Impact of using new commercial glutathione enriched inactive dry yeast oenological preparations on the aroma and sensory properties of wines

The effect of the addition of a commercial enriched glutathione inactive dry yeast oenological preparation in the volatile and sensory properties of industrially manufactured rosé Grenache wines was evaluated during their shelf-life. In addition, triangle tests were performed at different times during wine aging (among 1 and 9 months) to determine the sensory differences between wines with and without glutathione inactive dry yeast preparations. Descriptive sensory analysis with a trained panel was carried out when sensory differences in the triangle test were noticed. In addition, consumer tests were performed in order to investigate consumers’ acceptability of wines. Results revealed significant sensory differences between control and glutathione inactive dry yeast wines after 9 months of aging. At that time, glutathione inactive dry yeast wines were more intense in fruity aromas (strawberry, banana) and less intense in yeast notes than control wine. The impact of the glutathione inactive dry yeast in the aroma might be the consequence of different effects that these preparations could induce in wine composition: modification of yeast byproducts during fermentation, release of volatile compounds from inactive dry yeast, interaction of wine volatile compounds with yeast macromolecules from inactive dry yeast and a possible antioxidant effect of the glutathione released by the inactive dry yeast preparation on some specific volatile compounds.

Improvement of the alcohol dehydrogenase from baker's yeast using polymers and salts for alcohol determinations in beverages

An alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was purified from dry baker’s yeast. This is a key enzyme of the primary short-chain alcohol metabolism in many organisms. In the present study, the obtained enzymatic preparation of baker’s yeast, containing 2.7 U/mg of ADH, was used in the reactions. The purified extract of the ADH obtained from Fermix commercial dry yeast, presented the highest activity and purification factor when ammonium sulfate was added in the precipitation of protein, in the range 35-60% (w/v). The enzymatic preparation was maintained for 2 months in the lyophilized form at 4ºC (retention of 96.2% of activity) in the presence of 1 mmol/L of sodium azide, and it maintained 47% of activity for 30 days at 30°C in the presence of 15% PEG. The assays of ethanol (detection range 5 mM -150 mM or 2.3 x 10-4 – 6.91 x 10-3g/L) in different samples in alcoholic beverages, presented a maximum deviation of only 2.1%. Assays of recovery of the substrate (99.25%) added in the wine showed that the methodology is viable for this sample type. The standard curve and the analytic curve of this method meet the conditions of precision, sensitivity, simplicity, and low cost, required for a useable analytical method.

Folsomia candida (Collembola): A "standard" soil arthropod

Folsomia candida Willem 1902, a member of the order Collembola (colloquially called springtails), is a common and widespread arthropod that occurs in soils throughout the world. The species is parthenogenetic and is easy to maintain in the laboratory on a diet of granulated dry yeast. F. candida has been used as a "standard" test organism for more than 40 years for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on nontarget soil arthropods. However. it has also been employed as a model for the investigation of numerous other phenomena such as cold tolerance, quality as a prey item, and effects of microarthropod grazing on pathogenic fungi and mycorrhizae of plant roots. In this comprehensive review. aspects of the life history, ecology, and ecotoxicology of F candida are covered. We focus on the recent literature, especially studies that have examined the effects of soil pollutants on reproduction in F candida using the protocol published by the International Standards Organization in 1999.

Folsomia candida (Collembola): A "standard" soil arthropod

Folsomia candida Willem 1902, a member of the order Collembola (colloquially called springtails), is a common and widespread arthropod that occurs in soils throughout the world. The species is parthenogenetic and is easy to maintain in the laboratory on a diet of granulated dry yeast. F. candida has been used as a "standard" test organism for more than 40 years for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on nontarget soil arthropods. However. it has also been employed as a model for the investigation of numerous other phenomena such as cold tolerance, quality as a prey item, and effects of microarthropod grazing on pathogenic fungi and mycorrhizae of plant roots. In this comprehensive review. aspects of the life history, ecology, and ecotoxicology of F candida are covered. We focus on the recent literature, especially studies that have examined the effects of soil pollutants on reproduction in F candida using the protocol published by the International Standards Organization in 1999.

Influência da retirada de digesta abomasal, para estudos de digestão parcial, sobre a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes com bovinos

The objective of this trial, using 21 abomasal fistulated bovines, eight months of age and 187 kg of liveweight, was to evaluate the digestibility coefficients of diets containing different protein sources (dry yeast, urea, and cottonseed meal) used in ruminant feeding, the analyses of digestibility coefficients took into account the withdrawal or not of abomasal digesta (phases 2 and I, respectively). There was an increase on the digestibility coefficients of crude protein (52.7 to 55.0%), when abomasal digests was withdrawn. Therefore, it is important that the collection of abomasal digesta in ruminal digestion studies be collected in different periods for studies of total digestion. The ingestion of nutrients/MSU and digestible nutrients/MSU was not affected, independent of abomasal digesta withdrawal.

