IMPRENSA DE COMUNIDADES IMIGRANTES DE SÃO PAULO E IDENTIDADE: estudo dos jornais ibéricos Mundo Lusíada e Alborada

Entre os veículos impressos voltados para colônias de imigrantes em circulação na cidade de São Paulo, atualmente (2005/2006), estão Mundo Lusíada (português) e Alborada (espanhol). Identificar se estes dois jornais trazem em seu conteúdo, predominantemente, assuntos que favorecem a aculturação e assimilação do estrangeiro no território receptor ou a preservação de sua identidade cultural foi o principal objetivo deste trabalho, além de apurar as características editoriais e averiguar se a relação com a comunidade em questão não é apenas uma estratégia mercadológica. O estudo foi baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, mapeamento das principais publicações voltadas para imigrantes que circulam na capital paulista e, sobretudo, em análise de conteúdo de 12 edições do Mundo Lusíada e 11 de Alborada. Entre os resultados observados destaca-se que o conteúdo de ambos os títulos fornece elementos que propiciam um contato direto com as raízes desses grupos. Este demonstra elementos que permeiam a memória coletiva dos imigrantes luso e hispânico que vieram para o Brasil há mais de um século independentemente de essa identidade ser real. Mundo Lusíada, apesar de ser um veículo voltado para a comunidade luso-brasileira é segmentado, uma vez que, entre outros fatores, se utiliza de estrutura comercial de uma micro empresa. Já Alboradapode ser considerado comunitário no sentido de servir à comunidade atendida pela Sociedade Hispano Brasileira SHB (que o mantém) embora este caráter esteja mudando. Com relação a aspectos jornalísticos verificados nos dois jornais, estes se assemelham aos da pequena imprensa, numa mistura de amadorismo e fonte de status. No entanto, ambos têm papel relevante no fortalecimento dos laços de amizade, culturais e união dos envolvidos, bem como na celebração de suas origens.(AU)

IMPRENSA DE COMUNIDADES IMIGRANTES DE SÃO PAULO E IDENTIDADE: estudo dos jornais ibéricos Mundo Lusíada e Alborada

Entre os veículos impressos voltados para colônias de imigrantes em circulação na cidade de São Paulo, atualmente (2005/2006), estão Mundo Lusíada (português) e Alborada (espanhol). Identificar se estes dois jornais trazem em seu conteúdo, predominantemente, assuntos que favorecem a aculturação e assimilação do estrangeiro no território receptor ou a preservação de sua identidade cultural foi o principal objetivo deste trabalho, além de apurar as características editoriais e averiguar se a relação com a comunidade em questão não é apenas uma estratégia mercadológica. O estudo foi baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, mapeamento das principais publicações voltadas para imigrantes que circulam na capital paulista e, sobretudo, em análise de conteúdo de 12 edições do Mundo Lusíada e 11 de Alborada. Entre os resultados observados destaca-se que o conteúdo de ambos os títulos fornece elementos que propiciam um contato direto com as raízes desses grupos. Este demonstra elementos que permeiam a memória coletiva dos imigrantes luso e hispânico que vieram para o Brasil há mais de um século independentemente de essa identidade ser real. Mundo Lusíada, apesar de ser um veículo voltado para a comunidade luso-brasileira é segmentado, uma vez que, entre outros fatores, se utiliza de estrutura comercial de uma micro empresa. Já Alboradapode ser considerado comunitário no sentido de servir à comunidade atendida pela Sociedade Hispano Brasileira SHB (que o mantém) embora este caráter esteja mudando. Com relação a aspectos jornalísticos verificados nos dois jornais, estes se assemelham aos da pequena imprensa, numa mistura de amadorismo e fonte de status. No entanto, ambos têm papel relevante no fortalecimento dos laços de amizade, culturais e união dos envolvidos, bem como na celebração de suas origens.(AU)

IMPRENSA DE COMUNIDADES IMIGRANTES DE SÃO PAULO E IDENTIDADE: estudo dos jornais ibéricos Mundo Lusíada e Alborada

