Um caso de delirio de infestacao parasitaria tratado com clomipramina

The article describes a clinical case of primary delusional parasitosis responsive to clomipramine, that had not previously respond to neuroleptic treatment. Clinical similarities of this disorder with obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed. In conclusion, the article suggests that serotonergic antidepressants may be usefull in the treatment of patients with somatic delusional disorder.

Acciones contra la desnutrición y las parasitosis en niños y adolescentes de las Comunas de Villa El Prado y Los Cedros

Aunque durante muchos años la anemia se ha reconocido como un serio problema de salud pública, se ha reportado poco progreso y la prevalencia mundial de este problema sigue siendo inadmisiblemente elevada. La anemia tiene consecuencias de gran alcance para la salud humana y para el desarrollo social y económico. Las causas pueden ser variadas, pero las más comunes se deben a deficiencias nutricionales y a enfermedades infecciosas. Por ello, a partir a partir del año 2007 se inició una investigación orientada al análisis de la situación epidemiológica y a la caracterización de factores contribuyentes de la anemia en uno de los segmentos más vulnerables para adquirirla como son los niños y adolescentes de las Comunas de Villa El Prado y Los Cedros de la Provincia de Córdoba. Los instrumentos utilizados para recolectar los datos objeto de esta investigación permitieron obtener la siguiente información preliminar, especialmente de la Comuna de Los Cedros: a) Las viviendas corresponden fundamentalmente a casas con techos de ladrillo y piso de cemento. El baño se encuentra dentro de la mayoría de las viviendas, sin sistema de arrastre de agua y sin conexión a desagüe de red pública (cloacas). La principal forma de abastecimiento de agua es a través de bidones con agua potabilizada por la comuna, b) Aún cuando no alcanzan niveles de deficiencia, hay casos con valores de déficit subclínico de hierro, c) Preocupa la sostenida y elevada prevalencia de parasitosis (mono o poliparasitado) que constituye un serio factor de riesgo para la transmisión, especialmente en niños, d) Se detectó una alta prevalencia de manifestaciones alérgicas y que la infección por parásitos exacerba el nivel de inmunoglobulina E sérica total y e) En la parasitosis intestinal se pueden detectar distintos perfiles de respuesta inmune humoral y celular. En base a estos hallazgos, el Programa de Transferencia de Resultados de la Investigación (PROTRI) propuesto permitirá beneficiar a: a) los niños y adolescentes ya que, la detección y caracterización de la anemia y de las infecciones parasitarias permitirá diseñar acciones e intervenciones específicas no solo para prevenir y promocionar hábitos saludables sino también para mejorar el estado de salud de este grupo poblacional, b) a los miembros de las Comunas a través de una activa y sostenida participación de los Jefes Comunales, médicos de los dispensarios y docentes de las escuelas y c) a los padres o tutores de los niños y adolescentes a través de actividades teóricas y prácticas sobre aspectos nutricionales y sobre hábitos de higiene individual y comunitaria. La transferencia de los resultados obtenidos será realizada a través de: a) Constitución de grupos de apoyo, b) Reuniones con Jefes de las Comunas, Médicos de los dispensarios y los docentes de los establecimientos educativos c) talleres, d) dictado de actividades áulicas, e) campaña de divulgación de sobre anemia y parásitos, f) realización de actividades culturales, g) dictado de actividades prácticas a las madres o tutores y al personal encargado de los comedores comunitarios sobre la producción, conservación y consumo de alimentos y h) desarrollo de juegos didácticos. Estos mecanismos y medios de transferencia aspiran a constituir una estrategia integrada para el manejo de problemas nutricionales y factores contribuyentes y poder replicarla en otras Comunas de la Provincia.

Epidemiología de parasitosis intestinal y micosis superficiales en una comunidad de Córdoba

