Type-based protocol conformance and aliasing control in concurrent java programs

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Performance and conformance results of the deterministic DVB-T equalizer

One of the enablers for new consumer electronics based products to be accepted in to the market is the availability of inexpensive, flexible and multi-standard chipsets and services. DVB-T, the principal standard for terrestrial broadcast of digital video in Europe, has been extremely successful in leading to governments reconsidering their targets for analogue television broadcast switch-off. To enable one further small step in creating increasingly cost effective chipsets, the ODFM deterministic equalizer has been presented before with its application to DVB-T. This paper discusses the test set-up of a DVB-T compliant baseband simulation that includes the deterministic equalizer and DVB-T standard propagation channels. This is then followed by a presentation of the found inner and outer Bit Error Rate (BER) results using various modulation levels, coding rates and propagation channels in order to ascertain the actual performance of the deterministic equalizer(1).

Monitoring Complex Processes to Verify System Conformance: A Declarative Rule-Based Framework

Over the last 60 years, computers and software have favoured incredible advancements in every field. Nowadays, however, these systems are so complicated that it is difficult – if not challenging – to understand whether they meet some requirement or are able to show some desired behaviour or property. This dissertation introduces a Just-In-Time (JIT) a posteriori approach to perform the conformance check to identify any deviation from the desired behaviour as soon as possible, and possibly apply some corrections. The declarative framework that implements our approach – entirely developed on the promising open source forward-chaining Production Rule System (PRS) named Drools – consists of three components: 1. a monitoring module based on a novel, efficient implementation of Event Calculus (EC), 2. a general purpose hybrid reasoning module (the first of its genre) merging temporal, semantic, fuzzy and rule-based reasoning, 3. a logic formalism based on the concept of expectations introducing Event-Condition-Expectation rules (ECE-rules) to assess the global conformance of a system. The framework is also accompanied by an optional module that provides Probabilistic Inductive Logic Programming (PILP). By shifting the conformance check from after execution to just in time, this approach combines the advantages of many a posteriori and a priori methods proposed in literature. Quite remarkably, if the corrective actions are explicitly given, the reactive nature of this methodology allows to reconcile any deviations from the desired behaviour as soon as it is detected. In conclusion, the proposed methodology brings some advancements to solve the problem of the conformance checking, helping to fill the gap between humans and the increasingly complex technology.

A unified approach to architecture conformance checking

Architectural decisions can be interpreted as structural and behavioral constraints that must be enforced in order to guarantee overarching qualities in a system. Enforcing those constraints in a fully automated way is often challenging and not well supported by current tools. Current approaches for checking architecture conformance either lack in usability or offer poor options for adaptation. To overcome this problem we analyze the current state of practice and propose an approach based on an extensible, declarative and empirically-grounded specification language. This solution aims at reducing the overall cost of setting up and maintaining an architectural conformance monitoring environment by decoupling the conceptual representation of a user-defined rule from its technical specification prescribed by the underlying analysis tools. By using a declarative language, we are able to write tool-agnostic rules that are simple enough to be understood by untrained stakeholders and, at the same time, can be can be automatically processed by a conformance checking validator. Besides addressing the issue of cost, we also investigate opportunities for increasing the value of conformance checking results by assisting the user towards the full alignment of the implementation with respect to its architecture. In particular, we show the benefits of providing actionable results by introducing a technique which automatically selects the optimal repairing solutions by means of simulation and profit-based quantification. We perform various case studies to show how our approach can be successfully adopted to support truly diverse industrial projects. We also investigate the dynamics involved in choosing and adopting a new automated conformance checking solution within an industrial context. Our approach reduces the cost of conformance checking by avoiding the need for an explicit management of the involved validation tools. The user can define rules using a convenient high-level DSL which automatically adapts to emerging analysis requirements. Increased usability and modular customization ensure lower costs and a shorter feedback loop.

