Effect of maternal hydration on the increase of amniotic fluid index

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of maternal hydration with oral isotonic solution and water on the amniotic fluid (AF) index of women with normohydramnios. Women with a normal AF index and gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks without maternal complications were randomized into three groups [isotonic solution (Gatorade (R)), water, control]. The isotonic solution and water groups were instructed to drink 1.5 L of the respective solution and the control group was instructed to drink 200 mL water over a period of 2 to 4 h. AF index was measured before and after hydration by Doppler ultrasonography. The investigator performing the AF index measurement was blind to the subject's group. Ninety-nine women completed the study without any adverse maternal effects. The median increase in AF index after hydration was significantly greater for the isotonic solution and water groups than for the control group. There was no significant difference between the isotonic solution and water groups. Hydration with isotonic solution and water caused a 10-fold (95% CI: 2.09-49.89) and 6-fold (95% CI: 1.16-30.95) increase in the chance of a 20% increase of AF index, respectively. Maternal hydration with isotonic solution or water increased the AF index in women with normohydramnios.

Ingestion of hypertonic NaCl vs. palatable drinks by sodium-depleted rats

This work investigated whether the preference for NaCl solution is shifted to more palatable solutions in the adult male sodium-depleted rat (n=6-10 per group). Animals had daily access to three bottles, one containing water, another 1.8% NaCl (300 mM), and a third containing 0.9% NaCl (150 mM), Gatorade (orange-OG or grape flavored-GG), orange juice (sweetened or unsweetened, from concentrate), or 10% sucrose (no sodium). Sodium content in Gatorade and orange juice ranged from 7 to 14 mEq/l. Daily intakes were recorded for at least 5 days prior to sodium depletion. Then, the animals were depleted of sodium (diuretic plus sodium-deficient diet and water for 24 h). Then, the other two bottles were returned to the animals and the intakes were recorded for 120 min (sodium preference test, SPT). Daily intake from the third bottle (except for unsweetened orange juice) at least doubled the daily 1.8% NaCl intake. The average 1.8% NaCl intake (13 +/- 2 ml) in the SPT was higher than the intake of 10% sucrose (6 +/- 1 ml) or of any other solution (less than 6 ml). The intakes of 1.8% NaCl and 0.9% NaCl (10 +/- 3 ml) were similar during the SPT. The animals also preferred 0.9% NaCl (27 +/- 1 ml) to OG (3 +/- 1 ml) in the absence of 1.8% NaCl in the SPT. Therefore, the preference for sodium in sodium-depleted rats also applies when palatable and nutritive solutions are simultaneously available. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In vitro assessment of dentin erosion after immersion in acidic beverages: Surface profile analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry study

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some acidic drinks on dentin erosion, using methods of surface profile (SP) analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). One hundred standardized dentin slabs obtained from bovine incisor roots were used. Dentin slabs measuring 5x5 mm were ground flat, polished and half of each specimen surface was protected with nail polish. For 60 min, the dentin surfaces were immersed in 50 mL of 5 different drinks (Gatorade®, Del Valle Mais orange juice®, Coca-Cola®, Red Bull® and white wine), 20 blocks in each drink. The pH of each beverage was measured. After the erosive challenge, the nail polish was removed and SP was analyzed. The mineral concentration of dentin surfaces was determined by means of EDXRF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). SP analysis showed that Red-Bull had the highest erosive potential (p<0.05). EDXRF results exhibited a decrease in phosphate in the groups immersed in Red-Bull, orange juice and white wine (p<0.05), and no significant difference in calcium content between the reference surface and eroded surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that all studied beverages promoted erosion on root dentin and Red Bull had the highest erosive potential. There was no correlation between pH of beverages and their erosive potential and only the P content changed after erosive challenge.

Effects of an isotonic beverage on autonomic regulation during and after exercise

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparison of the Effects of Hydration with Water or Isotonic Solution on the Recovery of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Storage media for avulsed teeth: a literature review

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of traumatic tooth injuries because it causes damageto several structures and results in the complete displacement of the tooth from its socketin the alveolar bone. The ideal situation is to replant an exarticulated tooth immediatelyafter avulsion because the extraoral time is a determinant factor for treatment successand for a good prognosis. However, it is not always possible. The success of replantationdepends on a number of factors that may contribute to accelerate or minimize theoccurrence of root resorption or ankylosis, among which is the type and characteristicsof the medium used for temporary storage during the time elapsed between avulsionand replantation. Maintaining the tooth in an adequate wet medium that can preserve,as longer as possible, the vitality of the periodontal ligament cells that remain on rootsurface is the key to success of replantation. Recent research has led to the developmentof storage media that produce conditions that closely resemble the original socketenvironment, with adequate osmolality (cell pressure), pH, nutritional metabolites andglucose, and thus create the best possible conditions for storage. Although these storagemedia can now be purchased in the form of retail products, the most common scenariois that such a product will not be readily available at the moment of the accident Thispaper reviews the literature on the different storage media that have been investigatedfor avulsed teeth based on full-length papers retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, BBOand SciELO electronic databases using the key words storage medium , transportationmedium , avulsion , tooth avulsion , replantation , tooth replantation , milk and propolis .After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 papers were selected and criticallyreviewed with respect to the characteristics, efficacy and ease of access of the storagemedium. The review of the lite

Rehidratación post-ejercicio con agua de coco: ¿igual o más efectiva que una bebida deportiva?

Objetivo: comparar la efectividad rehidratante del agua de coco fresca, con el agua embotellada y una bebida deportiva.Metodología: once participantes de 22,0 ± 1,9 años y 65,6 ± 13,0 kg de masa corporal (promedio ± D.E), asistieron al laboratorio en tres ocasiones, separadas entre sí por una semana. En cada sesión se deshidrataron por ejercicio en el calor hasta perder 1,84 ± 0,2% de la masa corporal. Luego fueron rehidratados en una hora, con agua comercial embotellada (AE), una bebida deportiva (BD) o agua de coco (AC), utilizando un volumen equivalente al 120% del peso perdido. Se evaluaron las sensaciones percibidas relacionadas con la tolerancia y la aceptación de las bebidas. Se recolectó la orina eliminada durante tres horas post-rehidratación.Resultados: Hubo interacción entre las bebidas y el tiempo sobre la orina excretada (p=0,003), siendo el AE estadísticamente diferente al AC y la BD a los 30 y 60 min post-rehidratación (p<0,05). El volumen total de orina fue mayor con agua embotellada (625 ± 183 mL), en comparación con AC y BD (390 ± 73 mL y 416 ± 200 mL, respectivamente, p<0,002); AC y BD no fueron distintas entre sí (p>0,05). Esto produjo porcentajes de conservación de líquido diferentes para AE (56%), con respecto a BD (71%) y AC (71%) (p<0,001). No hubo interacción entre las bebidas y el tiempo sobre las sensaciones percibidas de tolerancia (p>0,05).La percepción de la dulzura fue menor para AE (p= 0,024). BD obtuvo mejores puntajes de sabor y aceptación general (p<0,05).Conclusiones: el agua de coco fresca resulta tan efectiva como una bebida deportiva para conservar el líquido consumido, teniendo una buena tolerancia y aceptación. Podría ser usada como una bebida rehidratante, cuando la persona la tenga disponible y le agrade su sabor.

Meios de transporte de dentes avulsionados

A avulsão dentária é um dos mais severos traumatismos dento-alveolares, caracterizado pela desinserção completa do dente do seu ambiente natural, o alvéolo. O prognóstico desta condição traumática depende em grande escala da atitude adoptada no momento do acidente. No entanto, quando o reposicionamento dentário imediato não é possível, factores como o tempo que o dente permaneceu no meio extra-oral e o meio de transporte utilizado influenciam consideravelmente o prognóstico da peça dentária avulsionada. A elaboração deste trabalho tem como objectivo verificar o estado actual da investigação científica relativamente aos meios de transporte de dentes avulsionados, nomeadamente, indagar sobre os potenciais meios de transporte actualmente em estudo. Foi efectuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica digital, na base de dados PUBMED, com os seguintes termos de pesquisa: “tooth avulsion”, “storage media”, “tooth reimplantation” e “delayed reimplantation” isoladamente ou em combinação. Para a selecção dos artigos foram estipulados critérios de inclusão e exclusão na pesquisa bibliográfica. Existem soluções especificamente concebidas para a conservação e preservação de células humanas, que idealmente deveriam ser sempre utilizadas como meios de transporte de dentes avulsionados, tais como: solução balanceada de Hank, Viaspan®, Eurocollins® e determinados meios de cultura. São soluções que apresentam propriedades biofísico-químicas que os levam a ser considerados meios de transporte de eleição. No entanto, a sua escassa disponibilidade no momento da avulsão desperta a necessidade pela investigação de outros meios, nomeadamente, soluções que apresentem nesse contexto maior disponibilidade. O leite, a saliva, a solução salina e o Gatorade® continuam a representar meios alternativos para o transporte de dentes avulsionados, porém, outras soluções emergentes apresentam características biológicas que as remetem para meios de transporte promissores como por exemplo: solução de propólis, o chá verde, o extracto de aloe Vera, água de côco, clara de ovo, extracto de amora, sumo de romã, salvia officinalis e Ricetral®. Evidencia-se, com este trabalho, a necessidade de estudos futuros nesta área de modo a que meios de transporte que actualmente pensa-se poderem ser extremamente efectivos na manutenção da viabilidade célular e com ampla disponibilidade, possam ser utilizados de forma segura e vantajosa para o paciente, nomeadamente, garantindo melhores prognósticos em situações de reimplantação dentária.