Développement des connaissances et compétences alimentaires, culinaires et nutritionnelles chez les jeunes : le cas des Brigades Culinaires.

Contexte. Depuis quelques décennies, on constate une diminution des occasions d’observer et de transmettre le savoir-faire culinaire aux jeunes encourageant une évolution des compétences culinaires. Cette évolution a un impact sur les choix alimentaires des jeunes et probablement sur la santé de la population. Afin d’initier les adolescents des écoles secondaires du Québec à la cuisine et de les aider à développer leur autonomie alimentaire, un programme parascolaire de 24 ateliers culinaires, les Brigades Culinaires, a été initié par la Tablée des Chefs. Objectifs. L’objectif principal est d’évaluer l’atteinte d’objectifs spécifiques d’éducation nutritionnelle, culinaire et alimentaire visés par les ateliers, et de mesurer le potentiel des ateliers pour éveiller l’intérêt des jeunes pour un choix de carrière relié à la cuisine, à la nutrition ou à l’agriculture. Méthode. Lors du projet 2013-2014, une collecte de données à l’aide de deux questionnaires a été réalisée. Un questionnaire « pré », distribué en début d’année scolaire, a permis de mesurer les connaissances et l’intérêt de futurs participants à l’égard de l’alimentation, de la nutrition et de la cuisine. Un questionnaire « post », distribué aux participants des Brigades Culinaires à la fin des ateliers, a permis de mesurer l’atteinte des objectifs spécifiques en nutrition, cuisine et alimentation. L’intérêt des jeunes pour un choix de carrière relié à la cuisine, à la nutrition ou à l’agriculture a aussi été mesuré à deux reprises. Les données ont été analysées avec SPSS pour générer des statistiques descriptives. Le projet 2013-2014 regroupait 33 écoles à travers le Québec. Ce projet a reçu une approbation éthique par le Comité d’éthique de la recherche en santé de la faculté de médecine de l’Université de Montréal (CERES) et a reçu l’appui financier de Québec en Forme. Résultats. Les résultats des mesures d’évaluation colligées (325 questionnaires pré et 197 questionnaires post) auprès des jeunes participants aux Brigades Culinaires sont très prometteurs. Notamment, pour 68 % des objectifs de développement de connaissances en cuisine, la majorité des participants affichent des apprentissages. Il en est de même pour 82 % des objectifs de développement d’autres apprentissages alimentaires. Les participants ont un grand intérêt pour l’emploi dans des secteurs associés à la cuisine (67 %), la nutrition (39 %) et l’agriculture (25 %) et leur participation aux ateliers des Brigades Culinaires semble d’ailleurs avoir contribué à orienter leurs choix de carrières. D’autre part, les résultats suggèrent que la participation aux ateliers des Brigades Culinaires a un impact sur l’entourage. Conclusion. La participation aux ateliers des Brigades Culinaires contribue à élever le niveau d’implication des participants à l’égard de la nutrition, de la cuisine et de l’alimentation. Les résultats de cette étude permettent de cibler les forces du programme, de même que de proposer des pistes d’actions pour continuer à élever le niveau d’implication des jeunes Québécois à l’égard de leur alimentation.

[Culinary ephemera : gelatin and tapioca].

Corporate contributors include: Genesee Pure Food Company; Jell-O-Co. Inc.

Development and validation of 3-Minute Nutrition Screening (3-MinNS) tool for acute hospital patients in Singapore

It is important to detect and treat malnutrition in hospital patients so as to improve clinical outcome and reduce hospital stay. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nutrition screening tool with a simple and quick scoring system for acute hospital patients in Singapore. In this study, 818 newly admitted patients aged above 18 years old were screened using five parameters that contribute to the risk of malnutrition. A dietitian blinded to the nutrition screening score assessed the same patients using the reference standard, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) within 48 hours. The sensitivity and specificity were established using the Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curve and the best cutoff scores determined. The nutrition parameter with the largest Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) was chosen as the final screening tool, which was named 3-Minute Nutrition Screening (3-MinNS). The combination of the parameters weight loss, intake and muscle wastage (3-MinNS), gave the largest AUC when compared with SGA. Using 3-MinNS, the best cutoff point to identify malnourished patients is three (sensitivity 86%, specificity 83%). The cutoff score to identify subjects at risk of severe malnutrition is five (sensitivity 93%, specificity 86%). 3-Minute Nutrition Screening is a valid, simple and rapid tool to identify patients at risk of malnutrition in Singapore acute hospital patients. It is able to differentiate patients at risk of moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition for prioritization and management purposes.

