The diffusion of grassroots innovations for sustainability in Italy and Great Britain: an exploratory spatial data analysis

Little research so far has been devoted to understanding the diffusion of grassroots innovation for sustainability across space. This paper explores and compares the spatial diffusion of two networks of grassroots innovations, the Transition Towns Network (TTN) and Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale (Solidarity Purchasing Groups – GAS), in Great Britain and Italy. Spatio-temporal diffusion data were mined from available datasets, and patterns of diffusion were uncovered through an exploratory data analysis. The analysis shows that GAS and TTN diffusion in Italy and Great Britain is spatially structured, and that the spatial structure has changed over time. TTN has diffused differently in Great Britain and Italy, while GAS and TTN have diffused similarly in central Italy. The uneven diffusion of these grassroots networks on the one hand challenges current narratives on the momentum of grassroots innovations, but on the other highlights important issues in the geography of grassroots innovations for sustainability, such as cross-movement transfers and collaborations, institutional thickness, and interplay of different proximities in grassroots innovation diffusion.

Review of Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R by R. S. Bivand, E. J. Pebesma, and V. Gomez-Rubio

Most authors struggle to pick a title that adequately conveys all of the material covered in a book. When I first saw Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R, I expected a review of spatial statistical models and their applications in packages (libraries) from the CRAN site of R. The authors’ title is not misleading, but I was very pleasantly surprised by how deep the word “applied” is here. The first half of the book essentially covers how R handles spatial data. To some statisticians this may be boring. Do you want, or need, to know the difference between S3 and S4 classes, how spatial objects in R are organized, and how various methods work on the spatial objects? A few years ago I would have said “no,” especially to the “want” part. Just let me slap my EXCEL spreadsheet into R and run some spatial functions on it. Unfortunately, the world is not so simple, and ultimately we want to minimize effort to get all of our spatial analyses accomplished. The first half of this book certainly convinced me that some extra effort in organizing my data into certain spatial class structures makes the analysis easier and less subject to mistakes. I also admit that I found it very interesting and I learned a lot.

Decision theory to support evacuation in advance of catastrophic disaster including modular influence diagrams and spatial data analysis.

DUE TO INCOMPLETE PAPERWORK, ONLY AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION AT ASTON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES WITH PRIOR ARRANGEMENT

Estimation of a preference map of new consumers for spatial load forecasting simulation methods using a spatial analysis of points

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A practical taxonomy of methods and literature for managing uncertain spatial data in geographic information systems

Perfect information is seldom available to man or machines due to uncertainties inherent in real world problems. Uncertainties in geographic information systems (GIS) stem from either vague/ambiguous or imprecise/inaccurate/incomplete information and it is necessary for GIS to develop tools and techniques to manage these uncertainties. There is a widespread agreement in the GIS community that although GIS has the potential to support a wide range of spatial data analysis problems, this potential is often hindered by the lack of consistency and uniformity. Uncertainties come in many shapes and forms, and processing uncertain spatial data requires a practical taxonomy to aid decision makers in choosing the most suitable data modeling and analysis method. In this paper, we: (1) review important developments in handling uncertainties when working with spatial data and GIS applications; (2) propose a taxonomy of models for dealing with uncertainties in GIS; and (3) identify current challenges and future research directions in spatial data analysis and GIS for managing uncertainties.

Using Spatiotemporal Methods to Fill Gaps In Energy Usage Interval Data

Researchers analyzing spatiotemporal or panel data, which varies both in location and over time, often find that their data has holes or gaps. This thesis explores alternative methods for filling those gaps and also suggests a set of techniques for evaluating those gap-filling methods to determine which works best.

Education and Development : A spatial-econometric approach on spatial change and permanence in southern Brazil

The Brazilian state of Paraná exhibits a violent geography of inequality and duality, hosting both the most developed city in the country, internationally recognized by its urban and environmental innovations, and southern Brazil’s most concentrated cluster of poverty and underdevelopment. Over the course of the past decades, the state underwent a major economic transformation, modernizing and increasing its industrial structure and shifting to the service sector with a larger participation of the knowledge economy. This study is concerned on the interplay between formal education and socioeconomic development during this process, and above all its spatial character. It attempts make sense of the rich literature on education and growth and/or development, discussing it through the lenses of human geography and planning. In order for the analysis to be possible, this study created a consistent database of municipal scores of education over the course of 40 years, dealing with changing census methodologies and municipal boundaries. Making use of modern exploratory spatial data analysis combined with spatial regressions, the study identifies a clustered, time-persistent interplay between education and development that is stronger for low and basic levels of education. Moreover, it provides evidence that not only education is a predictor of future development, but also that analyses of this kind must take into consideration spatial autocorrelation in order to be accurate.

An internet GIS and spatial model to benchmark local government socio-economic performance

This paper develops an Internet geographical information system (GIS) and spatial model application that provides socio-economic information and exploratory spatial data analysis for local government authorities (LGAs) in Queensland, Australia. The application aims to improve the means by which large quantities of data may be analysed, manipulated and displayed in order to highlight trends and patterns as well as provide performance benchmarking that is readily understandable and easily accessible for decision-makers. Measures of attribute similarity and spatial proximity are combined in a clustering model with a spatial autocorrelation index for exploratory spatial data analysis to support the identification of spatial patterns of change. Analysis of socio-economic changes in Queensland is presented. The results demonstrate the usefulness and potential appeal of the Internet GIS applications as a tool to inform the process of regional analysis, planning and policy.

