1000 resultados para ddc: 507.8


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Fehlende Grundkenntnisse in der Mathematik zählen zu den größten Hindernissen für einen erfolgreichen Start in ein Hochschulstudium. Studienanfänger in einem MINT-Studium bringen inzwischen deutlich unterschiedliche Vorrausetzungen mit: „Mathe-Angst“ gilt als typisches Phänomen und der Übergang in ein selbstbestimmtes Lernverhalten stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Diese Fall-Studie beschreibt, wie mit Hilfe einer Mathe-App bereits zu Beginn des Studiums aktives Lernen unterstützt und selbstbestimmtes Lernen eingeübt werden kann. Das neue Kurskonzept mit App-Unterstützung stößt an der Hochschule Offenburg auf breite Akzeptanz. Der mobile BYOD-Ansatz ermöglicht Lern-Szenarien, die über PC- bzw.- Laptop-gebundene eLearning-Lösungen nicht realisierbar sind. Der Inhalt des MassMatics-Vorbereitungskurs orientiert sich am Mindestanforderungskatalog des cosh-Arbeitskreises für den Übergang Schule-Hochschule. In der Zwischenzeit wurde der App-gestützte Kurs mit seinen über 500 Aufgaben von mehr als 1000 Studierenden besucht.

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Two kinds of coal-bearing kaolinite from China were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), infrared emission spectroscopy. Thermal decomposition occurs in a series of steps attributed to (a) desorption of water at 68 °C for Datong coal bearing strata kaolinite and 56 °C for Xiaoxian with mass losses of 0.36 % and 0.51 % (b) decarbonization at 456 °C for Datong coal bearing strata kaolinite and 431 °C for Xiaoxian kaolinite, (c) dehydroxylation takes place in two steps at 589 and 633 °C for Datong coal bearing strata kaolinite and at 507 °C and 579 °C for Xiaoxian kaolinite. This mineral were further characterised by infrared emission spectroscopy (IES). Well defined hydroxyl stretching bands at around 3695, 3679, 3652 and 3625 cm-1 are observed. At 650 °C all intensity in these bands is lost in harmony with the thermal analysis results. Characteristic functional groups from coal are observed at 1918, 1724 and 1459 cm-1. The intensity of these bands decrease by thermal treatment and is lost by 700 °C.