Desde hace varios años, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se ocupa de la lucha contra infecciones intestinales de diferente etiología, entre las que se incluye las producidas por parásitos. Generalmente la mayor incidencia, intensidad y prevalencia de las enteroparasitosis ocurre en los niños, posiblemente debido a la falta de resistencia natural o adquirida y a las diferencias de comportamiento y hábitos. Estos hábitos incluyen a la presencia de mascotas entre la población infantil, lo que hace probable el contagio de hongos causantes de micosis superficiales a pesar de que esos animales de acompañamiento pueden llegar a ser portadores sanos. En nuestro medio, existe poca información acerca de la infección intestinal en la población infantil y no existen datos sobre la caracterización del problema en ciudades medianas y pequeñas, en las que sus pobladores establecen una relación distinta con el medio urbano, a la establecida por los habitantes de los grandes conglomerados. El consenso general entre las autoridades sanitarias sostiene que las únicas medidas preventivas que se pueden adoptar son aquellas orientadas a interrumpir el ciclo epidemiológico de los parásitos y hongos. Como la mayoría de las especies parásitas intestinales utilizan la vía fecal como vehículo de dispersión por la naturaleza, su persistencia en la población humana demuestra una falla en la infraestructura sanitaria o en los hábitos de la población. El objetivo del presente proyecto de investigación es caracterizar las infecciones parasitarias intestinales y las micosis superficiales en niños de una comunidad con deficiencia de servicios básicos de salud y educación. Los resultados logrados permitirán obtener datos epidemiológicos que ayudarán al control de cuadros diarreicos, síndrome de mala absorción, anemia y bajo coeficiente intelectual. Además posibilitarán la promoción de la salud a través de un mejoramiento de hábitos individual y comunitario

Clinical outcome after trimipramine in patients with delusional depression - a pilot study

The treatment of delusional depression is a major challenge in psychopharmacology. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) overdrive may contribute, via increased dopaminergic activity, to the pathophysiology of the disorder. Trimipramine appears to be an interesting potential candidate, since it is an atypical antidepressant that is known to inhibit HPA activity. In a four-week open trial we investigated its effects in 15 inpatients with delusional depression. The dosage was increased within 7 days up to 300 - 400 mg/d and was then maintained for three weeks. Psychometric assessments and safety monitoring were conducted weekly. Assessment of the HPA activity was achieved by a combined dexamethasone suppression/corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation (Dex/CRH) test before and after four weeks of treatment. Therapeutic response was defined as a decrease in the HAMD-score of at least 50 %. Eight out of 13 completers were rated as responders. Therapeutic response was associated with L, D-trimipramine concentrations higher than 160 ng/ml. Intent-to-treat analysis showed significant improvement in psychometric variables. Despite the high dosage, the substance was generally well tolerated, with the exception of one patient who suffered from a hypotensive reaction. Mean +/- SD concentration of L-trimipramine and D-trimipramine were 138 +/- 61 ng/ml and 119 +/- 50 ng/ml at a final dose of 346 +/- 50 mg/d. The ACTH and cortisol area under the curve in the Dex/CRH tests decreased significantly, reflecting a decrease of activity in the HPA system. We suggest that the clinical use of high-dose trimipramine in delusional depression seems to be a promising treatment strategy.

A comparative study of the TF-Test®, Kato-Katz, Hoffman-Pons-Janer, Willis and Baermann-Moraes coprologic methods for the detection of human parasitosis

This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of the TF-Test® (TFT) for human parasitosis with results obtained using the traditional Kato-Katz (KK), Hoffman-Pons-Janer (HPJ), Willis and Baermann-Moraes (BM) techniques. Overall, four stool samples were taken from each individual; three alternate-day TFT stool samples and another sample that was collected in a universal container. Stool samples were taken from 331 inhabitants of the community of Quilombola Santa Cruz. The gold standard (GS) for protozoa detection was defined as the combined results for TFT, HPJ and Willis coproscopic techniques; for helminth detection, GS was defined as the combined results for all five coproscopic techniques (TFT, KK, HPJ, Willis and BM). The positivity rate of each method was compared using the McNemar test. While the TFT exhibited similar positivity rates to the GS for Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (82.4%) and Giardia duodenalis (90%), HPJ and Willis techniques exhibited significantly lower positivity rates for these protozoa. All tests exhibited significantly lower positivity rates compared with GS for the diagnosis of helminths. The KK technique had the highest positivity rate for diagnosing Schistosoma mansoni (74.6%), while the TFT had the highest positivity rates for Ascaris lumbricoides (58.1%) and hookworm (75%); HPJ technique had the highest positivity rate for Strongyloides stercoralis (50%). Although a combination of tests is the most accurate method for the diagnosis of enteral parasites, the TFT reliably estimates the prevalence of protozoa and selected helminths, such as A. lumbricoides and hookworm. Further studies are needed to evaluate the detection accuracy of the TFT in samples with varying numbers of parasites.