Avaliação de níveis e fontes de proteína na alimentação de leitões na fase inicial de crescimento

Um experimento foi conduzido para comparar diversos níveis e fontes protéicas utilizados em rações sobre o desempenho, a morfometria intestinal e a relação peso de pâncreas/peso de carcaça de leitões de 36 a 70 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 96 leitões desmamados distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de quatro animais. Avaliaram-se seis fontes protéicas (tratamentos): leite em pó desnatado (8,80 e 12,00%); isolado protéico de soja (3,20 e 4,50%); farinha de peixe (5,00%); e levedura seca (10,00%). As dietas, isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas, não afetaram o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar dos animais, contudo, os animais que receberam a dieta contendo leite em pó desnatado apresentaram maior consumo no período de 56 a 63 dias de idade. Não houve efeito significativo das fontes protéicas sobre a altura de vilos, a profundidade de cripta e a relação peso do pâncreas/peso corporal. As fontes protéicas estudadas e os níveis utilizados nas dietas não influenciaram o desempenho, a morfologia intestinal e a relação peso de pâncreas/peso de carcaça em leitões de 36 a 70 dias de idade

Produção de amônia na fermentação in vitro de rações com levedura, uréia ou farelo de algodão

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a liberação de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) in vitro proveniente de rações contendo levedura, uréia e farelo de algodão, usadas na alimentação de ruminantes. Os dados relativos ao N-NH3 encontrado nas amostras obtidas durante a primeira hora de fermentação apresentaram diferenças entre as rações preparadas com farelo de algodão e levedura, quando comparadas à ração com uréia, com valores de 7,52; 8,66; e 29,84 mg de N-NH3/100 mL de fluido ruminal, respectivamente. A mesma tendência foi observada até as 12 horas de fermentação, com valores de 1,05; 1,57; e 8,57 mg N-NH3/100 mL de fluido, para as rações com farelo de algodão, levedura e uréia, respectivamente. A análise dos dados relativos às amostras com 12 horas de fermentação mostrou tendência de diminuição da concentração de N-NH3, atingindo os menores valores neste tempo de incubação.

Cheap assays of malate, glycerol and ethanol in fermenting must and food samples

A preparation, enriched with malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glycerol -3- P dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glycerol kinase (GK), was obtained from dry baker's yeast. This preparation was used to assay glycerol, ethanol and malate measuring the variations in absorbance (NADH formation) at 340 nm. Good degrees of recoveries were obtained when glycerol was added to red wine and fermenting sugar-cane juice and when L-malate was added to commercial apple juice samples. Good results were also obtained when ethanol was assayed in fermented sugar-cane juice and wine samples, using both the partially purified preparation obtained from dry yeast and a purified commercial alcohol dehydrogenase.

Digestão total e parcial de nutrientes em bovinos alimentados com rações contendo levedura, uréia ou farelo de algodão

RESUMO - Foram utilizados 10 bovinos providos de cânula abomasal para avaliação do coeficiente de digestibilidade de rações preparadas com diferentes fontes de proteína (levedura, uréia e farelo de algodão). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade foram obtidos pela técnica de coleta total de fezes e também com o uso de óxido crômico como marcador interno. Na ração com uréia, obteve-se aumento nos coeficientes de digestibilidade para a maioria dos nutrientes, quando foi empregada a técnica do óxido crômico. A fração extrato etéreo não apresentou diferenças entre as técnicas usadas. A análise dos coeficientes de digestibilidade entre as diferentes rações evidenciou semelhanças, independentemente da técnica adotada. A ração composta por uréia proporcionou maior digestibilidade da proteína bruta, independentemente da técnica de avaliação, enquanto a ração composta por farelo de algodão foi superior na digestibilidade da energia bruta pela técnica do indicador. Não houve diferenças entre as rações para a digestão individual de nutrientes no rúmen e intestino, observando-se o mesmo para o balanço de N.

CURRENT ASPECTS OF FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

Brazil has become a great producer of bioethanol using sugarcane as the basic raw material. Fed-batch process and continuous process are used. Biogas generation from vinasse, production of dry yeast, and autolyzed bagasse for animal feed are making the ethanol production less polluting and more profitable. Bagasse surplus has also been converted into electrical energy. Another alternative use for bioethanol is its conversion to petrochemical derivatives. Up to the present, however, this conversion has been carried out on only a small scale by the industry.

Matéria seca, cálcio e fósforo em rações para ovinos, contendo farelo de algodão, levedura e uréia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da silagem de milho das variedades granífera e forrageira no desempenho de bovinos das raças nelore e cachim em regime de confinamento

The experiment was carried out to evaluate corn grain and corn forage varieties productivity and nutritive value for silage comparing to the performance of Nellore and Canchim cattle in a feedlot. A completely randomized design was used with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement based on two breeds (Nellore and Canchim) and two corn varieties (grain and forage). Harvest was made after 120 days sowing, when plants showed more than 2/3 of dry. leaves and grains were in dough stage. The silage was stored in a 400 tons. The experimental diet consisted of grain and forage corn silage, 7,2 liters of liquid yeast (1,5 kg of dry yeast/ head/day) and 1,1 kg of ground corn (1,0 kg of dry matter/head/day). The experiment duration was 110 days, with a 20 days adaptation period and 90 days for data collection. Animals were regularly weighted every 28 days. It was concluded that corn grain was more appropriate for silage than corn forage, and in the same stage it showed a higher dry matter content and a 41.3% higher grain yield, promoting higher weight gain and better feed/gain ratio in the feedlot beef cattle.

Melhoramento das condições de hidratação da levedura seca instantânea de panificação por tratamentos com soluções de aditivos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Degradação de patulina por composto bioativo obtido por levedura

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Potencial de uso agrícola de levedura seca inativa de cana-de-açúcar e de resíduos orgânicos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV