Electrochemical behavior of CrN coating for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

CrN films on a bipolar plate in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells have several advantages owing to their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Three CrN samples deposited at various radio frequency (RF) powers by RF magnetron sputtering were evaluated under potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy conditions. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data were monitored for 168 h in a corrosive environment at 70 °C to determine the coating performance at +600 mV_SCE under simulated cathodic conditions in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The electrochemical behavior of the coatings increased with decreasing RF power. CrN films on the AISI 316 stainless steel substrate showed high protective efficiency and charge transfer resistance, i.e. increasing corrosion resistance with decreasing RF power. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a CrN(200) preferred orientation at low RF power.

Effets des procédés d’usinage de finition sur les propriétés de surface, la performance d’un vernis et l’émission de poussières du bois de chêne rouge

La performance d’un produit de finition sur le bois est influencée par la manière dont la surface est préparée. Le ponçage est très utilisé pour préparer les surfaces lors de la finition. Toutefois, ce procédé génère une grande quantité de poussières. Ainsi, les effets des procédés d’usinage sur les propriétés de surface, la performance d’un vernis et l’émission de poussières ont été étudiés dans le but de déterminer les modes de préparation des surfaces les plus adéquats pour le bois de chêne rouge. Dans un premier volet, les propriétés de surface et la performance d’un vernis ont été évaluées sur les surfaces préparées à l’aide du procédé traditionnel de ponçage et de trois procédés alternatifs de rabotage soit la coupe périphérique droite, la coupe hélicoïdale et la coupe oblique. La qualité de surface a été évaluée au moyen des caractéristiques de rugosité, d’endommagement cellulaire et de mouillabilité. Des essais de résistance à l’adhésion d’un vernis d’usage intérieur ont été effectués avant et après un traitement de vieillissement accéléré. Les résultats ont montré que le ponçage a induit une rugosité et un niveau de fibrillation supérieurs à ceux des autres procédés, ainsi qu’une mouillabilité et une adhésion du vernis après vieillissement accéléré élevées. Les surfaces rabotées avec la coupe périphérique droite ont présenté un certain niveau de fibrillation, une rugosité et une mouillabilité intermédiaires. Néanmoins, l’adhésion du vernis après vieillissement a été également inférieure par rapport aux autres procédés. La coupe hélicoïdale a produit une rugosité intermédiaire. D’autre part, la coupe oblique a été le procédé qui a présenté une perte d’adhésion après vieillissement similaire au ponçage. Ce procédé a généré des surfaces lisses avec rugosité et mouillabilité intermédiaires. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, le ponçage à l’aide d’un programme P100-grain et une vitesse d’avance de 7 m/min, la coupe périphérique droite avec un angle d’attaque de 25° et une onde d’usinage de 1,0 mm, la coupe hélicoïdale avec une onde d’usinage de 1,0 mm et la coupe oblique realisé avec un angle oblique de 15° ont permis d’obtenir les meilleures conditions d’usinage pour chaque procédé. Dans un deuxième volet, l’effet de différents paramètres de coupe sur l’émission de poussières et la rugosité de la surface a été étudié lors de la coupe hélicoïdale. Les émissions de poussières ont diminué avec la diminution de laprofondeur de coupe et l’augmentation de l’épaisseur moyenne du copeau. Cependant, les surfaces obtenues avec l’épaisseur moyenne du copeau plus élevée ont présenté une rugosité supérieure. Par contre, si une surface plus lisse est requise, une vitesse d’avance intermédiaire doit être utilisée afin de diminuer la rugosité des surfaces sans exposer les travailleurs à des niveaux élevés de poussière de bois. Par ailleurs, l’émission de poussières pour chaque fraction de particules peut être estimée à travers les modèles développés.

Mid-infrared filters for astronomical and remote sensing instrumentation

As improvements to the optical design of spectrometer and radiometer instruments evolve with advances in detector sensitivity, use of focal plane detector arrays and innovations in adaptive optics for large high altitude telescopes, interest in mid-infrared astronomy and remote sensing applications have been areas of progressive research in recent years. This research has promoted a number of developments in infrared coating performance, particularly by placing increased demands on the spectral imaging requirements of filters to precisely isolate radiation between discrete wavebands and improve photometric accuracy. The spectral design and construction of multilayer filters to accommodate these developments has subsequently been an area of challenging thin-film research, to achieve high spectral positioning accuracy, environmental durability and aging stability at cryogenic temperatures, whilst maximizing the far-infrared performance. In this paper we examine the design and fabrication of interference filters in instruments that utilize the mid-infrared N-band (6-15 µm) and Q-band (16-28 µm) atmospheric windows, together with a rationale for the selection of materials, deposition process, spectral measurements and assessment of environmental durability performance.

Corrosion properties of plasma-polymerized methylcyclohexane films using electrochemical methods

Three types of methylcyclohexane (MCH) coating were deposited as interlayer dielectrics on copper using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at three different RF plasma power levels. The coating performance was then evaluated by an electrochemical im pedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared reflection (FT-IR) spectroscopy were also conducted to analyze the coatings. The MCH coatings showed a lower corrosion rate than the copper substrate in the potentiodynamic tests. The EIS results showed that the corrosion resistance of the coatings increased with an increasing plasma power. Thus, the MCH films with an increasing plasma power improved the corrosion resistance due to the formation of a low-porosity coating, the enhanced formation of C−H, C−C, and C≡C stretching configurations, and the improved smooth surfaces.

Influence of N2O flow rate on reliability of SiOx films deposited by SiH4-N2O gas mixture plasma

SiO_x films have several advantages as an interlayer dielectric in electronic devices owing to the strong adhesion between SiO_x and the substrate. In this study, the coating performance as a function of the N₂O flow rate was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests in an undisturbed environment. In addition, the coatings were examined by atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy. The SiO_x films on a stainless-steel substrate showed the highest coating performance at a N₂O flow rate of 120 sccm. This was attributed to the films having the lowest porosity value among those examined as a result of the fragmentation of SiO and SiO₂ bonds and the improved surface roughness.

Effect of gold on the corrosion behavior of an electroless nickel/immersion gold surface finish

The performance of surface finishes as a function of the pH of the utilized plating solution was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. In addition, the surface finishes were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the contact angle of the liquid/solid interface was recorded. NiP films on copper substrates with gold coatings exhibited their highest coating performance at pH 5. This was attributed to the films having the highest protective efficiency and charge transfer resistance, lowest porosity value, and highest contact angle among those examined as a result of the strongly preferred Au(111) orientation and the improved surface wettability.

Conversion coatings of Mg-alloy AZ91D using trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ionic liquid

This work reveals the performance of a trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([P6,6,6,14][NTf2]) ionic liquid (IL) conversion coating upon AZ91D. Such conversion coatings represent a novel avenue for chromate replacement. An optimization of coating performance was pursued by careful alloy pretreatment to generate a surface on which the coating performs best, as the AZ91 substrate is distinctly different from pure or dilute Mg alloys. The results reveal that a functional conversion coating can be achieved, retarding anodic dissolution kinetics, causing a significant decrease in corrosion rate. The coating efficacy is closely tied to the pretreatment performed, which dictates both the microstructural and electrochemical heterogeneity of the surface. The resulting coatings were found to contain MgxFx and phosphonium cation related components, the proportions of which were dependent on the pretreatment.

In vivo performance of melimine as an antimicrobial coating for contact lenses in models of CLARE and CLPU

Purpose: One strategy to minimize bacteria-associated adverse responses such as microbial keratitis, contact lens–induced acute red eye (CLARE), and contact lens induced peripheral ulcers (CLPUs) that occur with contact lens wear is the development of an antimicrobial or antiadhesive contact lens. Cationic peptides represent a novel approach for the development of antimicrobial lenses.---------- Methods: A novel cationic peptide, melimine, was covalently incorporated into silicone hydrogel lenses. Confirmation tests to determine the presence of peptide and anti-microbial activity were performed. Cationic lenses were then tested for their ability to prevent CLPU in the Staphylococcus aureus rabbit model and CLARE in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa guinea pig model. ---------- Results: In the rabbit model of CLPU, melimine-coated lenses resulted in significant reductions in ocular symptom scores and in the extent of corneal infiltration (P < 0.05). Evaluation of the performance of melimine lenses in the CLARE model showed significant improvement in all ocular response parameters measured, including the percentage of eyes with corneal infiltrates, compared with those observed in the eyes fitted with the control lens (P ≤ 0.05). ---------- Conclusions: Cationic coating of contact lenses with the peptide melimine may represent a novel method of prevention of bacterial growth on contact lenses and consequently result in reduction of the incidence and severity of adverse responses due to Gram-positive and -negative bacteria during lens wear.

Combined effect of double antireflection coating and reversible molecular doping on performance of few-layer graphene/n-silicon Schottky barrier solar cells

Few-layer graphene films were grown by chemical vapor deposition and transferred onto n-type crystalline silicon wafers to fabricate graphene/n-silicon Schottky barrier solar cells. In order to increase the power conversion efficiency of such cells the graphene films were doped with nitric acid vapor and an antireflection treatment was implemented to reduce the sunlight reflection on the top of the device. The doping process increased the work function of the graphene film and had a beneficial effect on its conductivity. The deposition of a double antireflection coating led to an external quantum efficiency up to 90% across the visible and near infrared region, the highest ever reported for this type of devices. The combined effect of graphene doping and antireflection treatment allowed to reach a power conversion efficiency of 8.5% exceeding the pristine (undoped and uncoated) device performance by a factor of 4. The optical properties of the antireflection coating were found to be not affected by the exposure to nitric acid vapor and to remain stable over time.

High-performance graphene-based supercapacitors made by a scalable blade-coating approach

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets can form liquid crystals (LCs) in their aqueous dispersions that are more viscous with a stronger LC feature. In this work we combine the viscous LC-GO solution with the blade-coating technique to make GO films, for constructing graphene-based supercapacitors in a scalable way. Reduced GO (rGO) films are prepared by wet chemical methods, using either hydrazine (HZ) or hydroiodic acid (HI). Solid-state supercapacitors with rGO films as electrodes and highly conductive carbon nanotube films as current collectors are fabricated and the capacitive properties of different rGO films are compared. It is found that the HZ-rGO film is superior to the HI-rGO film in achieving high capacitance, owing to the 3D structure of graphene sheets in the electrode. Compared to gelled electrolyte, the use of liquid electrolyte (H2SO4) can further increase the capacitance to 265 F per gram (corresponding to 52 mF per cm2) of the HZ-rGO film.

Frictional behaviour and wear performance of a nitrocarburised coating sliding against AISI 1019 steel

This work employed a commercial nitrocaburising process to diffuse a coating onto M2 grade high speed tool steel. Properties of the nitrocaburised coating (CN) such as thickness, roughness and hardness were characterised using a variety of techniques including Glow-Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A tribological test has been developed in which two nominally identical crossed cylinders slide over each other under selected test conditions. The test has been employed to investigate the wear performance of both CN coated and uncoated M2 specimens and frictional behaviour of the sliding interface between the tool and a AISI 1019 steel workpiece under unlubricated (dry) and lubricated conditions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to monitor the formation of chemical species from the oxidation of lubricant during tribological testing.