A Keyword-driven approach for generating OWL DL conformance test data

The conformance of semantic technologies has to be systematically evaluated to measure and verify the real adherence of these technologies to the Semantic Web standards. Currente valuations of semantic technology conformance are not exhaustive enough and do not directly cover user requirements and use scenarios, which raises the need for a simple, extensible and parameterizable method to generate test data for such evaluations. To address this need, this paper presents a keyword-driven approach for generating ontology language conformance test data that can be used to evaluate semantic technologies, details the definition of a test suite for evaluating OWL DL conformance using this approach,and describes the use and extension of this test suite during the evaluation of some tools.

Conformance monitoring, contract of objectives, tube in the sky

Ponencia invitada sobre asignacion y gestion de losts en el curso de verano de la UPM Research in Decisión Support Systems for future Air Traffic Management

Assessing the Implementation of a Secondary Plan Using a Conformance-Based GIS Method: A Pilot Project in Winnipeg, Manitoba

This case study evaluates the implementation of a secondary land use plan in Winnipeg, MB. The area selected for this case study is the Northeast Neighbourhood located in Waverley West; the development of this neighbourhood was guided by the Northeast Neighbourhood Area Structure Plan (NNASP). This case study evaluates the implementation of the NNASP through a conformance analysis which answers the following research questions: 1) Does the developed land use pattern in the NNASP area conform to what was planned; and 2) Does the implementation of the NNASP conform to the goals, objectives, policies, and intent of the plan? The implementation of the NNASP was evaluated against 62 evaluation criteria which were generated based on the policies of the NNASP. Using this method, the development of the Northeast Neighbourhood is effectively evaluated against the requirements of the NNASP. This conformity test utilized threefold approach including GIS analysis, a site visit, and document analysis.

A Unified Approach to Architecture Conformance Checking

Software erosion can be controlled by periodically checking for consistency between the de facto architecture and its theoretical counterpart. Studies show that this process is often not automated and that developers still rely heavily on manual reviews, despite the availability of a large number of tools. This is partially due to the high cost involved in setting up and maintaining tool-specific and incompatible test specifications that replicate otherwise documented invariants. To reduce this cost, our approach consists in unifying the functionality provided by existing tools under the umbrella of a common business-readable DSL. By using a declarative language, we are able to write tool-agnostic rules that are simple enough to be understood by non-technical stakeholders and, at the same time, can be interpreted as a rigorous specification for checking architecture conformance

Public acceptability of highway safety countermeasures. Volume II: safe driving conformance research. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Anelastic spectroscopy study of the metal-insulator transition of Nd(1-x)Eu(x)NiO(3)

Measurements are presented of the complex dynamic Young's modulus of NdNiO(3) and Nd(0.65)Eu(0.35)NiO(3) through the metal-insulator transition (MIT). Upon cooling, the modulus presents a narrow dip at the MIT followed by an abrupt stiffening of similar to 6%. The anomaly is reproducible between cooling and heating in Nd(0.65)Eu(0.35)NiO(3) but appears only as a slow stiffening during cooling in undoped NdNiO(3), in conformance with the fact that the MIT in RNiO(3) changes from strongly first order to second order when the mean R size is decreased. The elastic anomaly seems not to be associated with the antiferromagnetic transition, which is distinct from the MIT in Nd(0.65)Eu(0.35)NiO(3). It is concluded that the steplike stiffening is due to the disappearance or freezing of dynamic Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions through the MIT, where the JT active Ni(3+) is disproportionated into alternating Ni(3+delta) and Ni(3-delta). The fluctuating octahedral JT distortion necessary to justify the observed jump in the elastic modulus is estimated as similar to 3% but does not have a role in determining the MIT, since the otherwise-expected precursor softening is not observed.

Linking customer satisfaction, quality, and strategic planning

By acknowledging and dissecting the interconnected roles of customer satisfaction, quality, and strategic planning, this paper provides an analytical framework for creating a customer-driven organization and culture. It shows how quality starts and ends with the customer. Companies that are achieving long-term continuous improvement in quality tailored to customer satisfaction possess lasting characteristics such as customer orientation, customer consciousness, and customer responsiveness. In doing so, they liberate the quality concept from the narrow product or service focus to encompass total conformance to customer requirements in spite of the existing functionalization and departmentalization of modern complex structures. In addition to these key components, a customer-driven organization demands building and nurturing a customer satisfaction culture and value system that makes quality improvement and heightened concern for customer satisfaction a permanent aspect of organizational life.