Entre os veículos impressos voltados para colônias de imigrantes em circulação na cidade de São Paulo, atualmente (2005/2006), estão Mundo Lusíada (português) e Alborada (espanhol). Identificar se estes dois jornais trazem em seu conteúdo, predominantemente, assuntos que favorecem a aculturação e assimilação do estrangeiro no território receptor ou a preservação de sua identidade cultural foi o principal objetivo deste trabalho, além de apurar as características editoriais e averiguar se a relação com a comunidade em questão não é apenas uma estratégia mercadológica. O estudo foi baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, mapeamento das principais publicações voltadas para imigrantes que circulam na capital paulista e, sobretudo, em análise de conteúdo de 12 edições do Mundo Lusíada e 11 de Alborada. Entre os resultados observados destaca-se que o conteúdo de ambos os títulos fornece elementos que propiciam um contato direto com as raízes desses grupos. Este demonstra elementos que permeiam a memória coletiva dos imigrantes luso e hispânico que vieram para o Brasil há mais de um século independentemente de essa identidade ser real. Mundo Lusíada, apesar de ser um veículo voltado para a comunidade luso-brasileira é segmentado, uma vez que, entre outros fatores, se utiliza de estrutura comercial de uma micro empresa. Já Alboradapode ser considerado comunitário no sentido de servir à comunidade atendida pela Sociedade Hispano Brasileira SHB (que o mantém) embora este caráter esteja mudando. Com relação a aspectos jornalísticos verificados nos dois jornais, estes se assemelham aos da pequena imprensa, numa mistura de amadorismo e fonte de status. No entanto, ambos têm papel relevante no fortalecimento dos laços de amizade, culturais e união dos envolvidos, bem como na celebração de suas origens.(AU)

Fostering wellbeing of immigrants and refugees? Evaluating the outcomes of work integration social enterprise

Work integration social enterprises (WISE) seek to create employment and pathways to employment for those highly disadvantaged in the labour market. This chapter examines the effects of WISE on the wellbeing of immigrants and refugees experiencing multiple barriers to economic and social participation. Drawing on an evaluation of a programme that supports seven such enterprises in the Australian state of Victoria, the effects of involvement for individual participants and their communities are examined. The study finds that this social enterprise model affords unique local opportunities for economic and social participation for groups experiencing significant barriers to meaningful employment. These opportunities have a positive impact on individual and community-level wellbeing. However, the financial costs of the model are high relative to other employment programmes, which is consistent with international findings on intermediate labour market programmes. The productivity costs of WISE are also disproportionately high compared to private sector competitors in some industries. This raises considerable dilemmas for social enterprise operators seeking to produce social value and achieve business sustainability while bearing high productivity costs to fulfil their mission. Further, the evaluation illuminates an ongoing need to address the systemic and structural drivers of health and labour market inequalities that characterize socio-economic participation for immigrants and refugees.

Labour, social and health outcomes of immigrants in Australia : effects of language proficiency using the IV approach

Language has been of interest to numerous economists since the late 20th century, with the majority of the studies focusing on its effects on immigrants’ labour market outcomes; earnings in particular. However, language is an endogenous variable, which along with its susceptibility to measurement error causes biases in ordinary-least-squares estimates. The instrumental variables method overcomes the shortcomings of ordinary least squares in modelling endogenous explanatory variables. In this dissertation, age at arrival combined with country of origin form an instrument creating a difference-in-difference scenario, to address the issue of endogeneity and attenuation error in language proficiency. The first half of the study aims to investigate the extent to which English speaking ability of immigrants improves their labour market outcomes and social assimilation in Australia, with the use of the 2006 Census. The findings have provided evidence that support the earlier studies. As expected, immigrants in Australia with better language proficiency are able to earn higher income, attain higher level of education, have higher probability of completing tertiary studies, and have more hours of work per week. Language proficiency also improves social integration, leading to higher probability of marriage to a native and higher probability of obtaining citizenship. The second half of the study further investigates whether language proficiency has similar effects on a migrant’s physical and mental wellbeing, health care access and lifestyle choices, with the use of three National Health Surveys. However, only limited evidence has been found with respect to the hypothesised causal relationship between language and health for Australian immigrants.

Travel behaviours of immigrants in Queensland, Australia

The aim of this research is to determine if there is a significant difference in public transport usage between Australian-born and overseas-born travellers in South East Queensland and identify if further investigation into this demographic factor is necessary. Using the household travel survey data of Southeast Queensland, Australia, this paper analyses the travel behaviours of immigrants and non-immigrants in the region. The immigrant population is divided into six sub-groups based on their continent of origin. The analysis results suggest that immigrants are more likely to use public transit in Brisbane over other regions in the study. Overall, this research strongly suggests that in Australia, a higher proportion of the immigrant population is more likely to use public transit compared to the proportion of the local population.

Resin-foraging by colonies of Trigona sapiens and T. hockingsi (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) and consequent seed dispersal of Corymbia torelliana (Myrtaceae).

Resins are a critical resource for stingless bees and resin-collecting bees act as seed dispersers in tropical plants. We describe the diurnal foraging patterns of colonies of Trigona sapiens and T. hockingsi on resin and pollen. We also document patterns of waste removal and seed dispersal of Corymbia torelliana. At most, only 10% of foragers collected resin or dispersed seed. Nevertheless, bees dispersed 1-3 seeds outside the nest per 5 minutes, and 38-114 seeds per day for each nest. The proportion of returning bees carrying pollen was highest in the morning for both species. The proportion of foragers returning with resin loads showed no significant diurnal variation in any season. Waste removal activity peaked in the afternoon for T. sapiens and in the morning for T. hockingsi. Seed removal peaked in the afternoon in one year only for T. sapiens. Bees dispersed thousands of seeds of C. torelliana over the season even though only a small proportion of the colony was engaged in seed transport.

