904 resultados para estabilidade oxidativa
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The biodiesel is defined as the mono-alkyl ester derived from long-chain fatty acids, from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fat, whose use is associated with the replacement of fossil fuels in diesel engine cycle. The biodiesel is susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air and this process of oxidation affects the quality of fuel, mainly due to long periods of storage. Because of this, the oxidation stability has been the focus of numerous researches since it directly affects the producers, distributors and users of fuel. One of the possibilities to increase the resistance of biodiesel is the autoxidation treatment with inhibitors of oxidation. The antioxidants can be used as potential inhibitors of the effects of oxidation on the kinematic viscosity and the index of acidity of biodiesel, thereby increasing oxidative stability. This work aims to examine the efficiency of antioxidants, α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxy-toluene (BHT), added the biodiesel content of remembrance through Pressurized-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (P-DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG) and Petrology. The results showed that the use of antioxidant BHT, at the concentration of 2000ppm, increased resistance to oxidation of the biodiesel and oxidative induction time (OIT), which is a better result as antioxidant than the α-tocopherol. With the thermogravimetric analysis, it was observed that the biodiesel presented an initial decomposition temperature of lower tendency than that of oil, demonstrating to be more volatile, bearing great similarity to the diesel and being characterized as an alternative fuel. The rheological analysis indicated that each sample of biodiesel behaved as a Newtonian fluid
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a medida da estabilidade oxidativa e a alteração total dos óleos de algodão, girassol e palma durante a fritura descontínua de mandioca palito congelada. As frituras foram conduzidas em uma fritadeira elétrica doméstica, onde o óleo foi aquecido, à temperatura de 180°C, por 25 h, com reposição de óleo fresco. Para a análise da estabilidade oxidativa das amostras de óleos, obtidas durante as frituras, foram realizadas a medida do período de indução (horas) e determinação de compostos polares totais (%). Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição do período de indução, independente do tipo de óleo. O óleo de palma refinado apresentou um maior período de indução quando comparado ao óleo de algodão e girassol, o que pode ser atribuído à diferença da composição em ácidos graxos. Todos os óleos em estudo apresentaram valores de compostos polares totais abaixo do limite de descarte para óleos de fritura, exigido pela legislação internacional (24-27%). Verificou-se também que, à medida que se formaram os compostos de degradação, diminuiu a estabilidade oxidativa dos óleos.
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ABSTRACT: A final 241 µM of ascorbyl palmitate and 555 µM of the following antioxidants separately: BHA, myricetin and quercetin standards, and extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia, Inga edulis or Euterpe oleracea, were added to crude açai oil and submitted to the oxidation process at 60 ºC for 11 days. Among the antioxidants used, only the myricetin standard showed the ability to defer the oxidation process until the third day of treatment. B. crassifolia, I. edulis and E. oleracea extracts showed no preventive capacity against the oxidation process, despite their high concentration phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The main objectives of this work were to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine of an ethanolic ginger extract total phenolic compounds concentration, as well as verifying its behavior by means of the oxidative stability, when added to refined soybean oil in concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg/kg. The maximum antioxidant activity and EC50, concentration of the extract to achieve 50% of the antioxidant activity, value determined by free radical DPPH method were 79.1% and 42.6 g/mL, respectively. The total phenolic compounds concentration, determined to Folin-Ciocalteu method, was 251 mg/g. The induction period of the samples increased according to the augment of the extract concentration in the oil when evaluated using oxidative stability through the Rancimat equipament. It was possible to conclude that the ginger extracts possess effective action against the lipid oxidation and can be applied in foods as natural antioxidant.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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A oleuropeína é o composto fenólico mais abundante presente nas folhas da oliveira, sendo que muitos estudos vêm demonstrando que este composto apresenta importantes propriedades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, entre outras, surgindo o interesse em estudos de métodos para sua extração e aplicação em produtos na área alimentícia, cosmética e farmacêutica. O objetivo deste estudo foi a extração da oleuropeína à partir de folhas de oliva, utilizando solvente não tóxico, para posterior aplicação dos extratos em óleos vegetais a fim de se verificar seu efeito sobre a estabilidade oxidativa dos mesmos. O solvente selecionado para o estudo foi uma mistura de etanol e água (70:30, em massa, condição obtida através de um trabalho prévio), na presença de 1 % de ácido acético. Em uma primeira etapa, foram realizados experimentos de extração utilizando-se as técnicas de maceração (tipo I) e ultrassom (tipo II), em diferentes condições de temperatura (20, 30, 40, 50 e 60°C). Em uma segunda etapa, através de experimentos com maceração à temperatura ambiente, estudou-se o efeito da razão folhas:solvente (1:8, 1:6 e 1:3) e a influência da presença de ácido acético sobre o processo de extração (tipo III). Por fim, realizando-se a maceração na presença de ácido acético, temperatura ambiente e proporção folhas: solvente igual a 1:3, realizaram-se extrações sequenciadas a partir de uma mesma