12 resultados para ergonomy
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A számítógépes munkavégzés elterjedése számos szempontból és módszerrel vizsgálható. A szerző kutatásai során az ember-gép-környezet összhang megteremtésének igényéből kiindulva arra keresi a választ, hogy milyen tényezők befolyásolják a számítógéppel végzett tevékenységek megszervezésének és végrehajtásának hatékonyságát. Tanulmányában a kutatás indítófázisának főbb eredményeiről, a számítógép-használati szokásokról ad áttekintést, ami elengedhetetlen az irodai-adminisztratív jellegű tevékenységekhez kötődő kritikus tényezők feltárásához, továbbá a mérési és fejlesztési feladatok megalapozásához. A szűkebb értelemben vett ergonómiai szempontok mellett a digitális kompetenciák kérdéskörét vonta be a munkába, amit releváns kérdésnek tart a hatékonyság mérése szempontjából, mivel a számítógép megválasztása és a munkahely kialakítása nem értékelhető az emberi tényező alkalmassága és az elvégzendő feladat tartalma nélkül. __________ Office and administrative work, business corres-pondence, private contacts and learning are increasingly supported by computers. Moreover the technical possibilities of correspondence are wider than using a PC. It is accessible on the go by a cell phone. The author analysed the characteristics of the used devices, the working environment, satisfaction factors in connection with computer work and the digital competence by a survey. In his opinion development in an ergonomic approach is important not only to establish the technological novelties but to utilize the present possibilities of hardware and environment. The reason for this is that many people can not (or do not want) to follow the dynamic technological development of computers with buying the newest devices. The study compares the results of home and work characteristic of computer work. This research was carried out as part of the “TAMOP-4.2.1.B-10/2/ KONV-2010-0001” project with support by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund.
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As Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas Ligadas ao Trabalho (LMELT) resultam da acção de factores de risco profissionais como a repetição de tarefas, a sobrecarga e/ou a postura adoptada durante o trabalho e de factores de risco individuais e organizacionais/psicossociais. O presente artigo tem por objectivo conhecer a existência de LMELT (Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas Ligadas ao Trabalho), através da avaliação de sintomas, movimentos e posições auto-referidos pelos operários das Fábricas de Queijo da Ilha de São Jorge, através da aplicação de questionários (Questionário Nórdico Músculo-esquelético (QNM) e Rapid Umber Limb Assessment (RULA)).A amostra foi constituída por 61 operários das três Fábricas, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 65 anos. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se afirmar que estes operários apresentam LMELT, manifestando-se por dores nas diferentes zonas corporais, devido à realização de tarefas repetitivas, levantamento e transporte de cargas, a exposição a temperaturas extremas. Esta conclusão é ainda reforçada pelo facto de os locais de trabalho não estarem adaptados ergonomicamente às características dos operários, pelo que se afigura necessário nas três Fábricas investigar e alterar urgentemente as condições do posto de trabalho.
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O presente artigo tem por objectivo conhecer a existência de LMELT (Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas Ligadas ao Trabalho), através da avaliação de sintomas, movimentos e posições auto-referidos pelos operários das Fábricas de Queijo da Ilha de São Jorge, através da aplicação de dois Questionários. A amostra foi constituída por 61 operários das três Fábricas. Através dos resultados obtidos pode-se afirmar que estes operários apresentam LMELT, manifestando-se por dores nas diferentes zonas corporais, devido a realização de tarefas repetidas, levantamento e transporte de cargas, a temperaturas extremas e ainda pelo facto dos locais de trabalho não estarem adaptados ergonomicamente.