Growth kinetics of 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies of Nostoc sphaeroides (Cyanophyta) in outdoor culture

Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing was cultivated in paddlewheel-driven raceway ponds and the growth kinetics of 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies of N. sphaeroides was studied. The biomass productivities in 2.5 m(2) raceway ponds inoculated with 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies were 5.2 and 0.25 g dry wt m(-2) stop d(-1), respectively. Furthermore, differently sized colonies showed different relative water content, total soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll a content and density of filaments. This is the first report on mass culture of N. sphaeroides under outdoor conditions.

When does national identification lead to the rejection of immigrants? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence for the role of essentialist in-group definitions

Two studies were carried out in England to investigate the role of essentialist national group definitions in determining the effect of national identification on prejudice towards immigrants, and asylum seekers in particular. It was expected that the relationship between national identification and prejudice would depend on the degree to which participants endorse an essentialist (`ethnic') definition of their nationality. Consistent with this, Study 1 (N=154) found that national identification is associated with negativity towards asylum seekers only among individuals who endorse an essentialist conception of the group, and shows no significant association with prejudice among those who reject such a conception. Study 2 (N=219) used a longitudinal design conducted over 6 weeks, allowing cross-lagged analysis of causality between essentialism, identification, and behavioural intentions towards asylum seekers. A causal effect of essentialism on willingness to support a group acting against asylum seekers was observed, with no significant causal effect in the reverse direction. The reverse causal direction was observed in the case of support for a group seeking to support asylum seekers, with intended behaviours determining essentialism. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of group definitions in the study of in-group affiliations and prejudice.

Kinship, parentage and temporal stability in nursery colonies of Leisler’s bat (Nyctalus leisleri)

Levels of genetic relatedness within bat colonies are often unknown, and consequently the reasons for group formation and social organization are unclear. The Leisler's bat (Nyctalus leisleri), like most temperate bat species, forms nursery colonies in summer. We used microsatellite markers to examine identity and to attempt to estimate relatedness among females within a nursery colony, over 2 consecutive years, to ascertain whether females show kinship and natal philopatry, testing the hypothesis that this is the basis of colony formation. Parentage and relatedness of young born within a colony was assessed to investigate mating patterns via male reproductive skew and whether males achieve mating success within their natal colony. While there was evidence for female philopatry, levels of genetic relatedness within colonies were low. This suggests that kinship is not a major determinant in group formation, as roosts also comprise a large number of distant relatives or non-kin. Roost switching and gene flow are likely to be high. Both sexes reproduced in their first year, whereas males appear to be the more dispersive sex. We argue that the physical environment as well as information sharing provided by communal roosting are likely to be important factors for the formation of these large natal colonies in N. leisleri and possibly other lineages of bats. © 2012 The Author.

Migrations and gradations : reappraising the health profile of immigrants to Canada

New immigrants to Canada typically have a more favourable health profile than the non-immigrant population. This phenomenon, known as the 'healthy immigrant effect', has been attributed to both the socioeconomic advantage (ie. educational attainment, occupational opportunity) of non-refugee immigrants and existing screening protocols that admit only the healthiest of persons to Canada. It has been suggested that this health advantage diminishes as the time of residence in Canada increases, due in part to the adoption of health-risk behaviours such as alcohol and cigarette use, an increase in excess body weight, and declining rates of physical activity. However, the majority of health research concerning immigrants to Canada has been limited to cross-sectional studies (Dunn & Dyck, 2000; Newbold & Danforth, 2003), which may mask an immigrant-specific cohort effect. Furthermore, the practice of aggregating foreign-bom persons by geographical regions or treating all immigrants as a homogeneous group may also obfuscate intra-immigrant differences in health. Accordingly, this study uses the Canadian National Population Health Surveys (NPHS) and data from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to prospectively evaluate factors that predict health status among immigrants to Canada. Each immigrant in the NPHS was linked to the UNDP Human Development Index of their country of birth, which uses a combined measure of health, education, and per capita income of the populace. The six-year change in health function, psychological distress, and self-rated health were considered from a population health perspective (Evans, 1994), using generalized-estimating equations (GEE) to examine the compounding effect of past and recent predictors of health. Demographic

Educational Attainment of Second-Generation Immigrants in Belgium: an Estimation of the Assimilation Degree of Immigrants Based on Cross Section Analysis.

Rapport de recherche

The impact of education and host language skills on the labor market outcomes of immigrants in Spain. 'El impacto de la educación y las habilidades en lengua española en los resultados de la inserción laboral de los inmigrantes en España'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación