Immunoprophylactic strategies against enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in goats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação sorológica de cordeiros submetidos a diferentes protocolos de imunoprofilaxia da enterotoxemia causada pela ação da toxina épsilon do Clostridium perfrigens tipo D

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação sorológica de vacinas comerciais polivalentes contra a enterotoxemia em caprinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sorological evaluation of commercial vaccines against enterotoxemia in goats.

Enterotoxemia in sheep and in goats is caused by the effects of the epsilon toxin of C/ostridium perfringens type D, being considered the main infectious cause of mortality in those animal species. The main prophylactic measures include adequate nutritional management and vaccination of ali animais using vaccines of high immunogenic power. Six commercial vaccines containing in its formulation the epsilon toxoid of C. perfringens type D were sorogically evaluated. Eighty four female goat kids, whose mothers had no previous vaccination history against clostridioses were used. They were divided into six groups of 14 animais each. The animais of the control group didn't receive any vaccine dose and the animais from the groups 1 to 5 received two vaccine doses, The first vaccine dose was applied at 45 days of life (day zero) and the second dose at 75 days (30 days after the first dose). Blood samples were collected from the goat kids at the days zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 after the beginning of the experiment, in order to evaluate the immunologic response. The Indirect ELlSA technique was used for the quantification of the antibodies against epsilon toxin in the samples of blood serum of the animais. In day zero, no animal presented titre considered protector. The largest number of animais considered protected was found at day 60, in response to the two initial doses of the vaccine (days O and 30, first and second doses, respectively). Only tive animaIs which received the vaccine 1 and one animal which received the vaccine 3 stayed wilh titres of antibodies considered up to 150 days after the first vaccine dose. Based on the results, it was concluded lhat the evaluated vaccines showed small amount of epsilon toxoid in the commercial formulations, a crucial fact for lhe low efficiency of. the vaccines. For commercial reasons, the vaccines against the clostridioses present versatile formulations, with several toxoid types, used for various animal species, which certainly contributed to reduce their effectiveness in preventing the iIInesses caused by the clostridia or their toxins.

Étude prospective des causes de mortalité chez l'espèce caprine avec emphase sur la lymphadénite caséeuse

En Amérique du Nord, et particulièrement au Canada, il y a très peu de données sur l’incidence des causes de mortalité chez l’espèce caprine. Le premier objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les principales causes de mortalité chez les chèvres au Québec. Depuis 2006, avec l’arrêt de la vaccination contre la lymphadénite caséeuse, les éleveurs de caprins laitiers et de boucherie du Québec ont rapporté une recrudescence des abcès chez leur bétail. Le second but de cette étude était de déterminer l’importance de la lymphadénite caséeuse dans le dépérissement et la mortalité des chèvres du Québec. Cent-cinquante-deux chèvres provenant de 13 élevages différents ont été soumises pour nécropsie et la cause de mortalité, de même que la présence d’abcès (s’il y a lieu), leur localisation et leur cause furent compilés. Les mortalités proportionnelles étaient, par ordre décroissant : l’entérotoxémie de type D (n= 26; 17,1%), la pneumonie (n= 21; 13,8%), la paratuberculose (n= 16; 10,5%), listériose encéphalitique (n= 10; 6,6%), la toxémie de gestation (n= 8; 5,3%), l’arthrite-encéphalite caprine (n= 7; 4,6%) et la lymphadénite caséeuse (n= 6; 3,9%). La lymphadénite caséeuse a été diagnostiquée chez 24,3% des chèvres soumises, mais sans être une cause majeure de dépérissement ou de mortalité. Les abcès étaient internes dans 54,1% des cas. Au total, la paratuberculose a été diagnostiquée chez 29 chèvres (16 en étant décédées) et fut considérée comme une cause majeure de dépérissement, d’émaciation et de mortalité. Le développement et l’implantation de mesures préventives contre cette maladie seraient donc à envisager dans le futur.

Cinética dos anticorpos de origem colostral contra a toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D em cordeiros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Naturally acquired antibodies against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in goats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do efeito da toxina épsilon do clostridium perfringens em monocamadas de células MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney cell)

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in Small Ruminants with Brain

Brain disease is an important cause of neurologic deficits in small ruminants, however few MRI features have been described. The aim of this retrospective, case series study was to describe MRI characteristics in a group of small ruminants with confirmed brain disease. A total of nine small ruminants (six sheep and three goats) met inclusion criteria. All had neurologic disorders localized to the brain and histopathologic confirmation. In animals with toxic-metabolic diseases, there were bilaterally symmetric MRI lesions affecting either the gray matter (one animal with polioencephalomalacia) or the white matter (two animals with enterotoxemia). In animals with suppurative inflammation, asymmetric focal brainstem lesions were present (two animals with listeric encephalitis), or lesions typical of an intra-axial (one animal) or dural abscess (one animal), respectively. No MRI lesions were detected in one animal with suspected viral cerebellitis and one animal with parasitic migration tracts. No neoplastic or vascular lesions were identified in this case series. Findings from the current study supported the use of MRI for diagnosing brain diseases in small ruminants.