strong desire to convey a positive impression to the others, which could cause them to be more generous in a resource division. The aim of this study was to verify, through the Ultimatum Game, if social anxiety individuals would accept more high confederate’s unfair offers that low confederate’s unfair offers; and if they would be more generous in goods division, in the same game, when compared to individuals without social anxiety. Ninety-five (95) college students participated in this study answering the Social Phobia Inventory, the Factorial Scale of Extroversion, socio-demographic questionnaire, situational anxiety scale and, finally, the Ultimatum Game in four rounds (1st and 3rd – confederate representing high or low ranking using an unfair proposal; 2nd – confederate without social status using fair proposal; 4th – subject’s research proposes the offer). The results showed a significant negative correlation between social anxiety and haughtiness, and social anxiety and assertiveness, and a significant positive correlation between social anxiety and situational anxiety. There was no significant difference in situational anxiety due to the status for anxious individuals. Also we found no significant difference in the amount of donated goods, showing that generous behavior does not differ between groups. Finally, the social status did not influence the decision in response to the game for anxious individuals. These results corroborate to other studies that show the relationship between social anxiety and assertiveness, and social anxiety and negative self-perception capability and value (low haughtiness). As show the results of situational anxiety scale, the high status stimulus was not perceived as threatening to the individual, which may have affected his answer in the game. The results for the Ultimatum Game follow the same direction as the acceptance rate for unfair proposals (approximately 50%) in studies with non-clinical sample.

Identidade e imagem das marcas de moda de luxo: um estudo sobre a Louis Vuitton

O luxo pressupõe uma hierarquia social e a moda serve como ferramenta para aplicação desta distinção. A maneira como a pessoa se veste reflete a sua personalidade, posição econômica e social. A posse de bens de luxo serve para diferenciá-la daqueles que não podem consumi-los e a marca, como referência para o usuário. A transformação das marcas de moda de luxo de pequenos negócios familiares para empresas com presença mundial, aumentou o nível de competitividade entre elas, levando-as a ampliação dos seus mercados. O Brasil, junto a outros países emergentes, figura como mercado chave neste crescimento. O mercado de luxo vem despertando a atenção do meio acadêmico. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de estudar a identidade e a imagem da Louis Vuitton, marca líder deste mercado no mundo, e assim contribuir para o avanço deste estudo. O estudo valeu-se de pesquisa exploratória qualitativa e utilizou uma amostra de profissionais e consumidores de marcas de moda de luxo, com três fontes de evidência: consulta a publicações relacionadas ao tema, entrevistas em profundidade e observação sistemática. Os resultados apontam para características que definem o comportamento do consumidor de luxo em relação às marcas de moda de luxo internacionais e os fatores que os levam a preferi-las ou rejeitá-las. Também evidencia diferenças entre a identidade e a imagem da Louis Vuitton no Brasil, mercado relativamente jovem em relação ao consumo de luxo.

Organizações e cultura brasileira

Descreve alguns dos caracteres distintivos das condutas dos brasileiros, tratando das raízes culturais brasileiras e algumas das implições durante os séculos seguintes. Aborda dois traços antagônicos: a capacidade de conciliação e o autoritarismo como reflexo da hierarquia social. Analisa a mobilidade social e vertical nas organizações, mediante a influência da cultura brasileira.

More than one inseminated female in colonies of the independent-founding wasp Mischocyttarus cassununga von Ihering (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A homogeneidade de tamanho aumenta as interações agressivas em machos revertidos de tilápia-do-nilo, linhagem GIFT

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Criminalidade e relações de poder em Mato Grosso (1870-1910)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos reprodutivos do muçuã (Kinosternon scorpioides) em cativeiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A construção histórica do termo caboclo: sobre estruturas e representações sociais no meio rural amazônico

O artigo apresenta uma análise dos usos da palavra caboclo, distinguindo entre a complexidade do uso popular e a objetividade postulada pelo uso acadêmico. A representação dessa categoria social, ao lado da história do termo, revelam um retrato da própria história da Amazônia, com sua estrutura de classes e a valoração social atribuída aos seus componentes. Sendo essencialmente um termo de identificação, e raramente uma identidade, o nome caboclo faz parte da construção das relações sociais, ao classificar pessoas e definir sua posição na hierarquia social. Com base nessa complexidade, o artigo faz uma crítica à objetividade reivindicada pelo uso acadêmico.