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Ce travail a pour objectif d'étudier l'évolution du métier de médecin de premier recours à la lumière du réel de son activité. Afin de pallier les lacunes de la littérature, nous proposons d'investiguer les perceptions et les pratiques rapportées de médecins de premier recours, considérant leur activité comme située dans un contexte spécifique. Un cadre théorique multiréférencé, intégrant les apports de Bischoff (2012), de la théorie de l'activité (Engeström et al., 1999), de l'ergonomie (Daniellou, 1996 ; Falzon, 2004a; Leplat, 1997) et de certains courants de la psychologie du travail (Curie et al., 1990 ; Curie, 2000b ; Malrieu, 1989) permet de tenir compte de la complexité du travail des médecins de premier recours. Une méthodologie mixte, alliant une approche qualitative par entretiens semi-structurés (n=20) à une approche quantitative par questionnaire (n=553), a été développée. Les résultats de l'analyse thématique des entretiens mettent en évidence trois thèmes majeurs : l'Evolution du métier (Thème 1), caractérisé par les changements perçus, les demandes des populations qui consultent et les paradoxes et vécus des médecins ; les Ajustements et supports (Thème 2) mis en place par les médecins pour faire face aux changements et aux difficultés de leur métier ; les Perceptions et les attentes par rapport au métier (Thème 3), mettant en avant des écarts perçus entre la formation et la réalité du métier. La partie quantitative permet de répondre aux questionnements générés à partir des résultats qualitatifs et de généraliser certains d'entre eux. Suite à l'intégration des deux volets de l'étude, nous présentons une nouvelle modélisation du métier de médecin de premier recours, soulignant son aspect dynamique et évolutif. Cette modélisation rend possible l'analyse de l'activité réelle des médecins, en tenant compte des contraintes organisationnelles, des paradoxes inhérents au métier et du vécu des médecins de premier recours. L'analyse des limites de cette étude ouvre à de nouvelles perspectives de recherche. A l'issue de ce travail, nous proposons quelques usages pragmatiques, qui pourront être utiles aux médecins de premier recours et aux médecins en formation, non seulement dans la réalisation de leur activité, mais également pour le maintien de leur équilibre et leur épanouissement au sein du métier. - This study aims to investigate the evolution of primary care physicians' work, in the light of the reality of their activity. In order to overcome the limitations of the literature, we propose to focus on primary care physicians' reported perceptions and practices, considering their activity as situated in a specific context. The theoretical framework refers to Bischoff (2012), Activity theory (Engeström et al., 1999), ergonomy (Daniellou, 1996; Falzon, 2004a; Leplat, 1997) and work psychology (Curie et al., 1990 ; Curie, 2000b ; Malrieu, 1989) and enables to take into account the complexity of primary care physicians' work. This mixed methods study proposes semi-structured interviews (n=20) and a questionnaire (n=553). Thematic analysis of interviews points out three major themes : Evolution of work (Theme 1) is characterised by perceived changes, patients' expectations and paradoxes ; Adjustments and supports (Theme 2), that help to face changes and difficulties of work ; Perceptions related to work, including differences between work reality as represented during medical education/training and actual work reality. Quantitative part of the study enables to answer questions generated from qualitative results and to generalise some of them. Integration of qualitative and quantitative results leads to a new modelling of primary care physicians ' work, that is dynamic and evolutionary. This modelling is useful to analyse the primary care physicians' activity, including organisational constraints, paradoxes of work and how primary care physicians are experiencing them. Despite its limitations, this study offers new research perspectives. To conclude, we state pragmatic recommendations that could be helpful to primary care physicians in private practice and junior doctors, in order to realise their activity, to maintain their balance and to sustain their professional fulfilment.
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La présente étude s’inscrit à l’intérieur du programme de recherche mené par le Groupe DÉFI Apprentissage (GDA) de l’Université de Montréal. Notre projet avait pour buts de réaliser les deux premières phases précédant la conception d’une ressource pédagogique qui offrira à l’enfant (6 à 12 ans qui a des incapacités intellectuelles) et à son entourage un dispositif temporel évolutif pour l’initier à la lecture de l’heure et à la gestion des activités de son horaire quotidien à l’âge approprié. Depuis quelques années, maints organismes tels que l’American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) , la Classification internationale des déficiences, incapacités et handicaps (CIDIH) de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), le Ministère de l’éducation, des loisirs et des sports du Québec (MELS) ainsi que le Réseau international sur le processus de production du handicap (RIPPH) soutiennent que les chercheurs doivent s’attarder aux composantes impliquées dans l’interaction Personne-Milieu pour concevoir des stratégies d’intervention auprès de diverses populations qui éprouvent des limitations. Notre recherche adoptera cette démarche en s’appuyant sur les assises suivantes : cadre méthodologique (analyse de la valeur pédagogique), cadre conceptuel (écologie de l’éducation et processus de production du handicap) et cadre technologique (ergonomie).