Deficits in executive and memory processes in delusional disorder: a case-control study

OBJECTIVE Delusional disorder has been traditionally considered a psychotic syndrome that does not evolve to cognitive deterioration. However, to date, very little empirical research has been done to explore cognitive executive components and memory processes in Delusional Disorder patients. This study will investigate whether patients with delusional disorder are intact in both executive function components (such as flexibility, impulsivity and updating components) and memory processes (such as immediate, short term and long term recall, learning and recognition). METHODS A large sample of patients with delusional disorder (n = 86) and a group of healthy controls (n = 343) were compared with regard to their performance in a broad battery of neuropsychological tests including Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Colour-Word Stroop Test, and Complutense Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC). RESULTS When compared to controls, cases of delusional disorder showed a significantly poorer performance in most cognitive tests. Thus, we demonstrate deficits in flexibility, impulsivity and updating components of executive functions as well as in memory processes. These findings held significant after taking into account sex, age, educational level and premorbid IQ. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the traditional notion of patients with delusional disorder being cognitively intact.

Clinical aspects and dynamics of auricular parasitosis in Gir cattle

We evaluated the dynamics of ear infestations caused by Rhabditis spp. and Raillietia spp., which were correlated with animal age, intensity of clinical signs and climate factors. Sixty-four Gir cattle were distributed into three groups: GA - 23 calves with 4 to 6 months of age; GB - 18 calves with 7 to 12 months of age; and GC - 23 heifers with 13 to 33 months of age. Five samplings, defined as S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 were performed every three months from August 2008 to August 2009. The ear secretion was collected using the auricular washing method for the right ear and a swab for the left ear. A clinical assessment of the animals was performed, and they were classified according to the presence and severity of otitis. The highest relative frequency of rhabditosis was 52.2% in GC at the last sampling. In the first sampling, 42.2% of the animals were infested by Raillietia spp. The older cattle were more susceptible to infestations by both parasites. No correlation of Rhabditis spp. and Raillietia spp. parasitism with climate factors was found. The results showed that both parasites could infest Gir cattle, and in most cases, there was no co-infestation. Only older animals parasitized by the nematode showed clinical signs of the disease.

Parasitosis y desnutrición en niños de 1 a 4 años en la comunidad de Pueblo Nuevo, Apodaca, Nuevo León

Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Nutrición Comunitaria) UANL.

A Shine of Truth in the "universal delusional context of reification" (Theodor W. Adorno)

“A Shine of Truth in the ‘universal delusional context of reification’ (Theodor W. Adorno)” comprend sept chapitres, un prologue et un épilogue. Chaque partie se construit à deux niveaux : (1) à partir des liens qui se tissent entre les phrases contiguës ; et (2) à partir des liens qui se tissent entre les phrases non contiguës. Les incipit des paragraphes forment l’argument principal de la thèse. Le sujet de la thèse, Schein (apparence, illusion, clarté) est abordé de manière non formaliste, c’est à dire, de manière que la forme donne d’elle-même une idée de la chose : illusion comme contradiction imposée. Bien que le sujet de la thèse soit l’illusion, son but est la vérité. Le Chapitre I présente une dialectique de perspectives (celles de Marx, de Lukács, de Hegel, de Horkheimer et d'Adorno) pour arriver à un critère de vérité, compte tenu du contexte d’aveuglement universel de la réification ; c’est la détermination de la dissolution de l’apparence. Le Chapitre II présente le concept d’apparence esthétique—une apparence réversible qui s’oppose à l’apparence sociale générée par l’industrie de la culture. Le Chapitre III cherche à savoir si la vérité en philosophie et la vérité en art sont deux genres distincts de vérités. Le Chapitre IV détermine si l’appel à la vérité comme immédiateté de l’expression, fait par le mouvement expressionniste du 20e siècle, est nouveau, jugé à l’aune d’un important antécédent à l’expressionisme musical : « Der Dichter spricht » de Robert Schumann. Le Chapitre V se penche sur la question à savoir si le montage inorganique est plus avancé que l’expressionisme. Le Chapitre VI reprend là où Peter Bürger clôt son essai Theorie de l’avant-garde : ce chapitre cherche à savoir à quel point l’oeuvre d’art après le Dada et le Surréalisme correspond au modèle hégélien de la « prose ». Le Chapitre VII soutient que Dichterliebe, op. 48, (1840), est une oeuvre d’art vraie. Trois conclusions résultent de cette analyse musicale détaillée : (1) en exploitant, dans certains passages, une ambigüité dans les règles de l’harmonie qui fait en sorte tous les douze tons sont admis dans l’harmonie, l’Opus 48 anticipe sur Schoenberg—tout en restant une musique tonale ; (2) l’Opus 48, no 1 cache une tonalité secrète : à l'oeil, sa tonalité est soit la majeur, soit fa-dièse mineur, mais une nouvelle analyse dans la napolitaine de do-dièse majeur est proposée ici ; (3) une modulation passagère à la napolitaine dans l’Opus 48, no 12 contient l’autre « moitié » de la cadence interrompue à la fin de l’Opus 48, no 1. Considérés à la lumière de la société fausse, l’Allemagne des années 1930, ces trois aspects anti-organiques témoignent d’une conscience avancée. La seule praxis de vie qu’apporte l’art, selon Adorno, est la remémoration. Mais l’effet social ultime de garder la souffrance vécue en souvenir est non négligeable : l’émancipation universelle.

Treating delusional disorder : a comparison of cognitive-behavioural therapy and attention placebo control

Objective: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has proved effective in treating delusions, both in schizophrenia and delusional disorder (DD). Clinical trials of DD have mostly compared CBT with either treatment as usual, no treatment, or a wait-list control. This current study aimed to assess patients with DD who received CBT, compared with an attention placebo control (APC) group. Method: Twenty-four individuals with DD were randomly allocated into either CBT or APC groups for a 24-week treatment period. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of structured clinical interviews for mental disorders and the Maudsley Assessment of Delusion Schedule (MADS). Results: Completers in both groups (n = 11 for CBT; n = 6 for APC) showed clinical improvement on the MADS dimensions of Strength of Conviction, Insight, Preoccupation, Systematization, Affect Relating to Belief, Belief Maintenance Factors, and Idiosyncrasy of Belief. Conclusion: When compared with APC, CBT produced more impact on the MADS dimensions for Affect Relating to Belief, Strength of Conviction, and Positive Actions on Beliefs.

Proyecto para desarrollar un programa de promoción y prevención de enfermedades gástricas producidas por parasitosis intestinal en la población de 0 a 14 años del municipio de San Juan de Rioseco, Cundinamarca

La medicina oficial, cuando ha actuado, ha estado más inclinada al servicio de la atención, la intervención y la curación, con el gran problema de la mala distribución y equidad de los servicios de la salud.

Anticoccidial effects of coumestans from Eclipta alba for sustainable control of Eimeria tenella parasitosis in poultry production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticoccidial efficacy of a product containing coumestans from Eclipta alba. Experimental conditions were set up as to reproduce the environment conditions for husbandry adopted in commercial broiler farms. Broilers were raised in broiler chicken shed provided with feeders, drinkers, illumination and temperature control systems and floor covering to afford an adequate nourishing environment. Male Cobb broilers (240) were assigned to four experimental groups being each experimental group set apart in rice straw-covered shed isolated with wire mesh. One-day-old broilers were reared in a coccidian-free environment with ad libitum supply of filtered water and freely available standard feed, from the 1st to the 35th day of life. The T1 group received standard feed (negative control); T2 was treated with standard feed supplemented with 66 ppm of salinomycin (positive control); groups T3 and T4 had standard feed supplemented with the ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extract of E. alba aerial parts, which contains the coumestans WL and DWL (120 and 180 ppm, respectively). The chicken broilers were individually infected with 2 x 104 oocysts of Eimeria tenella when they were 14 days old and were monitored weekly to evaluate zootechnical parameters such as weight gain and food conversion ratio. Counting of coccidial oocyst in chiken feces was assessed from random samples, from the 21st to 28th days of life, which corresponded to 7-14 days after the infection. Five chickens selected at random from each experimental group were subsequently euthanized at 21, 28 or 35 days of life to determine the lesion score in the cecal region and to excise a cecum portion for histopathological evaluation. The group treated with coumestans from E. alba presented an average weight gain and food conversion ratio higher than the negative control group and similar to the mean value of the positive control group. Coumestan-treated groups showed a significant decrease in the oocyst counting since the 21th day of life and displayed a reduced number of macroscopic lesions. Histopathological evaluations of cecum fragments showed that both treatments induced the migration of defense cells at the site of infection. A severe destruction of the cecal lining was found in the intestinal tract of broilers fed with a coumestans dose of 180 ppm. Overall, our results validate the use of a phytotherapy containing E. alba coumestans at a dose of 120 ppm as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent against avian coccidiosis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrocardiographic evaluation and serum cardiac troponin I levels in anemic dogs with blood parasitosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)