Maintaining nutrition in aged care residents with a train-the-trainer intervention and nutrition coordinator

Objective: To investigate the impact of a train-the-trainer program on the nutritional status of older people in residential care. ----- Design: Prospective, randomized controlled study. Setting: Eight nursing homes in Southeast Queensland, Australia. ----- Participants: A total of 352 residents participated - 245 were female (69.6%). The mean age was 84.2 years and the majority (79.4%) were classified as high dependency. ----- Intervention: Residents from four nursing homes were randomly selected for a nutrition education program coordinated by Nutrition Coordinators. Residents from the other four nursing homes (control) received usual care. ----- Measurements: The Subjective Global Assessment was used to determine prevalence of malnutrition at baseline and six months post intervention. The Resident Classification Scale measured functional dependency. Prescribed diet, fluids, oral hygiene status and allied health referrals were obtained by chart audit. ----- Results: Approximately half the residents were well nourished with 49.4% moderately or severely malnourished. Residents in the intervention group were more likely to maintain or improve their nutritional status compared with the control group who were more likely to experience a deterioration (P=0.027). The odds of the control group being malnourished post test was 1.6 times more likely compared with the intervention group but this did not reach statistical significance (P=0.1). ----- Conclusion: The results of the study encourage the implementation of a Nutrition Coordinator program to maintain nutritional status of aged care residents. Nevertheless, malnutrition rates continue to be unacceptably high. In a rapidly aging society, the aged care sector needs to confront malnutrition and provide better resources for staff to take measures against this problem.

Ghrelin and obestatin concentrations during puberty: Relationships with adiposity, nutrition and physical activity

Ghrelin and obestatin are two peptides associated with appetite control and the regulation of energy balance in adults. It is intuitive that they have an important role in growth and development during puberty. Therefore, it is acknowledged that these peptides, in addition to others, form part of the substrate underlying energy homeostasis which in turn will contribute to body weight regulation and could explain changes in energy balance during puberty. Both peptides originate from the stomach; hence, it is intuitive that they are involved in generating signals from tissue stores which influence food intake. This could be manifested via alterations in the drive to eat (i.e. hunger), eating behaviors and appetite regulation. Furthermore, there is some evidence that these peptides might also be associated with physical activity behaviors and metabolism. Anecdotally, children and adolescents experience behavioral and metabolic changes during growth and development which will be associated with physiological changes.

The domestic kitchen : the weak link in the food chain : is convenience leading to apathy?

To investigate the meaning and understanding of domestic food preparation within the lived experience of the household's main food preparer this ethnographic study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Data were collected from three sources: the literature; an in-store survey of251 food shoppers chosen at random while shopping during both peak and off peak shopping periods at metropolitan supermarkets; and semi-structured interviews with the principal food shopper and food preparer of 15 different Brisbane households. Male and female respondents representing a cross section of socio-economic groupings, ranged in age from 19-79 years and were all from English speaking backgrounds. Changes in paid labour force participation, income and education have increased the value of the respondents' time, instigating massive changes in the way they shop, cook and eat. Much of their food preparation has moved from the domestic kitchen into the kitchens of other food establishments. For both sexes, the dominant motivating force behind these changes is a combination of the their self perceived lack of culinary skill; lack of enjoyment of cooking and lack of motivation to cook. The females in paid employment emphasise all factors, particularly the latter two, significantly more than the non-employed females. All factors are of increasing importance for individuals aged less than 35 years and conversely, of significantly diminished importance to older respondents. Overall, it is the respondents aged less than 25 years who indicate the lowest cooking frequency and/or least cooking ability. Inherent in this latter group is an indifference to the art/practice of preparing food. Increasingly, all respondents want to do less cooking and/or get the cooking over with as quickly as possible. Convenience is a powerful lure by which to spend less time in the kitchen. As well, there is an apparent willingness to pay a premium for convenience. Because children today are increasingly unlikely to be taught to cook, addressing the food skills deficit and encouraging individuals to cook for themselves are significant issues confronting health educators. These issues are suggested as appropriate subjects of future research.