Imagined and occasional co-presence in open adoption: how adoptive parents mediate birth connections.

This chapter explores the ways that adopted children and their birth parents can remain co-present following adoption. It focuses specifically on public adoption of children who have been in the care of child welfare services, and draws on adoptive parents’ accounts of their experiences of adoption openness. The distinctive features of co-presence between children and their birth parents after adoption are: that it is mediated by negotiated contact agreements and through on-going adoptive family practices; and that it is occasional, with its infrequency displaying the status and significance of birth relationships. Physical co-presence can in some cases be achieved through face-to-face contact meetings, however, even when this not possible, birth parents can be present in the hearts and minds of the adoptive family, constituting a form of imagined co-presence. The chapter explores how adopters achieve, delimit and mediate imagined and physical co-presence between their child and birth parent and concludes by considering the emergence of virtual co-presence via online social media.

The effect of ionic Co presence on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of modified cobalt–titanate nanotubes

With the aim of producing materials with enhanced optical and photocatalytic properties, titanate nanotubes (TNTs) modified by cobalt doping (Co-TNT) and by Na+ -> Co ion-exchange (TNT/Co) were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method. The influence of the doping level and of the cobalt position in the TNT crystalline structure was studied. Although no perceptible influence of the cobalt ion position on the morphology of the prepared titanate nanotubes was observed, the optical behaviour of the cobalt modified samples is clearly dependent on the cobalt ions either substituting the Ti4+ ions in the TiO6 octahedra building blocks of the TNT structure (doped samples) or replacing the Na+ ions between the TiO6 interlayers (ion-exchange samples). The catalytic ability of these materials on pollutant photodegradation was investigated. First, the evaluation of hydroxyl radical formation using the terephthalic acid as a probe was performed. Afterwards, phenol, naphthol yellow S and brilliant green were used as model pollutants. Anticipating real world situations, photocatalytic experiments were performed using solutions combining these pollutants. The results show that the Co modified TNT materials (Co-TNT and TNT/Co) are good catalysts, the photocatalytic performance being dependent on the Co/Ti ratio and on the structural metal location. The Co(1%)-TNT doped sample was the best photocatalyst for all the degradation processes studied.

Identifying with an avatar : a multidisciplinary perspective

Avatars perform a complex range of inter-related functions. They not only allow us to express a digital identity, they facilitate the expression of physical motility and, through non-verbal expression, help to mediate social interaction in networked environments. When well designed, they can contribute to a sense of “presence” (a sense of being there) and a sense of “co-presence” (a sense of being there with others) in digital space. Because of this complexity, the study of avatars can be enriched by theoretical insights from a range of disciplines. This paper considers avatars from the perspectives of critical theory, visual communication, and art theory (on portraiture) to help elucidate the role of avatars as an expression of identity. It goes on to argue that identification with an avatar is also produced through their expression of motility and discusses the benefits of film theory for explaining this process. Conceding the limits of this approach, the paper draws on philosophies of body image, Human Computer Interaction (HCI) theory on embodied interaction, and fields as diverse as dance to explain the sense of identification, immersion, presence and co-presence that avatars can produce.

Stochastic modelling of financial time series with memory and multifractal scaling