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钍是一种重要的核燃料。我国包头稀土精矿含钍0.2%,按每年处理5000吨精矿计算,每年可回收氧化钍10吨。因而研究钍与稀土及其它杂质的分离,不仅能回收钍,同时能降低稀土产品的放射性污染。用伯胺从硫酸焙烧精矿中分离钍的流程已应用于工业生产,但从氧化焙烧流程中回收钍的问题尚未得到解决。本工作主要是研究二种常用的萃取剂伯胺N_(1923)和HEH(EHP)(P_(507))对钍的萃取机理,并针对包头矿氧化焙烧硫酸浸出液中钍与稀土的分离,研究了工艺流程。本工作主要包括五部分。一、伯胺从硫酸溶液中萃取钍的机理研究了伯胺-苯溶液从硫酸介质中萃取钍的萃取机理,用饱和法、斜率法、等克分子系列法确定了萃合物的组成,得到了在一定条件下的萃取反应为:Th~(4+) + 2SO_4~(2-) + 2(RNH_3)_2SO_(4(O)) <-> (RNH_3)_4Th(SO_4)_(4(O))考察了不同溶剂对萃取平衡的影响,在不同溶剂中,伯胺的萃钍能力次序如下:四氯化碳>氯仿>苯>二甲苯>二氯已烷>正已烷。计算了不同条件下的浓度平衡常数K,lg K = 10.28 ± 0.05,结果表明,K不随伯胺浓度改变,K随水相酸度增大而增大,随钍浓度增大而减小。研究了温度对萃取平衡的影响,结果表明,伯胺从硫酸溶液中萃取钍的热效应很小。并计算了一定条件下的热力学函数ΔH = -2900 JM~(-1),ΔS = 190 JM~(-1)。考察了不同条件下的红外和核磁共振谱,并对所提出的机理进行了讨论。二、伯胺从碳酸盐溶液中萃取钍的机理研究了伯胺-正辛烷溶液从碳酸盐介质中萃取钍的平衡规律,用斜率法确定了萃合物组成,得出萃取机理:Th~(4+) + 5CO_3~(2-) + 4(RNH_3NO_3)_((1.5)(O)) <-> (RNH_3)_6Th(CO_3)_(5(O)) + 6NO_3~-考察了不同碳酸盐及水相PH值对萃取平衡的影响,结果表明,在各种碳酸盐溶液中,萃取能力均随碳酸盐浓度及水相PH值增加而下降。计算了浓度平衡常数K,结果表明,K随伯胺浓度增加而增加。研究了不同溶剂及温度对萃取平衡的影响,结果表明,伯胺从碳酸盐溶液中萃取钍是放热反应,并计算了两种碳酸盐浓度下的ΔH、ΔS值。考察了萃合物的红外光谱和核磁共振谱,并对反应机理进行了讨论。三、P_(507)从硫酸溶液中萃取钍的机理研究了P_(507)-正辛烷溶液在不同浓度(1 ~ 15 N)的硫酸介质中萃取钍的平衡规律,同斜率法,饱和法确定了萃合物组成,提出了不同硫酸浓度下P_(507)萃取钍的两种机理。在低酸度下(0.5-6 N):Th~(4+) + 2.5(HL)_(2(O)) <-> ThL_3(HL_2)_((O)) + 4H~+在高酸度下(10-15 N):Th~(4+) + 2HSO_4~- + SO_4~(2-) + 2.5(HL)_(2(O)) <-> H_2Th(SO_4)_35(HL)_((O))并按如下机理萃取硫酸(12N以上):2H~+ + SO_4~(2-) + (HL)_(2(O)) <-> H_2SO_2·2(HL)_((O))通过低酸度下的饱和萃取试验,得出了在饱和情况下,P_(507)萃取钍的机理:Th~(4+) + 2(HL)_(2(O)) <-> ThL_(4(O)) + 4H~+考察了不同溶剂对萃取平衡的影响,结果表明,P_(507)从低浓度硫酸溶液中萃取钍的能力随溶剂的介电常数增加而下降。计算了各种条件下的浓度平衡常数,lgK(2.2N H_2SO_4) = 4.07 ± 0.02, lgK (12.6N H_2SO_4) = 3.53 ± 0.04,结果表明,在高、低两种酸度下,K均不随P_(507)浓度改变,在低酸底下,K随硫酸浓度增加而略有增大,在高酸度下,K随硫酸浓度增加有较显著的增大。从温度对萃取平衡的影响指出,P_(507)从硫酸介质中萃取钍是放热反应。计算了各种酸度下的ΔH、ΔS值。研究了萃合物的红外及核磁共振谱,并对不同条件下的反应机理进行了讨论。四、用伯胺从包头矿氧化焙烧流程中回收钍的工艺包头稀土矿氧化焙烧流程中,得到了含钍、铈(IV),稀土(III)和铁(III)的硫酸浸出液。工艺要求从该浸出液中回收钍,并且同时把其中的铈(IV)单独分离出来。由于料液中有大量的铈(IV),严重地影响了伯胺对钍的萃取能力,如果增大伯胺浓度,会使分相速度减慢。我们用15%N_(1923)-5%异辛醇-煤油作有机相,进行了13级分流萃取,出口小相中Th/RE = 3 * 10~(-5),低于国家规定标准,铈(IV)较完全地被萃入有机相中,出口有机相中铈的纯度为96.7%。然后用3N硝酸加1%过氧化氢溶液将钍与铈同时反萃到水相,反萃液中铈(IV)已被还原为铈(III),再用0.3F P_(507)进行8级逆流萃取,将钍萃入有机相,铈留在水相,从而使钍与铈分离。五、用P_(507)从包头矿氧化焙烧硫酸浸出液中回收钍的工艺当有铈(IV)存在时,P_(507)对钍的萃取能力仍很强。我们用1.54F P_(507)-煤油作萃取剂,进行了5级逆流萃取,出口水相中Th/RE = 1.2 * 10~(-4),低于国家规定标准,铈(IV)全部萃入有机相中,出口有机相中铈的品位为96.2%。出口有机相用2N硫酸加2%过氧化氢进行还原反萃,用13级分流反萃,使铈全部反到水相中,钍则不被反萃,达到了铈、钍分离的目的。以上两种工艺流程均可用于从氧化焙烧硫酸浸出液中分离钍及铈。