Ensaios sobre o crescimento económico regional e a dinâmica do processo de convergência

The research is centred on economic growth and it adopts a regional view focused on European regions (NUTS 2). Under analysis is the undergoing convergence process in Europe to evaluate if there is an increase in regional economic growth and a simultaneous decrease in regional disparities. The empirical evidence shows signs of transience on the regional convergence process, along with the formation of several clusters of regions. Considering this evidence it is of interest to assess the profiles of such clusters, and evaluate the homogeneousness of its regions and their spread across European space. As suggested in the literature, space is a relevant factor in the spread of clusters, according to the different variables (regions profiles, diversity measures and growth indicators). Regional disparities across Europe are, on average, large and persistent, with a high degree of stability among the relative rankings of European regions. Such results cast shadows about the impact of European structural funding in diminishing regional disparities. Such an approach is of interest due to the growing need to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of public policies implemented. The fact that there is an undergoing process of economic integration in Europe increases the usefulness of such an analysis, especially in a context in which European public funds are negotiated and granted.

Abordagem para identificação, análise e caracterização dos estágios de desenvolvimento dos clusters: um estudo em regiões metropolitanas

O estudo do fenômeno cluster, nos últimos 30 anos, sob inúmeras qualificações, tem atraído atenção crescente tanto do meio acadêmico quanto dos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. No entanto, seu ciclo de desenvolvimento ainda é um aspecto pouco explorado. A necessidade em se investigar e compreender o ciclo de desenvolvimento dos clusters é destacada por vários autores. Do ponto de vista das políticas públicas, a importância em se identificar o ciclo de evolução dos clusters, bem como cada um de seus estágios, reside na assertividade das ações por elas proporcionada. A tese é apresentada na forma de três artigos científicos. O primeiro busca determinar a natureza e as dimensões da noção de cluster pela exploração das bases teórico-conceituais de três áreas de conhecimento em que o conceito é mais comumente empregado: a geografia econômica, a administração estratégica e a administração de operações. Além de outras descobertas, os resultados proporcionam uma classificação dos temas de pesquisa ao redor do conceito, bem como das linhas teórico-conceituais que os sustentam. O segundo lida com a questão de como os clusters são identificados. Partindo de algumas limitações das estatísticas da economia regional, em especial do Quociente Locacional (QL), o autor propõe uma abordagem de aplicação conjunta dessas estatísticas com aquelas apresentadas pela Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE). Os resultados mostram a complementariedade das abordagens, pois parte das limitações da primeira consegue ser resolvida pela segunda, mas, mais importante, conseguem revelar o valor proporcionado pelas estatísticas da AEDE acerca da dinâmica regional. Por fim, o terceiro e último artigo propõe um instrumento de avaliação do ciclo de desenvolvimento dos clusters envolvendo 6 dimensões e 11 elementos de avaliação. A partir dos potenciais clusters identificados no segundo artigo, o instrumento é aplicado sobre três deles. O resultado é a obtenção de uma abordagem simples, conceitualmente coerente, prática e de baixo custo de aplicação.

Amazônia Legal e o estado de Mato Grosso: dois ensaios sobre o processo de convergência espacial para o desmatamento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A distribuição espacial da indústria do vestuário no Brasil

This paper aims to analyse the spatial distribution of the Brazilian clothing industry in 1997 and 2006. In order to achieve this objective, this study used an exploratory spatial data analysis - ESDA. It was made a univariate analysis of the number of the existing clothing industries among Brazilian states. The null hypotheses of the spatial dependence absence was rejected and the construction of cluster maps showed two patterns: a high industrial concentration and a low one. On the other hand, a bivariate analysis was also conducted to permit a study between the number of clothing industries and the wage income of the neighbor regions. The result revealed spatial dependence besides similar cluster maps in both years. Therefore, two spatial patterns emerged: a high and a low industrial concentration. The final conclusion is that agglomeration economies are the main responsible for the results found in both analyses.

Identificação e análise espacial das aglomerações produtivas do setor de confecções na região Sul

O artigo procura identificar e analisar a evolução das aglomerações produtivas do setor confeccionista no Sul do Brasil. Dois fatores alicerçam o procedimento metodológico: proximidade geográfica e concentração setorial, combinados por Análise Espacial de Concentração. O primeiro, proximidade geográfica, por meio da Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais, e o segundo, concentração setorial, por meio da construção do índice de Concentração normalizado. Os resultados evidenciaram a transposição positiva dos aglomerados. Além disso, verificou-se evolução para o Estado do Paraná, tanto em transborda mento como em concentração espacial. Observou-se estabilidade em spillover, mas com forte concentração, no Estado de Santa Catarina.

Fragmentação geopolítica: uma análise estrutural das propostas de separatismo no Brasil

Este trabalho tem por objetivo dar luz ao debate sobre a criação dos novos entes federativos, trazendo elementos objetivos sobre a caracterização socioeconômica dos novos espaços geopolíticos e seus respectivos papéis no novo contexto espacial do sistema inter-regional brasileiro. O artigo traz resultados inéditos para a discussão, buscando, inicialmente, identificar padrões hierárquicos e de dependência espacial e produtiva neste novo contexto federativo. Tais resultados subsidiama analise subsequente dos impactos da nova configuração das transferências constitucionais, que identifica pormeio de simulações comummodelo inter-regional de insumo-produto especialmente calibrado para as 33 regiões consideradas no estudo, não apenas os potenciais ganhadores e perdedores, mas também os mecanismos de interação espacial subjacentes a estes processos.