A general survey and some taxonomic implications of diterpenes in the Asteraceae

This paper provides a general survey of the occurrence of diterpenes in the Asteraceae. Data on 4351 botanical occurrences were obtained from the literature. These were grouped by skeleton for each genus. Then, the genera were grouped by subtribes, which, in turn, were gathered in tribes, followed by subfamilies. In spite of the low number of species containing diterpenes, it was possible to describe some structural features of these compounds, i.e. The skeletal types in various taxa and the positions in some skeletons that are always oxidized or never undergo oxidation in some genera. Thus, it was verified that: in the subfamily Cichorioideae, only a few of the studied species possess diterpenes, wherein kaurane is the most frequent diterpene skeleton. In the Asteroideae, the presence of diterpenes is much greater than that in the Cichorioideae and Carduoideae. At tribal taxonomic level, for example, the Astereae produce labdanes and clerodanes; Heliantheae and Eupatorieae produce kauranes and labdanes, respectively; and Calenduleae produce pimaranes. Some taxonomic implications are presented. (c) 2005 the Linnean Society of London.

Towards the Compilation of a Consistent Asian International I-O Table--The Report of the General Survey on National I-O Tables--

This paper reports on the survey of the characteristic features of national input-output tables compiled by the member countries of the Asian International Input-Output Table project. In making any inter-regional tables, the presentation format of each constituent table has to be carefully studied in order to design a common adjustment rule. The survey was conducted in the period of 2003-04, with invaluable cooperation from each collaborating institution of the project. Some analytical findings are drawn from the survey results, such as the similarity between each national table and the Japanese table, the responsiveness to the 1993 SNA, and the major areas of conflict regarding the presentation format.

A general survey of the present status of the atomic structure problem : report of the Committee on Atomic Structure of the National Research Council /

Cover-title.

Present state of the Spanish colonies : including a particular report of Hispa�nola, or the Spanish part of Santo Domingo; with a general survey of the settlements on the south continent of America, as relates to history, trade, population, customs, manners, &c., with a concise statement of the sentiments of the people on their relative situation to the mother country, &c. /

Printer varies: "H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London."--Vol. I, p. 384; "C. Stower, Printer, Paternoster Row, London."-- Vol. II, p. 356.

Library of universal history and popular science; containing a record of the human race from the earliest historical period to the present time; embracing a general survey of the progress of mankind in national and social life, civil government, religion, literature, science and art ...

Issued under various titles.

History, gazetteer, and directory, of Warwickshire, comprising a general survey of the county, with a variety of historical, statistical, topographical, comnmercial, and agricultural information ....

Mode of access: Internet.

General survey of American literature : Syllabus of a course of six lecture-studies.

Mode of access: Internet.

An essay on the interpretation of Romans, Chap. VII. 14-25; with a general survey of Chapters III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII : followed by a brief commentary, in which the principles of the essay are applied /

Includes bibliographical references.

History of German civilization; a general survey

Mode of access: Internet.

The military and civil history of the county of Essex, New York; and a general survey of its physical geography, its mines and minerals, and industrial pursuits, embracing an account of the northern wilderness; and also the military annals of the fortresses of Crown Point and Ticonderoga.

Mode of access: Internet.

General survey and statement of objectives by the librarian ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Survey of conditions of the Indians in the United States. Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Indian affairs, United States Senate, Seventieth Congress, second session[- Congress,session] pursuant to S Res. 79, a resolution directing the Committee on Indian affairs of the United States Senate to make a general survey of the condition of the Indians of the United States.

Lynn J. Frazier, chairman.