Sistemas de automação e manutenção de edifícios: eficiência energética dos sistemas de elevação vertical para transporte de pessoas

O presente trabalho incide sobre a análise da eficiência energética dos elevadores. Para se poder entender esta questão, são apresentadas diversas informações que permitem conhecer os factores associados aos consumos de energia activa, procurando-se perceber qual o rendimento destes equipamentos. Inicialmente são analisados os diversos componentes, que fazem parte de um elevador e os locais em que esses componentes são instalados. Abordam-se as diferentes soluções de accionamento, os diversos tipos de utilização e as diferentes tecnologias que podem ser aplicadas. O estudo dos consumos de energia eléctrica dos elevadores, foi efectuado com base na metodologia desenvolvida pelo grupo E4, do programa Utilização Eficiente da Energia, da Comunidade Europeia, cujo suporte foi o DRAFT ISSO/DIS 25745 - 1 Energy Performance of Lifts and Escalators - Part 1: Energy Measurement and Conformance. Os consumos de energia eléctrica serão caracterizados com os elevadores a serem monitorizados individualmente e sem carga na cabina. A apresentação de resultados obtidos terá em linha de conta: a energia eléctrica consumida com o equipamento em modo de funcionamento, ou seja, com este a realizar ciclos completos, e a potência eléctrica consumida com a instalação em modo de standby, ou seja em não operação. No presente trabalho, são divulgados estudos do grupo E4, em que foram monitorizados elevadores em quatro países da Europa: Portugal, Alemanha, Itália e Polónia. Estes estudos permitem estimar os consumos anuais de energia eléctrica, a nível de funcionamento e a nível de standby e estimar o consumo total, seguindo como base a metodologia anteriormente referida. Para se caracterizar o parque Europeu de elevadores, o grupo E4 recorreu à ELA, Associação Europeia de Elevadores, tendo assim sido possível estimar o consumo anual numa Europa a 27, acrescido do parque da Suíça e da Noruega. Pretende-se com isso poder estimar o potencial de redução no consumo energético no parque analisado, com a aplicação das Melhores Tecnologias Disponíveis (MTD) e com a aplicação de tecnologias que ainda estão em fase de desenvolvimento. (MTND). Paralelamente o autor irá apresentar as monitorizações que efectuou a três elevadores, para os quais procurou validar as leituras efectuadas, comparando os consumos obtidos, com os consumos registados pelas monitorizações do grupo E4 e respectivas estimativas de consumos anuais de energia. As monitorizações do autor, serão utilizadas na catalogação desses três equipamentos a nível de classes de eficiência energética, tendo por base a VDI 4707/Part 1 - Lifts - Energy Efficiency - VDI manual Building Services - Volume 5: Transportation Systems. Procura-se, também, criar um método de apoio na tomada de decisão nas diversas fases de um ciclo do elevador, nomeadamente: desde a especificação, a selecção do sistema de accionamento, a selecção dos sistemas auxiliares, a instalação e a operação do elevador, com vista à melhoria da eficiência energética, e á instalação futura ou à modernização dos equipamentos existentes. Abordam-se as barreiras existentes que inibem a mudança no sector de elevação, para a implementação das MTD no parque de elevadores existente ou no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que possibilitem a melhoria da eficiência energética, MTND. Por ultimo, aborda-se de forma simples a temática da supervisão técnica nos elevadores, através da monitorização e supervisão dos diversos componentes, com vista à optimização da gestão da manutenção e procurando interligar esta gestão à melhoria da eficiência energética. Consegue-se concluir que apenas com a aplicação das MTD, podem ser obtidos ganhos de eficiência energética, e também que este tema não tem tido a importância que merece, pois, na análise da eficiência energética de um edifício, a eficiência dos elevadores não é tida em consideração. A ausência de legislação específica, que torne a análise da eficiência energética dos elevadores obrigatória, será um dos problemas referidos. Reforça-se que, a potencialidade de poupança energética na Europa não deve ser desprezada.