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic response of hepatitis C in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). METHODS: A retrospective study of 20 patients coinfected with HIV-1/HCV who were treated in the outpatient liver clinic at the Sacred House of Mercy Foundation Hospital of Pará (Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará - FSCMPA) from April 2004 to June 2009. Patients were treated with 180µg PEG interferon-α2a in combination with ribavirin (1,000 to 1,250mg/day) for 48 weeks. The end point was the sustained virological response (SVR) rate (HCV RNA negative 24 weeks after completing treatment). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 40±9.5 years, of which 89% (n=17) were male, and the HCV genotypes were genotype 1 (55%, n=11/20), genotype 2 (10%, n=2/20) and genotype 3 (35%, n=7/20). The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count was 507.8, and the liver fibrosis stages were (METAVIR) F1 (25%), F2 (55%), F3 (10%) and F4 (10%). The early virological response (EVR) was 60%, the end-of-treatment virological response (EOTVR) was 45% and the SVR was 45%. CONCLUSIONS: The median HCV viral load was high, and in 85% of cases in which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used, none of the patients with F3-F4 fibrosis responded to treatment. Of the twenty patients treated, 45% achieved SVR and 45% achieved EOTVR. Studies that include cases from a wider region are needed to better evaluate these findings.

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Vorträge und Präsentationen von der CampusSource Tagung am 25.04.2013 bei der FernUniversität in Hagen zu den Themen:Liferay, Lecture2Go, Hochschulapps, OERs-MOOCs, Open IDM, e-Identity, CampusSource White Paper Award

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Aufbau einer föderativen Dienstlandschaft in der Ruhr-Region auf Basis von SAML mit dem Ziel eine organisationsübergreifende Nutzung von webbasierten IT-Diensten zu ermöglichen

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Under the brand name “sciebo – the Campuscloud” (derived from “science box”) a consortium of more than 20 research and applied science universities started a large scale cloud service for about 500,000 students and researchers in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany’s most populous state. Starting with the much anticipated data privacy compliant sync & share functionality, sciebo offers the potential to become a more general cloud platform for collaboration and research data management which will be actively pursued in upcoming scientific and infrastructural projects. This project report describes the formation of the venture, its targets and the technical and the legal solution as well as the current status and the next steps.

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溶剂分馏萃取是分离、提纯、富集物质的有效方法之一,由于它具有分离效果好,易于操作等优点。因此,在稀土萃取分离工艺中得到了广泛的应用。但是,每个分馏萃取工艺只能分离两个组份,若要分离所有稀土元素,流程较长。为改进生产,本工作提出了一种三出口萃取分离工艺流程。这种工艺流程可视为由两个萃取段和两个洗涤段组成,由于在两个洗涤段中,两相稀土浓度较高、稀土交换量较大,故可使级数减少。采用此工艺流程进行了P_(507)萃取分离Gd、Tb、Dy三组元素的串级模拟实验,得到了纯度大于99.99%的La-Gd,纯度大于99.8%的Dy-Lu和含量高于65%的Tb_4O_2富集物。Tb的收率大于95%。串级总级数为38级。通过对P_(507)萃取实际体系中稀土元素行为的研究,建立了多元体系中稀土在两相分配的经验模型。Z=C_1H~(C2)×T~(C_3)e~(c_4X(Tb)+C_5X(Dy))和具有一定物理意义的半热力学半经验模型。YT=(Z/H)~3[Σ from i=1 to m of CiXi + Co]根据氨化P_(507)萃取工艺中稀土总浓度在两相的分布规律,提出了一种适合氨化P_(507)萃取分离多元混合稀土工艺的串级计算方法,并用FORTRAN语言编写 了计算程序。使用自编的计算程序进行了氨化P_(507)萃取分离Gd、Tb、Dy三出口工艺的串级模拟计算,计算结果与实验值基本一致。同时,对文献中报导的中间某级开设出口的一分三工艺也进行了串级计算,根据计算结果讨论了两种工艺的优缺点。对恒定混合萃取比的多元稀土萃取分离工艺,进行了在不同串级条件下分界元素在各级的积累及易萃组份和难萃取份的有效分离系数在各级变化规律的计算。结果表明,有效分离系数在级体中出现一极小值β~*,并且β~*值的大小与其出现在级体中的位置随条件不同而改变。对同一萃取体系,当出口产品较纯时,用线性回归分析法关联计算数据得到了β~*与出口产品组成和总萃取比的经验关系式,在萃取段有(A、B与C分离的工艺)β~*/β_B~C=C1+C2EM+C_3ln (A1)/(B1)引入有效分离系数后,进行了环烷酸萃取分离钇与镧系元素的串级模拟计算,计算结果与实验值基本吻合。

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本文研究了镥-Ferron-表面活性剂三元荧光体系的荧光特性,各种表面活性剂中以溴化十六烷基三甲铵的增敏效果最佳,与相应的二元体系相比较,灵敏度提高近10倍。镥的测定下限可达8.8ng/ml。本法与P_(507)萃取色谱分离法相结合可用于天然混合稀土氧化物中痕量镥的测定,结果较满意。