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as condições ergonômicas da situação de trabalho dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem em uma unidade de clínica geral de um hospital privado na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, bem como sugerir melhorias a partir da situação caracterizada. Com a aplicação do método da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), pôde-se verificar a realidade desses profissionais, caracterizando suas tarefas, registrando a existência de distanciamento entre tarefa prescrita e real. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram problemas no âmbito organizacional como a montagem inadequada da escala de divisão de pacientes, o quadro de pessoal abaixo da exigência mínima estabelecida pelo Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN), a falta e a má conservação de materiais e equipamentos e, em relação ao posto de trabalho, o dimensionamento inadequado dos espaços para trânsito de pessoas e equipamentos. Concluiu-se que os problemas de maior relevância são de origem organizacional e que os mesmos favorecem e, até mesmo, intensificam os relativos ao posto de trabalho, contribuindo para o elevado índice de atestados e insatisfação entre os Auxiliares de Enfermagem. O estudo é finalizado com sugestões de melhorias, entre elas, o redimensionamento do número de leitos nas enfermarias e quadro de pessoal, promoção de rodízio dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem entre postos de diferentes níveis de exigência, escalonamento apropriado na distribuição de pacientes de acordo com a gravidade do quadro clínico, formação de comitês com reuniões periódicas para discussão de problemas existentes e outras possíveis soluções.
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This thesis treats of a avaliation of a laboral gimnastics program of a electrical energy enterprise from Rio Grande do Norte. The leading aim of this work is to analyse the laboral gimnastics program with emphasis on functional performing and personal changes of staff of different categories. The work shows two divisions: at first, it was carried out the bibliographic study approaching the concepts and historic about the ergonomy and the main focus of study, the laboral gimnastics , performing factors and lifestyle.The second time , it was carried out the field study where was used a questionnaire to a 160 staff population which participate of laboral gymnastics program; then the data were analysed through three statistics analyses: multivaried__ clusters, qui-quadrado and multiple linear regression. The results aim to the confirmation that the laboral gymnastics program developed two years ago on enterprise proposes to the white-collar and operational workers an improving on their functional performing and also, to the changes in some aspects of lifestyle, like the food, leisure and stress level. In conclusion, it was checked that the investiment in life quality programs offer benefits both to the staff and the enterprise which will account with good services and satisfaction of customer. Therefore, it was concluded that the laboral gymnastics while a ergonomic tool and a physical activity, it is an investiment which needs more and more to be strengthened and inserted by many segments of society
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Studies indicate that teachers constitute a professional segment, in which the work characteristics and the demands originating from the act of teaching, favor the emergence of sickness, concerning physical or emotional aspects. The present work aimed to describe physical and postural aspects during the working activity of teachers. A total of 120 elementary school teachers (1st to 8th grade) took part in the survey. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied: it included personal and occupational information, perception of discomfort and being off work; physical strength activities; posture at work and physical conditioning activities. The average age of teachers of the present sample corresponds to 35,8 years. In relation to activities which generate more physical strength, the answer none of the activities was predominant with 30 answers; followed by writing on the board, standing up during the period of classes, explanation of the subjects, class elaboration, correction of homework and others. The area of the body with higher amount of occurrences and prevalent discomfort referred to the lower limbs and spinal cord. These data inform the necessity of investing in prevention programs for the teachers, in order to develop strategies into the organizational context and interventions at the work environment.
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Brazilian and foreign companies operating in Brazil in the last 30 years have been using automated productive resources, especially robots. These 3 decades doesńt seem to have been enough to develop in the actors involved with robots an adequate professional awareness. If we consider the predictive security and ergonomic aspects involved, we notice that there are critical failures on handling these situations. So in this study we tried to observe the presence of the human being in some workstations that operate with robots in the Brazilian Southeastern region. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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A Medicina Dentária é considerada uma das profissões mais insalubres, com base nesta afirmação é de suma importância observar princípios que deem condições de conforto, segurança e eficiência para o profissional. Faz parte de potenciais riscos ocupacionais de um consultório médico dentário uma grande variedade de agentes químicos, físicos, biológicos, ergonômicos, sociais e ambientais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os riscos ocupacionais e os problemas relacionados com a saúde do trabalhador no que diz respeito ao seu ambiente de trabalho. Com base na revisão da literatura, observou-se que é importante a atualização profissional, a rigorosa observância de regras de ergonomia e biossegurança, o trabalho com pessoal auxiliar e a Medicina Dentária como profissão multidisciplinar.