matéria-prima (tipo IV). Os resultados desses experimentos foram expressos em rendimento de oleuropeína (RO), teor de oleuropeína nos extratos (TO) e rendimento global (RG). Analisando-se os experimentos I e II, verificou-se que a temperatura não exerceu influência significativa sobre as respostas RO, TO e RG. Além disso, verificou-se que os valores das respostas para os experimentos com a maceração foram um pouco maiores do que os valores obtidos para as extrações com o auxílio do ultrassom. Nos experimentos tipo III, em linhas gerais, observou-se a influência positiva da presença do ácido acético sobre as respostas estudadas. Verificou-se também que, na presença de ácido, o aumento da quantidade de solvente na extração conduz ao aumento de RO e RG, e à diminuição de TO. Através do experimento tipo IV, constatou-se que mesmo após quatro extrações sequenciadas, ainda não foi possível esgotar a oleuropeína da matéria-prima. Após a obtenção de todos os extratos hidroalcoólicos, selecionou-se um contendo aproximadamente 19 % de oleuropeína para o estudo da estabilidade oxidativa em óleos vegetais (oliva e girassol) utilizando o método Rancimat. A presença de extrato aumentou em 3 horas o tempo de indução do azeite de oliva extra-virgem, e em 2 horas o tempo de indução do azeite de oliva comum. Os óleos de girassol bruto e refinado não apresentaram melhora na estabilidade oxidativa quando adicionados dos extratos. Foram realizados também testes de estabilidade oxidativa através da adição direta de folhas de oliva em pó nos azeites de oliva extra-virgem e comum. Para o azeite extra-virgem, a adição das folhas não proporcionou melhora da estabilidade oxidativa, porém para o azeite comum, houve um aumento de mais de 2 horas no tempo de indução.Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho demonstraram que é possível obter extratos contendo teores significativos de oleuropeína utilizando-se um solvente renovável. Além disso, constatou-se que os mesmos podem ser utilizados como um antioxidante natural em azeite de oliva, melhorando sua estabilidade oxidativa.
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As lapas do género Patella são moluscos gastrópodes em crescente utilização na alimentação humana, sendo um petisco muito apreciado em várias regiões costeiras de Portugal. De acordo com a fileira do pescado, o consumo de produtos da pesca ricos em ácidos gordos polinsaturados têm vindo a substituir os produtos de origem animal terrestre através dos produtos filetados, reestruturados e pré-cozinhados. A oxidação dos alimentos é a causa mais importante na deterioração da qualidade nutricional e sensorial dos produtos da pesca. Assim nos últimos anos, tem-se verificado um interesse crescente na utilização de antioxidantes naturais de origem vegetal (frutas e vegetais) em detrimento de antioxidantes sintéticos, aquando da elaboração de produtos reestruturados de origem animal (hambúrgueres, salsichas e patés). Para além deste efeito antioxidante, existe uma relação benéfica entre o consumo de frutas e vegetais, ricos em compostos fenólicos e a prevenção de certas doenças. Este trabalho pretende produzir e caracterizar ao nível físico-químico, sensorial e microbiológico um paté elaborado a partir de lapas, com adição do fruto silvestre medronho, bem como a valorização destas matérias-primas ao proporcionar uma mais-valia nutricional/funcional e económica com o desenvolvimento de um produto inovador (paté). Por outro lado, avaliou-se a estabilidade oxidativa do paté em armazenamento refrigerado durante 90 dias bem como a aceitabilidade do mesmo. Sendo assim, produziram-se três tipos de patés inovadores: i) paté de lapa com BHT (PCON), ii) paté de lapa com 3% de medronho (PAU3) e iii) paté de lapa com 6% de medronho (PAU6). Os resultados da avaliação da estabilidade oxidativa (PAU6>PAU3>PCON) confirmam a elevada capacidade do extrato de medronho rico em compostos fenólicos como inibidor eficaz na oxidação lipídica do paté de lapa e com boa aceitação sensorial.
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The consumer interest in healthy foods with high amounts of antioxidants is one of the important factors for reducing the risk of disease and it has encouraged researchers and industry to develop innovative and functional products and ingredients. To that end, the objective of this research was to study the bioactive compounds present in the acai pulp, blueberry and goji berry samples, as well as the phenolic compounds form of extraction using the response surface methodology (RSM), antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of it, identification and quantification of compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and, at the end, the development of petit suisse cheeses added with freeze-dried extracts of the samples. A 2³ factorial design was used to analyze the solvent effect (ethanol and water), time (30 and 60 min) and temperature (30 °C and 60 °C) on the extraction and determination of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). The variables time and temperature had a positive effect on the antioxidant activity (AA) in their highest levels with 60 min and 60 °C respectively. The ethanol solvent 80 % is more efficient in TPC extraction with AA in all arrays. The identification of phenolic compounds performed by HPLC revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Regarding the AA the acai pulp showed higher activity in vitro when extracted by 60 °C for 60 min, but none of the three extracts analyzed under these conditions showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella bongori in the concentrations tested (95.00 to 2.34 mg/mL. For petit suisse cheeses added with phenolic extract of the samples, the sample containing goji berry achieved greater sensory acceptance among judges (75.67%), second only to the commercial sample used for comparison with 91.56 % of acceptance. In relation to the storage time, the oxidation was evaluated by the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and color analysis. Both analysis were satisfactory, making the extracts addition an alternative to preserve the product properties and give it a high content of bioactive and nutritive compounds.