Financial processes may possess long memory and their probability densities may display heavy tails. Many models have been developed to deal with this tail behaviour, which reflects the jumps in the sample paths. On the other hand, the presence of long memory, which contradicts the efficient market hypothesis, is still an issue for further debates. These difficulties present challenges with the problems of memory detection and modelling the co-presence of long memory and heavy tails. This PhD project aims to respond to these challenges. The first part aims to detect memory in a large number of financial time series on stock prices and exchange rates using their scaling properties. Since financial time series often exhibit stochastic trends, a common form of nonstationarity, strong trends in the data can lead to false detection of memory. We will take advantage of a technique known as multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) that can systematically eliminate trends of different orders. This method is based on the identification of scaling of the q-th-order moments and is a generalisation of the standard detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) which uses only the second moment; that is, q = 2. We also consider the rescaled range R/S analysis and the periodogram method to detect memory in financial time series and compare their results with the MF-DFA. An interesting finding is that short memory is detected for stock prices of the American Stock Exchange (AMEX) and long memory is found present in the time series of two exchange rates, namely the French franc and the Deutsche mark. Electricity price series of the five states of Australia are also found to possess long memory. For these electricity price series, heavy tails are also pronounced in their probability densities. The second part of the thesis develops models to represent short-memory and longmemory financial processes as detected in Part I. These models take the form of continuous-time AR(∞) -type equations whose kernel is the Laplace transform of a finite Borel measure. By imposing appropriate conditions on this measure, short memory or long memory in the dynamics of the solution will result. A specific form of the models, which has a good MA(∞) -type representation, is presented for the short memory case. Parameter estimation of this type of models is performed via least squares, and the models are applied to the stock prices in the AMEX, which have been established in Part I to possess short memory. By selecting the kernel in the continuous-time AR(∞) -type equations to have the form of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, we obtain a fractional stochastic differential equation driven by Brownian motion. This type of equations is used to represent financial processes with long memory, whose dynamics is described by the fractional derivative in the equation. These models are estimated via quasi-likelihood, namely via a continuoustime version of the Gauss-Whittle method. The models are applied to the exchange rates and the electricity prices of Part I with the aim of confirming their possible long-range dependence established by MF-DFA. The third part of the thesis provides an application of the results established in Parts I and II to characterise and classify financial markets. We will pay attention to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), the NASDAQ Stock Exchange (NASDAQ) and the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). The parameters from MF-DFA and those of the short-memory AR(∞) -type models will be employed in this classification. We propose the Fisher discriminant algorithm to find a classifier in the two and three-dimensional spaces of data sets and then provide cross-validation to verify discriminant accuracies. This classification is useful for understanding and predicting the behaviour of different processes within the same market. The fourth part of the thesis investigates the heavy-tailed behaviour of financial processes which may also possess long memory. We consider fractional stochastic differential equations driven by stable noise to model financial processes such as electricity prices. The long memory of electricity prices is represented by a fractional derivative, while the stable noise input models their non-Gaussianity via the tails of their probability density. A method using the empirical densities and MF-DFA will be provided to estimate all the parameters of the model and simulate sample paths of the equation. The method is then applied to analyse daily spot prices for five states of Australia. Comparison with the results obtained from the R/S analysis, periodogram method and MF-DFA are provided. The results from fractional SDEs agree with those from MF-DFA, which are based on multifractal scaling, while those from the periodograms, which are based on the second order, seem to underestimate the long memory dynamics of the process. This highlights the need and usefulness of fractal methods in modelling non-Gaussian financial processes with long memory.

Intimate transactions : art, exhibition and interaction within distributed network environments

The broad research questions of the book are: How can successful, interdisciplinary collaboration contribute to research innovation through Practice-led research? What contributes to the design, production and curation of successful new media art? What are the implications of exhibiting it across dual sites for artists, curators and participant audiences? Is it possible to create an 'intimate transaction' between people who are separated by vast distances but joined by interfaces and distributed networks? Centred on a new media work of the same name by the Transmute Collective (led by Keith Armstrong), this book provides insights from multidisciplinary perspectives. Visual, sound and performance artists, furniture designers, spatial architects, technology systems designers, and curators who collaborated in the production of Intimate Transactions discuss their design philosophies, working processes and resolution of this major new media work. Analytical and philosophical essays by international writers complement these writings on production. They consider how new media art, like Intimate Transactions, challenges traditional understandings of art, curatorial installation and exhibition experience because of the need to take into account interaction, the reconfiguration of space, co-presence, performativity and inter-site collaboration.

Learning beyond books : strategies for ambient media to improve libraries and collaboration spaces as interfaces for social learning

With the advent of digital media and online information resources, public libraries as physical destinations for information access are being increasingly challenged. As a response, many libraries follow the trend of removing bookshelves in order to provide more floorspace for social interaction and collaboration. Such spaces follow a Commons 2.0 model: they are designed to support collaborative work and social learning. The acquisition of skills and knowledge is facilitated as a result of being surrounded by and interacting with a community of likeminded others. Based on the results of a case study on a Commons 2.0 library space, this paper describes several issues of collaboration and social learning in public library settings. Acknowledging the significance of the architectural characteristics of the physical space, we discuss opportunities for ambient media to better reflect the social attributes of the library as a place; i.e. amplify the sense of other co-present library visitors and provide opportunities for shared encounters and conversations, which would remain invisible otherwise. We present the design of a user check-in system for improving the library as a physical destination for social learning, sharing, and inspiration for and by the community.

Sensing place : embodiment, sensoriality, kinesis, and children behind the camera

This article is a call to literacy teachers and researchers to embrace the possibility of attending more consciously to the senses in digital media production. Literacy practices do not occur only in the mind, but involve the sensoriality, embodiment, co-presence, and movement of bodies. This paper theorises the sensorial and embodied dimension of children’s filmmaking about place in two communities in Australia. The films were created by pre-teen Indigenous and non-Indigenous children in Logan, Queensland, and by Indigenous teenagers at the Warralong campus of the Strelley Community School in remote Western Australia. The films were created through engagement in cross-curricular units that sensitised the students’ experience of local places, gathering corporeal information through their sensing bodies as they interacted with the local ecology. The analysis highlights how the sensorial and bodily nature of literacy practice through documentary filmmaking was central to the children’s formation and representation of knowledge, because knowledge and literacy practices are not only acquired through the mind, but are also reliant on embodiment, sensoriality, co-presence, and kinesics of the body in place.

BDST modelling of sodium ion exchange column behaviour with strong acid cation resin in relation to coal seam water treatment

Reverse osmosis is the dominant technology utilized for desalination of saline water produced during the extraction of coal seam gas. Alternatively, ion exchange is of interest due to potential cost advantages. However, there is limited information regarding the column performance of strong acid cation resin for removal of sodium ions from both model and actual coal seam water samples. In particular, the impact of bed depth, flow rate, and regeneration was not clear. Consequently, this study applied Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) models to reveal that increasing sodium ion concentration and flow rates diminished the time required for breakthrough to occur. The loading of sodium ions on fresh resin was calculated to be ca. 71.1 g Na/kg resin. Difficulties in regeneration of the resin using hydrochloric acid solutions were discovered, with 86% recovery of exchange sites observed. The maximum concentration of sodium ions in the regenerant brine was found to be 47,400 mg/L under the conditions employed. The volume of regenerant waste formed was 6.2% of the total volume of water treated. A coal seam water sample was found to load the resin with only 53.5 g Na/kg resin, which was consistent with not only the co-presence of more favoured ions such as calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium, but also inefficient regeneration of the resin prior to the coal seam water test.

Simultaneous remote haptic collaboration for assembling tasks

Stand-alone virtual environments (VEs) using haptic devices have proved useful for assembly/disassembly simulation of mechanical components. Nowadays, collaborative haptic virtual environments (CHVEs) are also emerging. A new peer-to-peer collaborative haptic assembly simulator (CHAS) has been developed whereby two users can simultaneously carry out assembly tasks using haptic devices. Two major challenges have been addressed: virtual scene synchronization (consistency) and the provision of a reliable and effective haptic feedback. A consistency-maintenance scheme has been designed to solve the challenge of achieving consistency. Results show that consistency is guaranteed. Furthermore, a force-smoothing algorithm has been developed which is shown to improve the quality of force feedback under adverse network conditions. A range of laboratory experiments and several real trials between Labein (Spain) and Queen’s University Belfast (Northern Ireland) have verified that CHAS can provide an adequate haptic interaction when both users perform remote assemblies (assembly of one user’s object with an object grasped by the other user). Moreover, when collisions between grasped objects occur (dependent collisions), the haptic feedback usually provides satisfactory haptic perception. Based on a qualitative study, it is shown that the haptic feedback obtained during remote assemblies with dependent collisions can continue to improve the sense of co-presence between users with regard to only visual feedback.

Rapport à soi et citoyennetés alimentaires : diagnostic d'une politique des plaisirs

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’alimentaire en tant que discours social du « comment se nourrir » se déployant avec une intensité toute particulière dans l’actuel régime de gouvernement de libéralisme avancé. Elle propose plus spécifiquement de penser cette intensité comme participant d’un investissement de l’alimentaire en tant que lieu privilégié dans la production d’articulations du rapport à soi (relation éthique à soi-même) et d’une citoyenneté comprise en termes d’abord normatifs. Cette productivité est mise en évidence par le biais d’une « exemplification » des ensembles de régularités des discours alimentaires contemporains qui s’avèrent les plus saillants quant à leurs effets de citoyenneté. Le premier de ces ensembles est abordé à travers une analyse de la campagne de réforme des habitudes alimentaires des écoliers britanniques Jamie’s School Dinners, considérée en tant qu’exemple des discours tendant aujourd’hui à faire d’une certaine culture alimentaire un enjeu de citoyenneté culturelle. Je m’intéresse dans un second temps aux dynamiques qui s’opèrent dans Mettez le Québec dans votre assiette!, une campagne sociétale en faveur de l’alimentation locale qui m’apparait exemplaire de la production contemporaine du « manger local » en tant qu’expression de confiance et de patriotisme envers une nation définie par ses terroirs. Finalement, je me tourne vers l’ouvrage In Defense of Food. An Eater’s Manifesto de Michael Pollan en tant qu’exemple de coprésence des deux ensembles de régularités discutés précédemment et d’un troisième (le « nutritionnisme ») que j’analyse en tant que réarticulation du discours de devoir de santé de la science nutritionnelle. Cette thèse se conclut sur une discussion de quelques-uns des effets de cette coprésence et des citoyennetés alimentaires qu’elle informe. Je m’attarde plus spécifiquement à la politique des plaisirs qui traverse ces citoyennetés, une politique se déployant sur le mode de l’anxiété (face à un futur incertain) et selon une logique générationnelle par laquelle les espaces de la nation et de la famille se trouvent simultanément investis.