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The search for new sources of environmentally friendly energy is growing every day. Among these alternative energies, biodiesel is a biofuel that has had prominence in world production. In Brazil, law 11.097, determine that all diesel sold in the country must be made by mixing diesel/biodiesel. The latter called BX, , where X represents the percent volume of biodiesel in the diesel oil, as specified by the ANP. In order to guarantee the quality of biodiesel and its mixtures, the main properties which should be controlled are the thermal and oxidative stability. These properties depend mainly of the chemical composition on the raw materials used to prepare the biodiesel. This dissertation aims to study the overall thermal and oxidative stability of biodiesel derived from cotton seed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and beef tallow, as well as analyze the properties of the blends made from mineral oil and biodiesel in proportion B10. The main physical-chemical properties of oils and animal fat, their respective B100 and blends were determined. The samples were characterized by infrared and gas chromatography (GC). The study of thermal and oxidative stability were performed by thermogravimetry (TG), pressure differential scanning calorimeter (PDSC) and Rancimat. The obtained biodiesel samples are within the specifications established by ANP Resolution number 7/2008. In addition, all the blends and mineral diesel analyzed presented in conformed withthe ANP Regularion specifications number 15/2006. The obtained results from TG curves data indicated that the cotton biodiesel is the more stable combustible. In the kinetic study, we obtained the following order of apparent activation energy for the samples: biodiesel from palm oil > sunflower biodiesel > tallow biodiesel > cotton biodiesel. In terms of the oxidative stability, the two methods studied showed that biodiesel from palm oil is more stable then the tallow. Within the B100 samples studied only the latter were tound to be within the standard required by ANP resolution N° 7. Testing was carried out according to the EN14112. This higher stability its chemical composition
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This work aims to study the effects of adding antioxidants, such as, α- tocopherol and BHT on the thermal and oxidative stability of biodiesel from cottonseed (B100). The Biodiesel was obtained through the methylical and ethylical routes. The main physical and chemical properties of cotton seed oil and the B100 were determined and characterized by FTIR and GC. The study of the efficiency of antioxidants, mentioned above, in concentrations of 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000ppm, to thermal and oxidative stability, was achieved by Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Differential Scanning Calorimetry - Hi-Pressure (P-DSC) and Rancimat. The Biodiesel obtained are within the specifications laid down by Resolution of ANP No7/2008. The results of TG curves show that the addition of both antioxidants, even in the lowest concentration, increases the thermal stability of Biodieseis. Through the DTA and DSC it was possible to study the physical and chemical transitions occurred in the process of volatilization and decomposition of the material under study. The initial time (OT) and temperature (Tp) of oxidation were determined through the P-DSC curve and they showed that the α-tocopherol has a pro-oxidant behavior for some high concentrations. The BHT showed better results than the α-tocopherol, with regard to the resistance to oxidation
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The objective of this study was to analyze the oxidative stability of biodiesel from jatropha obtained from different purification processes, three wet processes with different drying (in a vacuum oven, conventional oven and in anhydrous sodium sulfate) and dry (purification with magnesium silicate adsorbent). Raw materials of different qualities (jatropha crop ancient and recent crop) were used. The Jatropha oil was extracted by mechanical extraction and refined. The Jatropha biodiesel was obtained by the transesterification reaction in ethyl route using alkaline catalysis. The biodiesel samples were characterized by analysis of water content, carbon residue, Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region and Thermogravimetry. Thermogravimetric curves of purified PUsv* PUsq* and had higher initial decomposition temperatures, indicating that the most stable, followed by samples PU* and PUSC*. Besides the sample SP* is a smaller initial temperature, confirming the sample without purification to be less thermally stable. The percentage mass loss of the purified samples showed conversion of about 98.5%. The results of analyzes carbon residue and infrared suggested that contamination by impurities is the main factor for decreased oxidative stability of biodiesel. The oxidative stability was assessed from periodic monitoring, using the techniques of Rancimat, peroxide index, acid value and Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Samples of biodiesel from jatropha which showed better oxidative stability were of the best quality raw material and wet scrubbing: PUsq* with dry chemical, using anhydrous sodium sulfate and PUsv* with vacuum drying, which had oxidative stability 6 hours in Rancimat time 0 days, within the limits established by the Technical Regulation No. 4/2012 of the ANP, without the addition of antioxidant, suggesting that these procedures the least influence on the oxidative stability of biodiesel
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)