Pedagogical Methods in Web-Based Language Teaching

This paper presents a research project that is being conducted at Dalarna University in Sweden. The aim is to study the following: 1) The quality of online language education compared with that of campus education, and 2) Advantages and disadvantages of online language education and how the disadvantages might be overcome. The project consists of two parts: pedagogical methods in online language education from the teachers’ point of view and from the students’ point of view. The first part was conducted in 2012 and various characteristics (benefits and difficulties) of online language education were identified. Flexibility and wider opportunities were general benefits, while lack of physical co-presence, difficulty in having lively debates/discussions, and high dropout rates were among the problems. The second part of the project (being conducted in 2014) aims to investigate how students experience online language learning. The goal is to explore alignments and misalignments between teachers’ perspectives and students’ perspectives, and to develop methods to enhance the quality of online education.

From estrangement to a sense of place …

Maggie MacKellar in her book Core of my Heart, my Country writes 'What is sense of place? Why is relationship with place so fundamental to our identity as individuals and as communities?' MacKellar rightly acknowledges that 'A sense of place is a complex connection between land and self. Place is both inside and outside; it takes us beyond ourselves, yet allows us to make sense of ourselves. Attachments to place are born into us, but they are also formed through movement, through labour, through words.' My mother Maria Radzimirski-Herzog considered herself truly Swiss and thoroughly Australian. Through one migrant's story this paper explores something of the complex intertwining of place, memory and identity. It grapples with the notion of belonging to one's country of birth and one's adopted country via a rich understanding of place. In Maria's case, place becomes inextricably bound with who she became as a person. In the early 1940s, Maria explored Switzerland on bike and on foot during war-time restrictions on cars and she came to know it intimately. She photographed the land and the mountains; she documented her journeys. Spirn writes perceptively that 'Significance does not depend on human perception or imagination alone.' For Maria significance was, to use Spirn's words, 'there to be discovered, inherent and ascribed, shaped by what senses perceive, what instinct and experience read as significant, what minds know'. For Maria, Landscape was not 'mere scenery'. The ability to see, to listen, to be present in place, stood her in good stead in her adopted country, Australia. Maria called place into being for her children: through her lived experiences, her memories, her story telling, through language, traditions and history, Maria shared her Swiss identity with her children. But imperceptibly she also taught them how to understand her new homeland Australia, their birth country. How did Maria become Australian? Was that her creative response to exile from Switzerland? How did she come to feel at home in both countries, to understand both places? How did they seep into her and she into them? Through my own research on place I have discovered that assessing 'sense of place' is not an exact science but a creative analysis of the attributes of a place. The methodology I have adopted to explore the complex interrelationships between place, memory and identity allows recovery and reclamation, rediscovery, juxtaposing the subjective and the objective, the co-presence of different evidence. This paper draws on place research, on personal papers, letters and photographs, and the author's own experiences and memories. Through story and narrative it interweaves autobiography and biography with theoretical scholarship, to illuminate one migrant's journey from estrangement to a sense of place in her adopted country, Australia.

Ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp., Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em soros de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina-Pr

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of IgG antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from a Veterinary Hospital from Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Blood samples from 112 animals were obtained by jugular venipuncture to obtain sera. The samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence to detect antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii. Thirteen (11.61%), 25 (22.32%), and 57 (50.89%) samples were positive for Leishmania spp., N. caninum, and T. gondii, respectively. The co-presence of anti-Leishmania spp. and N. caninum was observed in 6 (5.36%), anti-Leishmania spp. and anti-T. gondii in 8 (14.7%), and anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii in 18 (16.07%) samples. The co-presence of anti-Leishmania spp., anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii was observed in 5 (4.46%) dogs. There was a higher prevalence of Leishmania in Toxoplasma and Neospora positive animals, however, these results were not statistically significant (range p = 0.052 p = 0.06). The dogs have an important role in the epidemiological cycle of these diseases, which are important in animal and public health. The northern state of Paraná is an endemic area for human cutaneous leishmaniasis, therefore, studies should be conducted to uncover the real role of dogs as reservoirs of Leishmania to humans in the state.